The following is a timeline of the
history
History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...
of the city of
Kaliningrad
Kaliningrad ( ; rus, Калининград, p=kəlʲɪnʲɪnˈɡrat, links=y), until 1946 known as Königsberg (; rus, Кёнигсберг, Kyonigsberg, ˈkʲɵnʲɪɡzbɛrk; rus, Короле́вец, Korolevets), is the largest city and ...
, Russia. The city was known as ''
Königsberg
Königsberg (, ) was the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Königsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was named ...
'' ( pl, Królewiec, lt, Karaliaučius) prior to 1945 and ''
Twangste'' prior to 1255.
Era of Teutonic Order
* 1255 –
Fortress
A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ...
built by
Teutonic Knights
The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem, commonly known as the Teutonic Order, is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. It was formed to aid Christians on ...
during
Prussian Crusade
The Prussian Crusade was a series of 13th-century campaigns of Roman Catholic crusaders, primarily led by the Teutonic Knights, to Christianize under duress the pagan Old Prussians. Invited after earlier unsuccessful expeditions against the Pruss ...
, on the basis of a Prussian settlement Twangste.
* 1256 –
Settlement
Settlement may refer to:
*Human settlement, a community where people live
*Settlement (structural), the distortion or disruption of parts of a building
*Closing (real estate), the final step in executing a real estate transaction
*Settlement (fina ...
formed north of the fortress.
* 1262 –
Prussians begin to
besiege
A siege is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition, or a well-prepared assault. This derives from la, sedere, lit=to sit. Siege warfare is a form of constant, low-intensity conflict characterize ...
castle
A castle is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by military orders. Scholars debate the scope of the word ''castle'', but usually consider it to be the private fortified r ...
during the
Great Prussian Uprising
The Prussian uprisings were two major and three smaller uprisings by the Old Prussians, one of the Balts, Baltic tribes, against the Teutonic Knights that took place in the 13th century during the Prussian Crusade. The crusading Military order ( ...
.
* 1264 –
Settlement
Settlement may refer to:
*Human settlement, a community where people live
*Settlement (structural), the distortion or disruption of parts of a building
*Closing (real estate), the final step in executing a real estate transaction
*Settlement (fina ...
developed south of the castle.
* 1286 –
Königsberg
Königsberg (, ) was the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Königsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was named ...
chartered.
* 1300 – Town of
Löbenicht View of Löbenicht from the Pregel, including its church and gymnasium, as well as the nearby Propsteikirche
Löbenicht ( lt, Lyvenikė; pl, Lipnik) was a quarter of central Königsberg, Germany. During the Middle Ages it was the weakest of ...
built.
* 1324 – Town of
Kneiphof
Coat of arms of Kneiphof
Postcard of Kneiphöfsche Langgasse
Reconstruction of Kneiphof in Kaliningrad's museum
Kneiphof (russian: Кнайпхоф; pl, Knipawa; lt, Knypava) was a quarter of central Königsberg (Kaliningrad). During the M ...
founded.
* 1333 - Construction of
Königsberg Cathedral
, infobox_width =
, image = Kaliningrad 05-2017 img04 Kant Island.jpg
, image_size =
, alt =
, caption = Front (west side) of the cathedral
, map_type =
, map_ ...
begins.
* 1340 – Königsberg joins
Hanseatic League
The Hanseatic League (; gml, Hanse, , ; german: label=Modern German, Deutsche Hanse) was a medieval commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Central and Northern Europe. Growing from a few North German to ...
.
* 1377 – Köttelbrücke (bridge) built.
* 1379 (or 1397) – Schmiedebrücke (bridge) built.
* 1380 –
Cathedral
A cathedral is a church that contains the '' cathedra'' () of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually specific to those Christian denomination ...
built in Kneiphof (approximate date).
* 1387 –
Kneiphof Town Hall
Kneiphof Town Hall (german: Kneiphöfisches Rathaus) was the town hall of insular Kneiphof, first an independent town and later a quarter of Königsberg, Germany. It served as Königsberg's city hall from 1724 to 1927, after which it became a mus ...
renovated.
15th century
* 1440 – The city becomes a founding member of the anti-Teutonic
Prussian Confederation
The Prussian Confederation (german: Preußischer Bund, pl, Związek Pruski) was an organization formed on 21 February 1440 at Kwidzyn (then officially ''Marienwerder'') by a group of 53 nobles and clergy and 19 cities in Prussia, to oppose the a ...
.
* 1454
** March: Inclusion of the city, in Polish known as ''Królewiec'', within the borders of the
Kingdom of Poland
The Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Królestwo Polskie; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a state in Central Europe. It may refer to:
Historical political entities
*Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom existing from 1025 to 1031
*Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom exist ...
following a request of the Prussian Confederation.
