The south bank of the
Humber Estuary in England is a relatively unpopulated area containing large scale industrial development built from the 1950s onward, including national scale petroleum and chemical plants as well as gigawatt scale gas fired power stations.
Historically the south bank was undeveloped, and mostly unpopulated, excluding the medieval
port of Grimsby
The Port of Grimsby is located on the south bank of the Humber Estuary at Grimsby in North East Lincolnshire. Sea trade out of Grimsby dates to at least the medieval period. The ''Grimsby Haven Company'' began dock development in the late 170 ...
and lesser havens at
Barton upon Humber
Barton-upon-Humber () or Barton is a town and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England. The population at the 2011 census was 11,066. It is situated on the south bank of the Humber Estuary at the southern end of the Humber Bridge. It is so ...
and
Barrow upon Humber
Barrow upon Humber is a village and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England. The population (including Barrow Hann) at the 2011 census was 3,022.
The village is situated near the Humber, about east from Barton-upon-Humber. The small port ...
. Industrial activity increased from the 19th century onwards, primarily brick and tile works utilising the clay extracted from the banks of the Humber; this plus the addition of chalk extraction at the edge of the
Lincolnshire Wolds
The Lincolnshire Wolds are a range of low hills in the county of Lincolnshire, England which run roughly parallel with the North Sea coast, from the Humber Estuary in the north-west to the edge of the Lincolnshire Fens in the south-east. They ar ...
formed the basis of cement industries. Grimsby expanded during the industrial 19th century, and
Immingham Dock
The Port of Immingham, also known as Immingham Dock, is a major port on the east coast of England, located on the south bank of the Humber Estuary in the town of Immingham, Lincolnshire. In 2019, the Port of Grimsby & Immingham was the largest ...
was established in 1911, and a large scale cement works established near
South Ferriby
South Ferriby is a village in North Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the south bank of the Humber Estuary and west from the Humber Bridge. North Ferriby is directly opposite on the Estuary's north bank. Village population was 651 in ...
in 1938. Most of the brick and tile works ceased operation in around the 1950s.
From the 1950s onwards a number of chemical plants were built between Immingham and Grimsby, and two major oil refineries built south of Immingham Dock in the 1960s. Growth and development of the oil and chemical industries took place through the 20th century with some contraction of chemical works occurring in the late 20th century.
At the end of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st century a number of
combined cycle gas turbine
A combined cycle power plant is an assembly of heat engines that work in tandem from the same source of heat, converting it into mechanical energy. On land, when used to make electricity the most common type is called a combined cycle gas turb ...
power stations were built (see also
dash for gas The Dash for Gas was the 1990s shift by the newly privatized companies in the electricity sector of the United Kingdom towards generation of electricity using natural gas. Gas consumption peaked in 2001 and has been in decline since 2010.
The key ...
), some of which utilised 'waste' steam to provide nearby petroleum and chemical plants with heat energy. During the same time frame a large area of former clay workings from earlier brick and tile activity was converted into water parks in the Barton area.
Grimsby – Immingham
Background
The port of
Grimsby
Grimsby or Great Grimsby is a port town and the administrative centre of North East Lincolnshire, Lincolnshire, England. Grimsby adjoins the town of Cleethorpes directly to the south-east forming a conurbation. Grimsby is north-east of Linco ...
,
was a significant local town and market in the medieval period, with fish being the predominant traded good. From around the 14th century the port's importance in international trade diminished, in part due to competition from Hull, Boston, as well as the
Hanseatic League
The Hanseatic League (; gml, Hanse, , ; german: label=Modern German, Deutsche Hanse) was a medieval commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Central and Northern Europe. Growing from a few North German to ...
