This is the timeline of the

Mongol Empire The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous land empire in history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Europe, ...

from the birth of Temüjin, later

Genghis Khan ''Chinggis Khaan'' ͡ʃʰiŋɡɪs xaːŋbr />Mongol script: ''Chinggis Qa(gh)an/ Chinggis Khagan'' , birth_name = Temüjin , successor = Tolui (as regent)Ögedei Khan , spouse = , issue = , house = Borjigin , ...

, to the ascension of

Kublai Khan Kublai ; Mongolian script: ; (23 September 1215 – 18 February 1294), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizu of Yuan and his regnal name Setsen Khan, was the founder of the Yuan dynasty of China and the fifth khagan-emperor of th ...

as emperor of the

Yuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty (), officially the Great Yuan (; xng, , , literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division. It was established by Kublai, the fifth ...

in 1271, though the title of Khagan continued to be used by the Yuan rulers into the

Northern Yuan dynasty The Northern Yuan () was a dynastic regime ruled by the Mongol Borjigin clan based in the Mongolian Plateau. It existed as a rump state after the collapse of the Yuan dynasty in 1368 and lasted until its conquest by the Jurchen-led Later Jin ...

, a far less powerful successor entity, until 1634.

12th century

1160s

1170s

1180s

1190s

13th century

1200s

1210s

1220s

1230s

1240s

1250s

1260s

1270s

Gallery

Image:East-Hem 1200ad.jpg,

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago a ...

on the eve of the Mongol invasions, ''c.'' 1200. File:Mongol 1209.png, Mongol invasion of Western Xia in 1209 File:1211-1215 Mongol invasion of Jin.jpg, Mongol invasion of the Jin dynasty (1211–1215) File:Genghis Khan's Middle Eastern campaigns 1216-1224.jpg,

's Central Asian campaigns (1216-1224) File:Mongol invasion of Georgia-en.png,

Mongol invasion of Georgia Mongol conquests of Kingdom of Georgia, which at that time consisted of Georgia proper, Armenia, and much of the Caucasus, involved multiple invasions and large-scale raids throughout the 13th century. The Mongol Empire first appeared in the ...

in 1221 and the

Battle of the Kalka River The Battle of the Kalka River (russian: Битва на реке Калке; uk, Битва на річці Калка) was fought between the Mongol Empire, whose armies were led by Jebe and Subutai, and a coalition of several Rus' principalit ...

in 1223 File:Mongol 1226-1227.png, Mongol invasion of Western Xia, 1226-1227 File:Genghis Khan empire-en.svg, Mongol Empire in 1227 at Genghis' death File:1230-1234 Mongol Invasion of Jin.jpg,

Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty The Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty, also known as the Mongol–Jin War, was fought between the Mongol Empire and the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in Manchuria and North China. The war, which started in 1211, lasted over 23 years and ended w ...

(1230–1234) File:Conquest of Jin.png, Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty (1211–1215, 1230–1234) File:1231 mongol invasion of korea.png, 1231 Mongol invasion of Goryeo File:1232 mongol invasion of korea.png, 1232 Mongol invasion of Goryeo File:1235 mongol invasion of korea.png, 1235 Mongol invasion of Goryeo File:1236-1242 Mongol invasions of Europe.jpg,

Mongol invasion of Europe From the 1220s into the 1240s, the Mongols conquered the Turkic states of Volga Bulgaria, Cumania, Alania, and the Kievan Rus' federation. Following this, they began their invasion into heartland Europe by launching a two-pronged invasion of ...

, 1236-1242 File:1240 Mongol Invasion of Tibet.jpg,

Mongol invasion of Tibet There were several Mongol invasions of Tibet. The earliest is the alleged plot to invade Tibet by Genghis Khan in 1206, which is considered anachronistic; there is no evidence of Mongol-Tibetan encounters prior to the military campaign in 1240 ...

in 1240 File:Mongol invasions of Anatolia 1231-1232, 1242-1243.jpg,

Mongol invasions of Anatolia Mongol invasions of Anatolia occurred at various times, starting with the campaign of 1241–1243 that culminated in the Battle of Köse Dağ. Real power over Anatolia was exercised by the Mongols after the Seljuks surrendered in 1243 until the ...

, 1231, 1242 File:1253 Mongol invasion of Korea.png, 1253 Mongol invasion of Goryeo File:1253-1260 Mongol Invasion of Middle East.jpg, Mongol invasion of the

Middle East The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabian Peninsula, Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Anatolia, Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Pro ...

(1253-1260) File:Chongquannguyenlan1.svg, 1st Mongol invasion of Vietnam (1257-1258) File:Mongol Song Wars.jpg, Mongol invasion of the

Song dynasty The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ...

(1234–79) File:Mongol Invasion of China.png, Mongol invasion of China (1205–1279) Image:Mongol dominions1.jpg, The

, ca. 1300. The gray area is the later

Timurid empire The Timurid Empire ( chg, , fa, ), self-designated as Gurkani ( Chagatai: کورگن, ''Küregen''; fa, , ''Gūrkāniyān''), was a PersianateB.F. Manz, ''"Tīmūr Lang"'', in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Online Edition, 2006 Turco-Mongol empire ...

References

Citations

Sources

* . * * * * (alk. paper) * * * * * * (paperback). * * * * . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{Timelines of Chinese history History of the Mongol Empire