** March: The local mayor pledged allegiance to the Polish King during the incorporation of the region in
Kraków
Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...
.
** March: City authorized by the Polish king to mint Polish coins.
** April: City becomes the capital of the
Królewiec Voivodeship within Poland.
* 1455 – Captured by Teutonic Knights during the
Thirteen Years' War.
* 1457 – City becomes capital of the
State of the Teutonic Order
The State of the Teutonic Order (german: Staat des Deutschen Ordens, ; la, Civitas Ordinis Theutonici; lt, Vokiečių ordino valstybė; pl, Państwo zakonu krzyżackiego), also called () or (), was a medieval Crusader state, located in Centr ...
.
* 1464 – Georg Steinhaupt becomes mayor.
* 1465 – Landing force from Polish-allied
Elbląg
Elbląg (; german: Elbing, Old Prussian: ''Elbings'') is a city in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland, located in the eastern edge of the Żuławy region with 117,390 inhabitants, as of December 2021. It is the capital of Elbląg County.
...
destroyed the shipyard near the Old Town, preventing the Teutonic Knights from rebuilding their fleet until the end of the Thirteen Years' War.
* 1466 –
Second Treaty of Thorn
The Peace of Thorn or Toruń of 1466, also known as the Second Peace of Thorn or Toruń ( pl, drugi pokój toruński; german: Zweiter Friede von Thorn), was a peace treaty signed in the Hanseatic city of Thorn (Toruń) on 19 October 1466 betwe ...
: the city becomes a part of Poland as a
fief
A fief (; la, feudum) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law. It consisted of a form of property holding or other rights granted by an Lord, overlord to a vassal, who held it in fealty or "in fee" in return for a for ...
held by the Teutonic Order.
16th century
* 1519–21 –
Polish-Teutonic War. The city opposed the Teutonic Knights' war against Poland and demanded peace.
* 1520 –
Mikolaj Firlej lays siege to the town
* 1521–24 – Secularization of the Teutonic Order
* 1523 –
Printing press
A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a printing, print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. It marked a dramatic improvement on earlier printing methods in wh ...
in operation.
* 1525 –
Treaty of Kraków
The Treaty of Kraków was signed on 8 April 1525 between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. It officially ended the Polish–Teutonic War.John Freely Celestial Revolutionary: Copernicus, the Man and His Universe ...
: Königsberg/Królewiec becomes the capital of the
Duchy of Prussia
The Duchy of Prussia (german: Herzogtum Preußen, pl, Księstwo Pruskie, lt, Prūsijos kunigaikštystė) or Ducal Prussia (german: Herzogliches Preußen, link=no; pl, Prusy Książęce, link=no) was a duchy in the Prussia (region), region of P ...
,
Albert
Albert may refer to:
Companies
* Albert (supermarket), a supermarket chain in the Czech Republic
* Albert Heijn, a supermarket chain in the Netherlands
* Albert Market, a street market in The Gambia
* Albert Productions, a record label
* Albert ...
becomes first
Duke of Prussia
The monarchs of Prussia were members of the House of Hohenzollern who were the hereditary rulers of the former German state of Prussia from its founding in 1525 as the Duchy of Prussia. The Duchy had evolved out of the Teutonic Order, a Roman C ...
[ as a vassal of Poland. Treaty confirmed by city representatives.
* 1529 – Castle Library established
* 1542 – Pedagogium founded by Albert Hohenzollern in Kneiphof
* 1544 – ]Albertina University
The Albertina is a museum in the Innere Stadt (First District) of Vienna, Austria. It houses one of the largest and most important print rooms in the world with approximately 65,000 drawings and approximately 1 million old master prints, as well ...
(Lutheran) founded by Albert, Duke of Prussia
Albert of Prussia (german: Albrecht von Preussen; 17 May 149020 March 1568) was a German prince who was the 37th Grand Masters of the Teutonic Knights, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, who after converting to Lutheranism, became the first r ...
.
* 1545 – Oldest Polish catechism published by Jan Seklucjan
Jan Seklucjan (born either in 1498 or around 1510, died 1578) (also known as ''Jan from Siekluki'', ''Seclucian'', ''Seclucianus'') was a Polish Lutheran theologian, an activist in the Protestant Reformation in Poland and Ducal Prussia (a Polish f ...
.
* 1547 – Catechism of Martynas Mažvydas
The ''Simple Words of Catechism'' ( lt, Katekizmo paprasti žodžiai) by Martynas Mažvydas is the first printed book in the Lithuanian language. It was printed on 8 January 1547 by Hans Weinreich in Königsberg. The 79-page book followed the t ...
published.