; whilst coastal trade and inland waterway trade became more important. In addition to fish a trade foodstuffs also took place, as well as coals from Newcastle and the export of peat dug in Yorkshire. Grimsby's population declined from around 1,400 in 1377 to around 750 by 1600 and to around 400 by the early 1700s. In the late 1700s a new dock was built at Grimsby, under the engineer
John Rennie, opened 1800. In the 1840s the
Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway
The Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway was an early British railway company which opened in stages between 1841 and 1845 between Sheffield and Manchester via Ashton-under-Lyne. The Peak District formed a formidable barrier, and ...
constructed a rail line to the town, and a new dock was constructed in the same period; the town redeveloped as a port, and its growth re-initiated. Several new docks constructed between 1850 and 1900 with a third fish dock added in 1934. Rail connections linked the port to South Yorkshire, Lancashire and the Midlands; the net tonnage handled by the port increased from 163,000 in the 1850s to 3,777,000 by 1911. The port was also a major fishing centre, landing around 20% of the total UK catch (1934). The town's population rose consistently from 1,500 in 1801, to 75,000 in 1901, and to 92,000 in 1931. Neighbouring
Cleethorpes
Cleethorpes () is a seaside town on the estuary of the Humber in North East Lincolnshire, England with a population of 38,372 in 2020. It has been permanently occupied since the 6th century, with fishing as its original industry, then develo ...
also developed as a residential area for Grimsby as well as a
seaside resort
A seaside resort is a resort town, town, village, or hotel that serves as a Resort, vacation resort and is located on a coast. Sometimes the concept includes an aspect of official accreditation based on the satisfaction of certain requirements, suc ...
during the 19th century. In the 20th century, port based industries formed the main economic activities, with fishing being particularly important, influencing other industries in the town, specifically food processing, in particular frozen foods. In the late 1960s around 3,500 were employed directly in the fishing industry; 10,000 were employed in food industries of which 6,000 was fish processing activities; 2,500 in shipbuilding and repair; other lesser employment activities included engineering, and timber related businesses. Most of Grimsby's industries were concentrated on the Dock's estate, and later Pyewipe, west of the main centre.
In 1911
Immingham Dock
The Port of Immingham, also known as Immingham Dock, is a major port on the east coast of England, located on the south bank of the Humber Estuary in the town of Immingham, Lincolnshire. In 2019, the Port of Grimsby & Immingham was the largest ...
was opened,
constructed for the
Great Central Railway
The Great Central Railway in England was formed when the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway changed its name in 1897, anticipating the opening in 1899 of its London Extension. On 1 January 1923, the company was grouped into the ...
, primarily for the export of coal; the new dock was located at a point where the deep water channel of the Humber Estuary swung close to the south bank, with estuary side jetties that and could handle ships up to 30,000
deadweight tonnage
Deadweight tonnage (also known as deadweight; abbreviated to DWT, D.W.T., d.w.t., or dwt) or tons deadweight (DWT) is a measure of how much weight a ship can carry. It is the sum of the weights of cargo, fuel, fresh water, ballast water, provi ...
. In the
interwar period
In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days), the end of the World War I, First World War to the beginning of the World War II, Second World War. The in ...
industry was developed on the north bank of the Humber in out of town locations: petroleum refining at
Salt End
Salt End or Saltend is a hamlet in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, in an area known as Holderness. It is situated on the north bank of the Humber Estuary just outside the Hull eastern boundary on the A1033 road. It forms part of the civi ...
(
BP Saltend); smelting and cement manufacture at Melton (
Capper Pass
Capper Pass and Son Ltd. was a British smelting and refining company specialising in non-ferrous metal refining, particularly tin. Originally established in Bristol in the early 1800s, the company relocated to a site on the banks of the Humber Es ...
and the
Humber Cement Works
Melton is a small village in the civil parish of Welton, East Riding of Yorkshire, Welton, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated about west of Kingston upon Hull city centre near to the Humber Estuary and about east of the village ...
); and aircraft at
Brough (
Blackburn Aeroplane & Motor Company
Blackburn () is an industrial town and the administrative centre of the Blackburn with Darwen borough in Lancashire, England. The town is north of the West Pennine Moors on the southern edge of the Ribble Valley, east of Preston and north- ...
