Tina Manning (January 18, 1950 – February 12, 1979) was a

Paiute Paiute (; also Piute) refers to three non-contiguous groups of indigenous peoples of the Great Basin. Although their languages are related within the Numic group of Uto-Aztecan languages, these three groups do not form a single set. The term "Pai ...

Shoshone The Shoshone or Shoshoni ( or ) are a Native American tribe with four large cultural/linguistic divisions: * Eastern Shoshone: Wyoming * Northern Shoshone: southern Idaho * Western Shoshone: Nevada, northern Utah * Goshute: western Utah, easter ...

water rights activist and wife of

John Trudell John Trudell (February 15, 1946December 8, 2015) was a Native American author, poet, actor, musician, and political activist. He was the spokesperson for the Indians of All Tribes' takeover of Alcatraz beginning in 1969, broadcasting as ''Radi ...

.Mankiller and Wallis, p.209 Manning was the daughter of Arthur and Leah Hicks Manning. Her father had served as the tribal chairman of the Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the

Duck Valley Indian Reservation The Duck Valley Indian Reservation () was established in the 19th century for the federally recognized Shoshone-Paiute Tribe. It is isolated in the high desert of the western United States, and lies on the state line, the 42nd parallel, between ...

in northern

Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, Western region of the United States. It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. N ...

.Mankiller and Wallis, p.210 She graduated from

Bacone College Bacone College, formerly Bacone Indian University, is a private tribal college in Muskogee, Oklahoma. Founded in 1880 as the Indian University by missionary Almon C. Bacone, it was originally affiliated with the mission arm of what is now Americ ...

Muskogee, Oklahoma Muskogee () is the thirteenth-largest city in Oklahoma and the county seat of Muskogee County. Home to Bacone College, it lies approximately southeast of Tulsa. The population of the city was 36,878 as of the 2020 census, a 6.0 percent decrease ...

. On February 12, 1979, Manning perished along with her unborn baby Josiah Hawk, three other children; Ricarda Star, Sunshine Karma, and Eli Changing Sun, and her mother, in a house fire on the Duck Valley Reservation. Her father was the only survivor. The cause of the fire was never determined, but it was considered suspicious and deemed probable arson by John Trudell and others, as it took place the day after Trudell led a protest against the

F.B.I. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States and its principal federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Justice, t ...

in Washington, D.C.

References

Sources

*Hoxie, Fredrick E., Mancall, Peter C. and Merrell, James (2001). ''American Nations: Encounters in Indian Country, 1850 to the Present''. London: Routledge. * Mankiller, Wilma and Wallis, Michael. ''Mankiller: A Chief and Her People.'' New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999. . *Rowell, Andrew (1996). ''Green Backlash: Global Subversion of the Environment Movement''. London: Routledge. 1979 deaths Paiute people Shoshone people Native American activists People from Nye County, Nevada 20th-century Native Americans 20th-century Native American women 1950 births {{US-activist-stub