* 1550 – Population: 14,000.
* 1553 – Oldest Polish translation of the New Testament
The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christ ...
, by Stanisław Murzynowski
Stanisław Murzynowski (born 1527/8 in the village of Suszyce, died 1553 in Königsberg (Królewiec, today Kaliningrad)) was a Polish writer, translator and a Lutheran activist during the Protestant Reformation. Murzynowski came from a Polish nobl ...
, published.
* 1560 – 28 March: King Sigismund II Augustus
Sigismund II Augustus ( pl, Zygmunt II August, lt, Žygimantas Augustas; 1 August 1520 – 7 July 1572) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, the son of Sigismund I the Old, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548. He was the first ruler ...
of Poland confers university privileges on the Albertina University, on a par with the Jagiellonian University
The Jagiellonian University (Polish: ''Uniwersytet Jagielloński'', UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1364 by King Casimir III the Great, it is the oldest university in Poland and the 13th oldest university in ...
.
* 1561 – First acquisition of citizenship in the city by a Scot
The Scots ( sco, Scots Fowk; gd, Albannaich) are an ethnic group and nation native to Scotland. Historically, they emerged in the early Middle Ages from an amalgamation of two Celtic-speaking peoples, the Picts and Gaels, who founded t ...
.
* 1566
** Duke Albert attempted to introduce absolutist rule in violation of the Treaty of Kraków.
** August–October: Stay and intervention of Polish Royal commissioners, restoration of the previous legal order.
** 4 October: Decree expanding the rights of Polish rulers and of the nobility and cities in the duchy.
** 22 October: Decree settling the city's conflict with Duke Albert, instituted by Polish Royal commissioners.
* 1568 – March: Albert Frederick
Albert Frederick (german: Albrecht Friedrich; pl, Albrecht Fryderyk; 7 May 1553 – 27 August 1618) was the Duke of Prussia, from 1568 until his death. He was a son of Albert of Prussia and Anna Marie of Brunswick-Lüneburg. He was the secon ...
becomes Duke of Prussia.
* 1577 – City opposes the regency of George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
George Frederick of Brandenburg-Ansbach (german: Georg Friedrich der Ältere; 5 April 1539 in Ansbach – 25 April 1603) was Margrave of Ansbach and Bayreuth, as well as Regent of Prussia. He was the son of George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach a ...
.
* 1579 – Renewed city resistance to the regency of George Frederick. The city supports the nobility's request to the Polish King to send a Polish Royal Commission to the city.
* 1580 – Arrival of George Frederick to establish his rule.
* 1590 – Green Bridge rebuilt.
* 1594 – Schlosskirche (castle church) dedicated
17th century
* 1616 – A Catholic church erected by order of King Sigismund III Vasa
Sigismund III Vasa ( pl, Zygmunt III Waza, lt, Žygimantas Vaza; 20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632
N.S.) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632 and, as Sigismund, King of Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland from 1592 to ...
and the bishop of Warmia
Warmia ( pl, Warmia; Latin: ''Varmia'', ''Warmia''; ; Warmian: ''Warńija''; lt, Varmė; Old Prussian: ''Wārmi'') is both a historical and an ethnographic region in northern Poland, forming part of historical Prussia. Its historic capitals ...
* 1618 – Duchy of Prussia passes under control of Electors of Brandenburg
This article lists the Margraves and Electors of Brandenburg during the period of time that Brandenburg was a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire.
The Mark, or ''March'', of Brandenburg was one of the primary constituent states of the Hol ...
, August: John Sigismund becomes Duke of Prussia
* 1619 – December: George William becomes Duke of Prussia
* 1626 – City walls built.
* 1629 – City refuses to pay taxes to the duchy.
* 1632 – King Władysław IV Vasa
Władysław IV Vasa; lt, Vladislovas Vaza; sv, Vladislav IV av Polen; rus, Владислав IV Ваза, r=Vladislav IV Vaza; la, Ladislaus IV Vasa or Ladislaus IV of Poland (9 June 1595 – 20 May 1648) was King of Poland, Grand Duke of ...
of Poland supports the city in its dispute with Duke George William.
* 1635
** January: Agreement between the King of Poland and the city, granting the city the right to organize its military defense against a possible Swedish
Swedish or ' may refer to:
Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically:
* Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland
** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...
attack in exchange for exemption from taxes.