, later
British Aerospace
British Aerospace plc (BAe) was a British aircraft, munitions and defence-systems manufacturer. Its head office was at Warwick House in the Farnborough Aerospace Centre in Farnborough, Hampshire. Formed in 1977, in 1999 it purchased Marconi ...
).
During the 1970s and early 1980s the fishing industry of Grimsby declined (to less than 15% of 1970 levels by tonnage by 1983) due to fuel costs (
1973 fuel crisis
Events January
* January 1 - The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union.
* January 15 – Vietnam War: ...
), decline in fish stocks, Icelandic exclusion zones (see
cod war
The Cod Wars ( is, Þorskastríðin; also known as , ; german: Kabeljaukriege) were a series of 20th-century confrontations between the United Kingdom (with aid from West Germany) and Iceland about fishing rights in the North Atlantic. Each o ...
), and new EEC fishing limits, though the port's market share remained roughly constant at around 20%, imported landings from Icelandic ships (as well as from ships of Norway, Faroes, Denmark, Belgium and Holland) became important to the continuation of Grimsby's role as a 'fish port'.
Industrialisation (1950–)
After the end of the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
the Humber bank and area between Grimsby and Immingham began to be developed by capital intensive industries, main focused on petroleum and chemicals. In addition to access to a modern port (Immingham) the regional advantages were availability of large areas of undeveloped flat land at low cost, with the Humber allowing discharge or effluent. The area was earmarked as being suitable for 'special' industries, such as those dealing with hazardous products or processes. Several large conglomerates or their subsidiaries acquired
land banks in the area, and began developing industrial sites.
Grimsby Corporation acquired of land between 1946 and 1953, who then improved the road and rail links,
[The rail line serving industrial plants along the Humber bank was on the track route of the former ]Grimsby and Immingham Electric Railway
The Grimsby & Immingham Electric Railway (G&IER) was an electric light railway, primarily for passenger traffic, linking Great Grimsby with the Port of Immingham in Lincolnshire, England. The line was built by the Great Central Railway (GCR), ...
and sought industrial developers. An additional was acquired by the corporation in
Great Coates
Great Coates is a village and civil parish in North East Lincolnshire, England. It is to the north-west and adjoins the Grimsby urban area, and is served by Great Coates railway station.
The northern part of the parish extends to the Humber Es ...
in 1960 and developed into a light industrial estate.
[Great Coates Industrial Estate, also known as Pyewipe industrial estate, or South Humberside Industrial estate.] Developers included
British Titan Products (1949,
titanium dioxide
Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania , is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula . When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891. It is a white solid that is insolubl ...
pigment),
Fisons
Fisons plc was a British multinational pharmaceutical, scientific instruments and horticultural chemicals company headquartered in Ipswich, United Kingdom. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Ind ...
(1950, phosphate fertilizer),
CIBA Laboratories
Ciba or CIBA may refer to:
CIBA
* Chemical Industry Basel (CIBA), former name of a company (Ciba-Geigy) that merged with "Sandoz" to form Novartis
** Ciba Specialty Chemicals
** Ciba Vision
* CIBA, acronym for the California Intercollegiate Base ...
(1951, pharmaceuticals),
Laporte Industries (1953, titanium dioxide pigment),
Courtaulds
Courtaulds was a United Kingdom-based manufacturer of fabric, clothing, artificial fibres, and chemicals. It was established in 1794 and became the world's leading man-made fibre production company before being broken up in 1990 into Courtaulds ...
(1957, viscose and acrylic fibres). By 1961 developments occupied around and employed over 4,000 persons. A limit to development was the fresh water supply available to industry. By the beginning of the 1960s the Fisons, Laporte, CIBA, Titan, and Courtaulds were consuming per day, all of which was acquired from the
chalk aquifer, some from the companies' own boreholes; this combined with Grimsby's water demand gave a total requirement of around per day, which was considered close to what the
aquifer
An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing, permeable rock, rock fractures, or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt). Groundwater from aquifers can be extracted using a water well. Aquifers vary greatly in their characterist ...
could sustainably supply. As a consequence additional sources of supply were sought by the water board.
