Timiskaming (former official designation Timiskaming 19) is a

First Nations First Nations or first peoples may refer to: * Indigenous peoples, for ethnic groups who are the earliest known inhabitants of an area. Indigenous groups *First Nations is commonly used to describe some Indigenous groups including: **First Natio ...

reserve Reserve or reserves may refer to: Places * Reserve, Kansas, a US city * Reserve, Louisiana, a census-designated place in St. John the Baptist Parish * Reserve, Montana, a census-designated place in Sheridan County * Reserve, New Mexico, a US vi ...

in the

Abitibi-Témiscamingue Abitibi-Témiscamingue () is an List of regions of Quebec, administrative region located in western Québec, Canada, along the border with Ontario. It became part of the province in 1898. It has a land area of and its population was 146,717 peo ...

region of

Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...

, Canada, just north of the head of

Lake Timiskaming Lake Timiskaming or Lake Temiskaming (french: Lac Témiscamingue) is a large freshwater lake on the provincial boundary between Ontario and Quebec, Canada. The lake, which forms part of the Ottawa River, is in length and covers an area of a ...

. It belongs to the Timiskaming First Nation, an

Algonquin Algonquin or Algonquian—and the variation Algonki(a)n—may refer to: Languages and peoples *Algonquian languages, a large subfamily of Native American languages in a wide swath of eastern North America from Canada to Virginia **Algonquin la ...

band. It is geographically within the

Témiscamingue Regional County Municipality Témiscamingue is a regional county municipality in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of western Quebec, Canada. The county seat is Ville-Marie. Though Témiscamingue borders Pontiac Regional County Municipality to the south, it is not possi ...

but administratively not part of it.

History

In 1853, following the proposed distribution by Commissioner of Crown Lands, John Rolph, the Governor General in Council,

Charles Monck, 4th Viscount Monck Charles Stanley Monck, 4th Viscount Monck (10 October 1819 – 29 November 1894) was an Irish politician who served as the last governor-general of the Province of Canada and the first Governor General of Canada after Canadian Confederation. ...

, assigned the Nipissing, Algonquin, and

Ottawa Ottawa (, ; Canadian French: ) is the capital city of Canada. It is located at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River in the southern portion of the province of Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the core ...

Indians of the Timiscaming region a reserve of , located along the

Ottawa River The Ottawa River (french: Rivière des Outaouais, Algonquin: ''Kichi-Sìbì/Kitchissippi'') is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It is named after the Algonquin word 'to trade', as it was the major trade route of Eastern ...

, and originally known as Temiscamingue Reserve. But piece-by-piece, the reserve was reduced in size when the Indians ceded lots back to the government in 1897, 1898, every year from 1905 to 1917, 1939, 1953, and 1955. But many of these surrenders are now being disputed.Natural Resources Canada - Legal Surveys Division, Historical Review
Timiskaming land title history
On October 23, 1999, the Quebec government officially recognized a name change from Timiscaming to Timiskaming. On July 30, 2002, the

Department of Indian Affairs Department may refer to: * Departmentalization, division of a larger organization into parts with specific responsibility Government and military *Department (administrative division), a geographical and administrative division within a country, ...

recognized that the reserve's name was changed to Timiskaming.

Demographics

Population

As of May 2022, the registered population of the Timiskaming First Nation is 2,519 members, of whom 648 live on the Timiskaming reserve and 1,871 live off reserve.

Language

Mother tongue: * English as first language: 87.5% * French as first language: 8.7% * English and French as first language: 1.9% * Other as first language: 1.9%

Economy

The reserve's economy is tied to the adjacent town of

Notre-Dame-du-Nord Notre-Dame-du-Nord is a municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec, located in the Témiscamingue Regional County Municipality. It is located at the northern end of Lake Timiskaming where the Ottawa River enters into this lake. The municipa ...

and mostly based on logging, farming, construction, and tourism. There are about 15 enterprises on the reserve. The Timiskaming First Nation administration employs about 70 persons.

Education

There is only one school on the reserve: Kiwetin School, providing pre-Kindergarten to grade 8. It had an enrolment of 65 students in 2008-2009.

References

{{authority control Algonquin Communities in Abitibi-Témiscamingue Indian reserves in Quebec