** July: Visit of King Władysław IV Vasa.
** July: Jerzy Ossoliński
Prince Jerzy Ossoliński h. Topór (15 December 1595 – 9 August 1650) was a Polish nobleman (''szlachcic''), Crown Court Treasurer from 1632, governor (''voivode'') of Sandomierz from 1636, ''Reichsfürst'' (Imperial Prince) since 1634, Crown ...
appointed the Polish governor of the duchy by King Władysław IV Vasa.
** Jerzy Ossoliński completes the fortification of the city against a potential Swedish attack.
* 1636 – Visit of King Władysław IV Vasa.
* 1640 – December: Frederick William becomes Duke of Prussia
* 1647 – Neurossgarten Church Neurossgarten Church (german: Neuroßgärter or Neuroßgärtner Kirche) was a Protestant church in northwestern Königsberg, Germany.
History
The church was approved in 1643 because of the growing size of Altstadt Church. Construction began on 31 ...
dedicated
* 1657
** Brandenburg Gate
The Brandenburg Gate (german: Brandenburger Tor ) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after restoring the Orangist power by suppressing the Dutch popular unrest. One ...
built.
** Fort Friedrichsburg
300px, Friedrichsburg is situated in the western Pregel in this map of Königsberg from 1905.
300px, Fort Friedrichsburg in modern Kaliningrad
Fort Friedrichsburg or Feste Friedrichsburg was a fort in Königsberg, Germany. The only remnant of th ...
under construction
** City opposes the rule of Elector Frederick William, and sides with Poland.
* 1662
** City sends a letter to King John II Casimir Vasa
John II Casimir ( pl, Jan II Kazimierz Waza; lt, Jonas Kazimieras Vaza; 22 March 1609 – 16 December 1672) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1648 until his abdication in 1668 as well as titular King of Sweden from 1648 ...
of Poland, opposing the rule of Elector Frederick William.
** 8 July: Confederation formed in the city to maintain Poland's sovereignty over the city and region.
** 27 October: The Brandenburg Elector and his army enter the city.
** 30 October: Hieronymus Roth
Hieronymus Roth (1606–1678) was a lawyer and alderman of Königsberg (Polish: ''Królewiec'', modern day Kaliningrad) who led the city burghers in opposition to Elector Frederick William.
In the Treaty of Oliva of 1660 the Elector had managed ...
, leader of the city's anti-Elector opposition, abducted by Brandenburg forces, and then imprisoned.
* 1663 – City burghers, forced by Frederick William, swear an oath of allegiance to him, however, in the same ceremony they still also pledge allegiance to Poland.
* 1688 – April: Frederick Frederick may refer to:
People
* Frederick (given name), the name
Nobility
Anhalt-Harzgerode
*Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode (1613–1670)
Austria
* Frederick I, Duke of Austria (Babenberg), Duke of Austria from 1195 to 1198
* Frederi ...
becomes Duke of Prussia.
18th century
* 1701
** 18 January: Coronation of Frederick I of Prussia
Frederick I (german: Friedrich I.; 11 July 1657 – 25 February 1713), of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was (as Frederick III) Elector of Brandenburg (1688–1713) and Duke of Prussia in personal union ( Brandenburg-Prussia). The latter function h ...
in the Schlosskirche.
** Capital of Duchy of Prussia
The Duchy of Prussia (german: Herzogtum Preußen, pl, Księstwo Pruskie, lt, Prūsijos kunigaikštystė) or Ducal Prussia (german: Herzogliches Preußen, link=no; pl, Prusy Książęce, link=no) was a duchy in the Prussia (region), region of P ...
relocated from Königsberg to Berlin.
* 1709 – Plague.
* 1718
** City Library opens.
** '' Poczta Królewiecka'' Polish-language newspaper begins publication (ceased in 1720).
* 1724
** 22 April: Birth of Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (, , ; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and ...
, philosopher.
** June: City of Königsberg expanded by uniting Altstadt
''Altstadt'' is the German language word for "old town", and generally refers to the historical town or city centre within the old town or city wall, in contrast to younger suburbs outside. '' Neustadt'' (new town), the logical opposite of ''Alt ...
, Kneiphof
Coat of arms of Kneiphof
Postcard of Kneiphöfsche Langgasse
Reconstruction of Kneiphof in Kaliningrad's museum
Kneiphof (russian: Кнайпхоф; pl, Knipawa; lt, Knypava) was a quarter of central Königsberg (Kaliningrad). During the M ...
, and Löbenicht View of Löbenicht from the Pregel, including its church and gymnasium, as well as the nearby Propsteikirche
Löbenicht ( lt, Lyvenikė; pl, Lipnik) was a quarter of central Königsberg, Germany. During the Middle Ages it was the weakest of ...
.
** Königsberg City Archive
The Königsberg City Archive (german: Stadtarchiv Königsberg) was the municipal archive of Königsberg, Germany.