In the late 1960s two oil refineries were established near
Immingham: (
Total-
Fina
FINA (french: Fédération internationale de natation, en, International Swimming Federation, link=yes) (to be renamed as World Aquatics by ) is the international federation recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for administer ...
and
Continental Oil) supplied from an estuary pier beyond Cleethorpes at
Tetney
Tetney is a village in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England, and just west of the Prime Meridian.
History
On the edge of the village is the site of a Marconi Beam Station from where telegrams were sent in 1927 to Australia and I ...
.
Initially rail transport links were good, but road transport infrastructure very poor, essentially rural lanes. In the late 1960s the government identified the Humber region generally as suitable for large scale industrial development; subsequently development of the road networks on both banks was authorised (see
M180 motorway
The M180 is a motorway in eastern England, starting at junction 5 on the M18 motorway in Hatfield, within the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, and terminating at Barnetby, Lincolnshire, some from the port of Immingham an ...
, also
M62), as well as the construction of the
Humber Bridge.
A number of proposed or potential large scale developments in the latter part of the 20th century were not taken forward: The
CEGB
The Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) was responsible for electricity generation, transmission and bulk sales in England and Wales from 1958 until privatisation of the electricity industry in the 1990s.
It was established on 1 Januar ...
acquired a site near Killingholme in 1960, and obtained consent for a 4 GW oil fired power station in 1972; the project was abandoned after the
1973 oil crisis
The 1973 oil crisis or first oil crisis began in October 1973 when the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), led by Saudi Arabia, proclaimed an oil embargo. The embargo was targeted at nations that had supp ...
; in 1985 the Killingholme site was listed as a possible
NIREX disposal site for
low level nuclear waste; in 1986 the CEGB listed Killingholme as a potential site for a coal fired power station; A plan to reclaim land from the Humber at Pyewipe west of Grimsby using colliery waste was supported by
Great Grimsby
Grimsby or Great Grimsby is a port town and the administrative centre of North East Lincolnshire, Lincolnshire, England. Grimsby adjoins the town of Cleethorpes directly to the south-east forming a conurbation. Grimsby is north-east of Linc ...
borough council as a potential source of new development land, interest in a reclamation scheme dated from at least the mid 1970s, and a report in the 1980s found the scheme feasible but expensive, the scheme was not supported by
Humberside County Council
Humberside County Council was the county council of the non-metropolitan county of Humberside in northern England.
History
Humberside was a non-metropolitan county governed by Humberside County Council and nine non-metropolitan district councils. ...
who had sufficient development land elsewhere;
Dow chemicals
The Dow Chemical Company, officially Dow Inc., is an American multinational chemical corporation headquartered in Midland, Michigan, United States. The company is among the three largest chemical producers in the world.
Dow manufactures plastic ...
also acquired of land in the 1970s.
By 1987 9,000 were employed in the South Humber bank area (excluding Grimsby-Cleethorpes, and rural north Lincolnshire).
During the 1990s
dash for gas The Dash for Gas was the 1990s shift by the newly privatized companies in the electricity sector of the United Kingdom towards generation of electricity using natural gas. Gas consumption peaked in 2001 and has been in decline since 2010.
The key ...
several gas turbine powered power stations with heat recovery steam generators were built in the area, including several gigawatt class output units:
National Power
National power is defined as the sum of all resources available to a nation in the pursuit of national objectives. Assessing the national power of political entities was already a matter of relevance during the classical antiquity, the middle ages ...
and
Powergen built adjacent 665 and 900 MW
combined cycle gas turbine
A combined cycle power plant is an assembly of heat engines that work in tandem from the same source of heat, converting it into mechanical energy. On land, when used to make electricity the most common type is called a combined cycle gas turb ...
(CCGT) power stations near North Killingholme in the early 1990s;
''Humber Power Ltd.'' built CCGT plant in two phases (1994–1999), with final power output 1.2 GW;
and ConocoPhillips built a
combined heat and power
Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) is the use of a heat engine or power station to generate electricity and useful heat at the same time.
Cogeneration is a more efficient use of fuel or heat, because otherwise- wasted heat from elect ...
plant using Gas turbine/HRSG/auxiliary boilers in two phases (opened 2004, about 730 MW and 2009, about 480 MW), used to supply heat (steam) to both the Lindsey and Humber refineries.
The
Humber Sea Terminal at North Killingholme Haven,
is a modern RO-RO port terminal based on an estuary pier with minimum water depth; as of 2014 the terminal is operated by Simon Group Ltd a subsidiary of
C.RO Ports SA. Six Ro-Ro terminals were developed in 2000 (1&2), 2003 (3&4) and 2007 (5&6).
Despite these developments the general character of the north Lincolnshire area in 1990 was agricultural, much of it large scale arable farming on high grade land, a pattern that is unchanged at the beginning of the 21st century.
South Ferriby – Immingham
Barton upon Humber
Barton-upon-Humber () or Barton is a town and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England. The population at the 2011 census was 11,066. It is situated on the south bank of the Humber Estuary at the southern end of the Humber Bridge. It is so ...
dates to the pre-
Norman Conquest
The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Norman, Breton, Flemish, and French troops, all led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conque ...
period, and was the location for a ferry crossing of the Humber from at least that period. The towns was once an important port, but declined after the establishment of
Kingston upon Hull
Kingston upon Hull, usually abbreviated to Hull, is a port city and unitary authority in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.
It lies upon the River Hull at its confluence with the Humber Estuary, inland from the North Sea and south-east ...
(). The town remained an important port for north Lincolnshire, and in 1801 had a population of around 1,700, more than Grimsby. Due to the presence of suitable soil, brick and tile making was carried out in the Barton area; in the 1840s one tilery had been established for over a hundred years; chalk was also quarried in the area, from at least 1790. Other industries in 1840 included
whiting manufacture, rope making, tanning, plus trade in agricultural produce.
Clay and chalk based industries
At Barton upon Humber clay had been extracted for tile making since at least the 18th century. Several brick and tile manufactures operated during the 19th century, with growth stimulated in part by the end of the
Brick tax
The brick tax was a property tax introduced in Great Britain in 1784, during the reign of King George III, to help pay for the wars in the American Colonies. Bricks were initially taxed at 2 s 6 d per thousand. The brick tax was eventually abol ...
in 1850. By 1892 works included ''Ness End'', ''West Field'', ''Humber Brick and Tile'', ''Barton'', ''Morris's'', ''Dinsdale-Ellis-Wilson'', ''Garside's'', ''Blyth's Ing'', ''Burton's'', ''Mackrill's (Briggs)'', ''Pioneer'', ''Hoe Hill'' and ''Spencer's''. The works extended along most of the Humber bank from Barton Cliff around 1 mile west of barton Haven to
Barrow Haven
Barrow Haven is a hamlet and small port in North Lincolnshire, England. It was the site of a former ferry crossing that spanned from the Humber Estuary to Hull, serving as a place for ships and boats crossing the Humber to moor away from the t ...
. The works reduced in number during the first half of the 20th century.
By the 1970 much of the foreshore had been extracted, and the majority of works were no longer active. Several of the works had industrial railways, generally connecting the workings to the works; in some cases clay was exported directly, such as that supplied to
G.T. Earle's cement works in
Wilmington, Kingston upon Hull
Wilmington is an industrial area east of the River Hull in Kingston upon Hull, England.
Geography
Wilmington is bounded by the River Hull to the west, with Wincolmlee and Sculcoates beyond; Stoneferry is to the north; and to the south is th ...
from the Humber Brick & Tile works ().
Many of the Barton brick and tile works closed in the 1950s.
As of 2009 the Blyth's tile works at Hoe Hill is still operational, producing tiles using non-modern methods at a small scale.
The clay extraction, and brick and tile industry extended further east along the Humber bank. There were further works at
Barrow Haven
Barrow Haven is a hamlet and small port in North Lincolnshire, England. It was the site of a former ferry crossing that spanned from the Humber Estuary to Hull, serving as a place for ships and boats crossing the Humber to moor away from the t ...