The towns of Altstadt (Königsberg), Altstadt, Kneiphof, and Löbenicht were united to form the city of Königsberg in 1724. The cit ...
is located in the Town Hall
In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or a municipal building (in the Philippines), is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. It usually houses ...
(approximate date).
* 1735 – Math problem "Seven Bridges of Königsberg
The Seven Bridges of Königsberg is a historically notable problem in mathematics. Its negative resolution by Leonhard Euler in 1736 laid the foundations of graph theory and prefigured the idea of topology.
The city of Königsberg in Prussia (n ...
" presented.
* 1756 – Synagogue
A synagogue, ', 'house of assembly', or ', "house of prayer"; Yiddish: ''shul'', Ladino: or ' (from synagogue); or ', "community". sometimes referred to as shul, and interchangeably used with the word temple, is a Jewish house of worshi ...
built.
* 1758
** 16 January: Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
forces enter
Enter or ENTER may refer to:
* Enter key, on computer keyboards
* Enter, Netherlands, a village
* ''Enter'' (magazine), an American technology magazine for children 1983–1985
* ''Enter'' (Finnish magazine), a Finnish computer magazine
* Enter ...
city.
** 24 January: City becomes part of Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
.
* 1764 – Russian occupation ends.
* 1765 – Gumbinnen Gate built.
* 1780 – Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel becomes mayor.
* 1790 – Königshalle built.
19th century
* 1804 – 12 February: Death of Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (, , ; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and ...
, philosopher.
* 1807 – French in power.
* 1809 – Paradeplatz
Paradeplatz is a square on Bahnhofstrasse in downtown Zürich, Switzerland. It is one of the most expensive pieces of real estate in Switzerland and has become synonymous with wealth and the Swiss banks, being the location of the headquarters ...
city garden established.
* 1810 – August Wilhelm Heidemann becomes mayor.
* 1812 – School of church music founded.
* 1813 – Koenigsberg Observatory
Koenigsberg Observatory (german: Sternwarte Königsberg; Königsberger Universitätssternwarte; obs. code: 058) was an astronomical observatory and research facility which was attached to the Albertina University in Königsberg, what is now Kalin ...
built.
* 1814 – Carl Friedrich Horn becomes mayor.
* 1826 – Johann Friedrich List becomes mayor.
* 1828 – Royal and University Library formed.
* 1830 – Population: 54,000.
* 1831 – Polish poet Wincenty Pol
Wincenty Pol (20 April 1807 – 2 December 1872) was a Polish poet and geographer.
Life
Pol was born in Lublin (then in Galicia), to Franz Pohl (or Poll), a German in the Austrian service, and his wife Eleonora Longchamps de Berier, from a Fr ...
interned in the city following the unsuccessful Polish November Uprising
The November Uprising (1830–31), also known as the Polish–Russian War 1830–31 or the Cadet Revolution,
was an armed rebellion in the heartland of partitioned Poland against the Russian Empire. The uprising began on 29 November 1830 in W ...
. He wrote his first poems there.
* 1833 – University
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...
's Department of Chemistry opens in Neurossgarten Neurossgarten (german: Neuroßgarten) was a quarter of northwestern Königsberg, Germany. Its territory is now part of Kaliningrad, Russia.
History
The name ''Neuroßgarten'' means "new horse pasture" in German, with the eastern Königsberg suburb ...
.
* 1838 – Rudolf von Auerswald
Rudolf Ludwig Cäsar von Auerswald (1 September 1795 – 15 January 1866) was a German official who served as Prime Minister of Prussia during the Revolution of 1848. Later, during the ministry of Charles Anthony, Prince of Hohenzollern, he le ...
becomes mayor.
* 1845
** Union Giesserei foundry in business.
** New Altstadt Church
The New Altstadt Church (german: Neue Altstädtische Kirche), also known simply as Altstadt Church, was a Protestant church in the Altstadt quarter of Königsberg, Germany. It was built as a replacement for the dismantled medieval Altstadt Church ...
dedicated.
** Art academy opens.
* 1851 – Grolman Bastion built.
* 1855
** Sailing Club
A yacht club is a sports club specifically related to yachting.
Description
Yacht clubs are mostly located by the sea, although there some that have been established at a lake or riverside locations. Yacht or sailing clubs have either a mari ...
founded.
** Rossgarten Gate
The Rossgarten Gate (russian: Росгартенские ворота, tr.: ''Rosgartenskie vorota''; german: Roßgärter Tor) is one of seven surviving city gates of Kaliningrad, Russia, formerly the German city of Königsberg. It is located at t ...
rebuilt.