,
New Holland including the ''Old Ferry Brick Works'' and ''Barrow Tileries'' (Barrow); the ''Atlas'', and ''New Holland Stock brick'' works east of Barrow haven, the ''Quebec Brick & Tile works'' approximately 1.5 miles east of New Holland, and scattered works eastward on the bank as far as
South Killingholme Haven
South is one of the cardinal directions or compass points. The direction is the opposite of north and is perpendicular to both east and west.
Etymology
The word ''south'' comes from Old English ''sūþ'', from earlier Proto-Germanic ''*sunþaz ...
, as well as brick works as
South Ferriby
South Ferriby is a village in North Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the south bank of the Humber Estuary and west from the Humber Bridge. North Ferriby is directly opposite on the Estuary's north bank. Village population was 651 in ...
and along the
New River Ancholme near
Ferriby Sluice. A site at
East Halton was used to supply G.T. Earle's cement works in
Stoneferry,
whilst the same firm's Wilmington works was supplied with clay from pits near
North Killingholme Haven
North Killingholme Haven is a water outlet on the south bank of the Humber Estuary in the civil parish of North Killingholme, to the north-west of the Port of Immingham.
The area was used at the beginning of the 20th century for clay extraction ...
(1909–13), and later from pits between Barton and Barrow on Humber (1913–69).
In the 1890s George Henry Skelsey used funds from a public listing of his company to build a cement plant, ''Port Adamant Works'', at Barton, west of the Haven, replacing a site he had acquired in 1885 at Morley Street,
Stoneferry, Hull in the 1880s. Clay and chalk for the process were sourced on site, with chalk brought from the ''New Cliff chalk quarry'',
by a short narrow gauge rail line. Initially the plant had a capacity of around 330t per week, using
chamber kilns, supplemented by
shaft kiln
A kiln is a thermally insulated chamber, a type of oven, that produces temperatures sufficient to complete some process, such as hardening, drying, or chemical changes. Kilns have been used for millennia to turn objects made from clay int ...
s in around 1901 increasing weekly capacity by around 320 t. In 1911 the company became part of
British Portland Cement Manufacturers
Blue Circle Industries was a British public company manufacturing cement. It was founded in 1900 as the Associated Portland Cement Manufacturers Ltd through the fusion of 24 cement works, mostly around on the Thames and Medway estuaries, toget ...
, and a
rotary kiln
A rotary kiln is a pyroprocessing device used to raise materials to a high temperature (calcination) in a continuous process. Materials produced using rotary kilns include:
* Cement
* Lime
* Refractories
* Metakaolin
* Titanium dioxide
* Al ...
was installed in 1912 replacing the earlier kilns. The plant closed in 1927 after the acquisition and establishment by the parent company of the large
Humber Cement Works
Melton is a small village in the civil parish of Welton, East Riding of Yorkshire, Welton, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated about west of Kingston upon Hull city centre near to the Humber Estuary and about east of the village ...
and
Hope Cement Works.
Adjacent west of the New Cliff quarry was ''Barton Cliff Quarry'',
(chalk) also connected by a short rail line to the Humber foreshore; the quarry closed 1915.
To the south west was ''Leggott's Quarry'',
(also known as "Ferriby Quarry"), also connected by a short rail line to the foreshore. The two quarries supplied chalk, including to G.T. Earle's Stoneferry and Wilmington plants respectively.
In 1938
Eastwoods Ltd established a cement works near South Ferriby, west of Ferriby Sluice.
The initial plant consisted of a single
rotary kiln
A rotary kiln is a pyroprocessing device used to raise materials to a high temperature (calcination) in a continuous process. Materials produced using rotary kilns include:
* Cement
* Lime
* Refractories
* Metakaolin
* Titanium dioxide
* Al ...
with an output of around 200t per day by the
wet process. Chalk was supplied from a quarry, ''Middlegate quarry'',
south east of South Ferriby, which was crushed at the quarry and transported to the cement plant by
aerial ropeway
A material ropeway, ropeway conveyor (or aerial tramway in the US) is a subtype of gondola lift, from which containers for goods rather than passenger cars are suspended.