* 1856 – Königsberg Cathedral
, infobox_width =
, image = Kaliningrad 05-2017 img04 Kant Island.jpg
, image_size =
, alt =
, caption = Front (west side) of the cathedral
, map_type =
, map_ ...
restored.
* 1858 – Dohna Tower built.
* 1860 – Astronomic Bastion built.
* 1861
** 18 October: Coronation of William I, German Emperor
William I or Wilhelm I (german: Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig; 22 March 1797 – 9 March 1888) was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and German Emperor from 18 January 1871 until his death in 1888. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he was the f ...
, in the Schlosskirche.
** Albertina University
The Albertina is a museum in the Innere Stadt (First District) of Vienna, Austria. It houses one of the largest and most important print rooms in the world with approximately 65,000 drawings and approximately 1 million old master prints, as well ...
new campus dedicated.
* 1863–1864 – Arms trafficking for Polish insurgents during the January Uprising
The January Uprising ( pl, powstanie styczniowe; lt, 1863 metų sukilimas; ua, Січневе повстання; russian: Польское восстание; ) was an insurrection principally in Russia's Kingdom of Poland that was aimed at ...
in the Russian Partition
The Russian Partition ( pl, zabór rosyjski), sometimes called Russian Poland, constituted the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that were annexed by the Russian Empire in the course of late-18th-century Partitions of Po ...
of Poland, co-organized by Wojciech Kętrzyński
Wojciech Kętrzyński (born Adalbert von Winkler; 11 July 1838 – 15 January 1918), was a Polish historian and the director of the Ossolineum Library in Lemberg, then the capital of Galicia, Austrian Empire. He focused on Polish history at a ...
.
* 1867 – Population: 101,507.
* 1875
** Johann Karl Adolf Selke becomes mayor.
** Königsberg Stock Exchange
The Königsberg Stock Exchange (russian: Здание кёнигсбергской биржи, Zdaniye kyonigsbergskoy birzhi; german: Königsberger Börse) is a former stock exchange in Kaliningrad, Russia. One of the few buildings in central ...
built in Vorstadt
In German, a Vorstadt is an area of a city that is outside the Altstadt (city center) but tightly connected to it and densely populated, thus distinguishing itself from a ''Vorort'' (suburb).
Historically, a ''Vorstadt'' ("suburb" in German) was ...
.
* 1878 – ''Königsberger Allgemeine Zeitung'' (newspaper) in publication.
* 1880
** Bronsart Fort built.
** Population: 140,800.
* 1883 – High Bridge rebuilt.
* 1886 – Siemering Museum established.
* 1889 – Eisenbahnbrücke (bridge) opens.
* 1890 – Population: 161,666.
* 1892 – Baltika Stadium
Baltika Stadium (russian: Балтика стадион, ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Kaliningrad, Russia, that was home to FC Baltika Kaliningrad. The capacity of the stadium is 14,660, making it an average-sized stadium in the Russian First Di ...
opens.
* 1893 – Hermann Theodor Hoffmann becomes mayor.
* 1896 – Zoo
A zoo (short for zoological garden; also called an animal park or menagerie) is a facility in which animals are kept within enclosures for public exhibition and often bred for Conservation biology, conservation purposes.
The term ''zoological g ...
founded.
* 1897 – ''Königsberger Tageblatt'' (newspaper) in publication.
* 1898 – Palaestra Albertina established.
* 1900
** Football Club Königsberg formed.
** Population: 187,897.
20th century
1900-1945
* 1901
** Queen Louise Memorial Church and Pillau
Baltiysk (russian: Балти́йск; german: Pillau; Old Prussian: ''Pillawa''; pl, Piława; lt, Piliava; Yiddish: פּילאַווע, ''Pilave'') is a seaport town and the administrative center of Baltiysky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Rus ...
-Königsberg canal built.
** ' (newspaper) in publication.
* 1903 – Siegfried Körte becomes mayor.
* 1905 - Population: 219,862.
* 1906 – Bismarck tower
A Bismarck tower (german: Bismarckturm) is a specific type of monument built according to a more or less standard model across Germany to honour its first chancellor, Otto von Bismarck (d. 1898). A total of 234 of these towers were inventoried b ...
built near city.
* 1907 – Church of the Holy Family
Church may refer to:
Religion
* Church (building), a building for Christian religious activities
* Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination
* Church service, a formalized period of Christian communal worship
* C ...
built.
* 1912 – Stadthalle opens.
* 1913
** New Tragheim Church dedicated.
** Kunsthalle Königsberg
The Kunsthalle Königsberg was an art museum (''Kunsthalle'') in Königsberg.