Description
Material ropeways are typically found around large mining conc ...
, whilst clay was supplied from west adjacent west of the plant. In 1962 the plant became part of
Rugby Portland Cement Co. Ltd
Rugby may refer to:
Sport
* Rugby football in many forms:
** Rugby league: 13 players per side
*** Masters Rugby League
*** Mod league
*** Rugby league nines
*** Rugby league sevens
*** Touch (sport)
*** Wheelchair rugby league
** Rugby union: 1 ...
. In 1967 a semi-
dry process rotary kiln was installed and the first kiln ceased operating. In 1974 the excavations at the chalk quarry were extended below the chalk through a relatively thin layer of
red chalk and
carrstone Carrstone (or carstone, also known as Silsoe, heathstone, ironstone or gingerbread) is a sedimentary sandstone conglomerate formed during the Cretaceous period. It varies in colour from light to dark rusty ginger. Used as a building stone it can be ...
to the underlying clay, which was also extracted for use in the process – a conveyor belt system was installed to transport the materials to plant; the clay extraction west of the plant then ceased. A second rotary kiln was added in 1978. Ownership passed to
Rugby Group
The Rugby Group is a group of 18 British public schools.
The group was formed in the 1960s as an association of major boarding schools within the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.
As with the Eton Group, which was formed a few years ...
(1979),
RMC (2000), and then to
CEMEX
CEMEX S.A.B. de C.V., known as Cemex, is a Mexican multinational building materials company headquartered in San Pedro, near Monterrey, Mexico. It manufactures and distributes cement, ready-mix concrete and aggregates in more than 50 countries. ...
2005.
A modern tile manufacturer ''Goxhill Tilieries'' (as of 2014 part of the
Wienerberger
Wienerberger AG is an Austrian brick maker which is the world’s largest producer of bricks, (Porotherm, Terca) and number one on the clay roof tile market (Koramic, Tondach) in Europe as well as concrete pavers (Semmelrock) in Central and Easter ...
group via
Sandtoft
Sandtoft is a hamlet in the civil parish of Belton, North Lincolnshire (Where the population is included), England.
Sandtoft is in Hatfield Chase on the Isle of Axholme, north-west from Epworth.
Sandtoft has a public house, The Reindeer In ...
) is located east of New Holland and north of
Goxhill
__NOTOC__
Goxhill is a large village and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish taken at the 2011 census was 2,290. It is situated east from Barton-upon-Humber and north-west from Immingham.
Goxhill ...
(near the former ''Quebec'' brickyard).
The company ''Sandtoft'' was established in 1904 as brick maker, and started tile production at Goxhill in 1934. Concrete tile manufacturing capacity was expanded during the 20th century.
BritAg fertilizers
A fertilizer works was established at Barton, near the river bank east of the Haven in 1874 by "The Farmers Company". In 1968 the owner A.C.C. (''
Associated Chemical Companies'') established new chemically based fertilizer production at the site,
including a 180t per day
Nitric acid
Nitric acid is the inorganic compound with the formula . It is a highly corrosive mineral acid. The compound is colorless, but older samples tend to be yellow cast due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen. Most commercially available nitri ...
plant, a 317t per day
ammonium nitrate
Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . It is a white crystalline salt consisting of ions of ammonium and nitrate. It is highly soluble in water and hygroscopic as a solid, although it does not form hydrates. It is ...
plant, plus a 475t per day fertilizer plant. In 1965 A.C.C. became a full subsidiary of
Albright and Wilson
Albright and Wilson was founded in 1856 as a United Kingdom manufacturer of potassium chlorate and white phosphorus for the match industry. For much of its first 100 years of existence, phosphorus-derived chemicals formed the majority of its prod ...
, including the Barton plant.
The fertilizer business of Albright and Wilson was acquired by
ICI in 1983, Loss of UK market share caused ICI to close the plant in the late 1980s, as well as other fertilizer production facilities.