Eduard Anderson, head of Königsberg's art association (''Kunstverein''), led the efforts to establish an exhibition hall in the city. A total of 80,000 German gold mark ...
(art gallery) opens.
* 1914 – City bombed by Russian forces.
* 1919
** Hans Lohmeyer becomes mayor.
** City becomes part of the German Reich
German ''Reich'' (lit. German Realm, German Empire, from german: Deutsches Reich, ) was the constitutional name for the German nation state that existed from 1871 to 1945. The ''Reich'' became understood as deriving its authority and sovereignty ...
.
** Population: 260,895.
* 1920 – 24 April: Consulate of Poland opened.
* 1921 – Königsberg Devau Airport opens.
* 1927 – City Hall
In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or a municipal building (in the Philippines), is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. It usually houses ...
relocated to Hansaplatz.
* 1928 – Königsberg City Museum
The former Kneiphof Town Hall housed the Königsberg City Museum
The Königsberg City Museum (german: Stadtgeschichtliches Museum) was a local museum in Königsberg, Germany.
Kneiphof Town Hall had served as the city hall for united Königsber ...
opens.
* 1929 – Central railway terminal opens.
* 1931 – Last Polish book in the pre-1945 city published.
* 1933 – Hellmuth Will becomes mayor.
* 1934 – Hansaplatz renamed Adolf-Hitler-Platz.
* 1939
** Lasch Bunker built in Paradeplatz
Paradeplatz is a square on Bahnhofstrasse in downtown Zürich, Switzerland. It is one of the most expensive pieces of real estate in Switzerland and has become synonymous with wealth and the Swiss banks, being the location of the headquarters ...
.
** Population: 368,433.
** 25 August: The local Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...
issued an arrest warrant for all Polish teachers in the region.
** August–September: Persecution of Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Ce ...
, incl. mass arrests of Polish students and arrests of local Polish consul Jerzy Warchełowski and attaché
In diplomacy, an attaché is a person who is assigned ("to be attached") to the diplomatic or administrative staff of a higher placed person or another service or agency. Although a loanword from French, in English the word is not modified accor ...
Witold Winiarski.
** October: The Germans established a forced labour
Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, violence including death, or other forms of ex ...
camp for Romani people
The Romani (also spelled Romany or Rromani , ), colloquially known as the Roma, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group, traditionally nomadic itinerants. They live in Europe and Anatolia, and have diaspora populations located worldwide, with sig ...
.
* 1941 – 1 September: Aerial bombing
A bomb is an explosive weapon that uses the exothermic reaction of an explosive material to provide an extremely sudden and violent release of energy. Detonations inflict damage principally through ground- and atmosphere-transmitted mechanica ...
by Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
forces begins.
* 1942 – 24 June: The Nazi SS sends the first deportation of Jews
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
from Königsberg and the province of East Prussia to extermination camps
Nazi Germany used six extermination camps (german: Vernichtungslager), also called death camps (), or killing centers (), in Central Europe during World War II to systematically murder over 2.7 million peoplemostly Jewsin the Holocaust. The v ...
.
* 1944
** August: Aerial bombing
A bomb is an explosive weapon that uses the exothermic reaction of an explosive material to provide an extremely sudden and violent release of energy. Detonations inflict damage principally through ground- and atmosphere-transmitted mechanica ...
by British
British may refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies.
** Britishness, the British identity and common culture
* British English, ...
forces; city extensively damaged.
** 19 August: The Germans established a subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp
Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the village of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Danzig (Gdańsk) in the territory of the German-a ...
, in which around 500 Jews
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
were subjected to forced labour.
* 1945
** January: Subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp dissolved.[
** January: ]Battle of Königsberg
The Battle of Königsberg, also known as the Königsberg offensive, was one of the last operations of the East Prussian offensive during World War II. In four days of urban warfare, Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front and the 3rd Belorussia ...
begins.
** February: Metgethen massacre
The Metgethen massacre (german: Massaker von Metgethen) was a massacre of Germany, German civilians by the Red Army in the Königsberg, East Prussia, suburb Metgethen, which is now Imeni Alexandra Kosmodemyanskogo in Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast, c ...
.
** 9 April: Battle of Königsberg
The Battle of Königsberg, also known as the Königsberg offensive, was one of the last operations of the East Prussian offensive during World War II. In four days of urban warfare, Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front and the 3rd Belorussia ...
ends; Soviets in power.
1946-1990s
* 1946
** April: City becomes part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...
, per Potsdam Agreement
The Potsdam Agreement (german: Potsdamer Abkommen) was the agreement between three of the Allies of World War II: the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union on 1 August 1945. A product of the Potsdam Conference, it concerned th ...
.