Subsequently, the site was sold to Glanford borough, and later redeveloped together with former brick yards as a park ''Water's Edge''.
Other
In 1992
Kimberly-Clark
Kimberly-Clark Corporation is an American multinational personal care corporation that produces mostly paper-based consumer products. The company manufactures sanitary paper products and surgical & medical instruments. Kimberly-Clark brand n ...
established a large nappy mill outside Barton upon Humber,
the plant was built at a cost of about £100,000, for the manufacture of
Huggies
Huggies is an American company that sells disposable diapers and baby wipes that is marketed by Kimberly-Clark. Huggies were first test marketed in 1968, then introduced to the public in 1978 to replace the Kimbies brand.
Products
Huggies car ...
nappies. The plant was closed in 2013, due to the company ceasing most of its production of nappies in the European market. In August 2013
Wren Kitchens
Wren Kitchens is a privately owned British designer, manufacturer, and retailer of kitchens. It has 106 stores.
History
Wren Kitchens was founded in 2009. The management team behind Wren traded for 10 years in the United States before the ...
took over the site and began conversion of the factory space into head offices, plus manufacturing and warehousing. In April 2020, Wren began an extension project to its facility at the cost of £130 million.
There are also private wharfs at Barton-upon-Humber (Waterside),
Barrow Haven,
and New Holland.
Redevelopments
At the Barton foreshore directly west of Barton Haven the brick works had been closed and demolished by 1955, and an extension of a fertilizer works, BritAg, was built on the site. After closure the site was acquired by
Glanford Borough Council
Glanford was, from 1974 to 1996, a local government district with borough status in the non-metropolitan county of Humberside, England.
Creation
The district was created on 1 April 1974 as part of a general reform of local government in England ...
in from ICI for £335,000,
[Sources give either 1989 or 1991] indemnifying the company from any responsibility for cleaning up the site. Initially the council planned to reclaim and clean up the land, and establish an industrial estate on site. The local authority failed to gain funding for the redevelopment and cleanup, and in 1996 Glanford's successor
North Lincolnshire Council
North Lincolnshire Council is the local authority of North Lincolnshire. It is a unitary authority, having the powers of a non-metropolitan county and district council combined. It is one of fifty five unitary authorities. It provides a full rang ...
inherited the site and terminated the redevelopment plans due to their cost, instead undertaking to clean up the site and create a 'water park'. After remediation of the harmful chemical residues from the fertilizer operation the site was converted into a county part, ''Water's Edge'',
incorporating the worked out clay pits as reed beds.
Tile and brickyards east of Barton Haven which were abandoned in the 1950s now form part of the ''Far Ings National Nature Reserve'',
established in 1983 by the Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust.
From 2013/4 Leggott's (or Ferriby) quarry has been reused as an
airsoft
Airsoft is a team game in which participants eliminate opposing players by tag (game), tagging them out of play with airsoft pellets, spherical plastic projectiles shot with mock air gun, air weapons(usually powered by an electronic motor) call ...
recreation site.
See also
*
Fos-sur-Mer
Fos-sur-Mer (, literally ''Fos on Sea''; Provençal: ''Fòs'') is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in southern France.
Geography
Fos-sur-Mer is situated about north west of Marseille, on the Mediterranean coast, and to the west ...
(France),
Europoort
Europoort (, en, Eurogate, also "Europort") is an area of the Port of Rotterdam and the adjoining industrial area in the Netherlands. Being situated at Southside of the mouth of the rivers Rhine and Meuse with the hinterland consisting of the ...
(Netherlands) – similar estuarine areas with post war industrial development
Notes
References
Maps
Sources
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Further reading
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External links
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*{{citation, url = http://www.winteringham.info/Local_History/Building/Ferriby_Cliff_Quarry/ferriby_cliff_quarry.html, title = Ferriby Cliff Quarry , first = Val , last = Mercer, work = www.winteringham.info
Chemical plants of the United Kingdom
Economy of Lincolnshire
History of Lincolnshire
Humber
Humberside
Industry in England