** City renamed Kaliningrad
Kaliningrad ( ; rus, Калининград, p=kəlʲɪnʲɪnˈɡrat, links=y), until 1946 known as Königsberg (; rus, Кёнигсберг, Kyonigsberg, ˈkʲɵnʲɪɡzbɛrk; rus, Короле́вец, Korolevets), is the largest city and ...
after Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
Mikhail Kalinin
Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (russian: link=no, Михаи́л Ива́нович Кали́нин ; 3 June 1946), known familiarly by Soviet citizens as "Kalinych", was a Soviet politician and Old Bolshevik revolutionary. He served as head of s ...
.
** City becomes seat of the newly formed Kaliningrad Oblast
Kaliningrad Oblast (russian: Калинингра́дская о́бласть, translit=Kaliningradskaya oblast') is the westernmost federal subject of Russia. It is a semi-exclave situated on the Baltic Sea. The largest city and administr ...
.
** Kaliningrad Regional Museum of History and Arts
The Kaliningrad Regional Museum of History and Arts (russian: Калининградский областной историко-художественный музей) is a museum along the Lower Pond in Kaliningrad, Russia. The building was ...
founded.
** ''Kaliningradskaya Pravda'' newspaper begins publication.
* 1947 – Kaliningrad Regional Drama Theatre established.
* 1954 – Pishchevik Kaliningrad football club formed.
* 1956 – Population: 188,000.
* 1960 – Theatre
Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, usually actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The perform ...
on Mira Avenue rebuilt.
* 1965 - Population: 253,000.
* 1967 – Kaliningrad State University
Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (IKBFU; russian: Балтийский федеральный университет имени Иммануила Канта) formerly known as the ''Immanuel Kant Russian State University'' (russian: Ро ...
active.
* 1979
** Khrabrovo Airport
Khrabrovo Airport (russian: Аэропорт Храброво) , also appearing in historical documents as Powunden Airfield,AIRFIELD ACTIVITY IN THE USSR AND SATELLITES (BASED ON(Sanitized)PHOTOGRAPHY), October 1957, CREST: CIA-RDP78T04753A0003 ...
terminal built.
** Kaliningrad Amber Museum
The Kaliningrad Regional Amber Museum is a museum located in the Russian city of Kaliningrad devoted to housing and displaying amber artworks. It is located in the city center, on the shore of Lake Verkhneye.
Construction on the museum began i ...
opens.
* 1985 - Population: 385,000.
* 1988 – Kaliningrad State Art Gallery established.
* 1989 – Population: 401,280; oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdom of ...
871,283.
* 1990
** Chamber of Commerce founded.
** City opens to foreign tourists.
* 1994 – Kaliningrad State Technical University
Kaliningrad State Technical University
Kaliningrad State Technical University (russian: Калининградский государственный технический университет, (КГТУ); abbreviated KSTU) is a technical u ...
active.
* 1996 – Leonid Gorbenko
Leonid Petrovich Gorbenko (Russian: Леонид Петрович Горбенко; 20 June 1939 – 7 August 2010) was a Russian politician. He was elected the 2nd Governor of Kaliningrad Oblast in 1996, serving in that office until 2000.
Kalin ...
becomes governor of Kaliningrad Oblast.
* 1998 – '' The Voice from the Pregel'' Polish-language magazine in publication.
21st century
* 2001 – Vladimir Yegorov
Vladimir Grigoryevich Yegorov (russian: Владимир Григорьевич Егоров; 26 November 1938 – 8 June 2022) was the governor of Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia from 2001 to 2005. He was Admiral commanding the Baltic Fleet before ...
becomes governor of Kaliningrad Oblast.
* 2005
** July: 750th anniversary of city founding.
** Kaiser Bridge reconstructed (approximate date).
** Georgy Boos
Georgy Valentinovich Boos (russian: link=no, Георгий Валентинович Боос, born 22 January 1963) is a Russian businessman and politician who served as governor of Kaliningrad Oblast from 2005 to 2010.
Early life and educatio ...
becomes governor of Kaliningrad Oblast.
* 2007
** Alexander Jaroschuk becomes mayor.
** Khrabrovo Airport
Khrabrovo Airport (russian: Аэропорт Храброво) , also appearing in historical documents as Powunden Airfield,AIRFIELD ACTIVITY IN THE USSR AND SATELLITES (BASED ON(Sanitized)PHOTOGRAPHY), October 1957, CREST: CIA-RDP78T04753A0003 ...
new terminal opens.
* 2008 – Cathedral of Christ the Saviour
The Cathedral of Christ the Saviour ( rus, Храм Христа́ Спаси́теля, r=Khram Khristá Spasítelya, p=xram xrʲɪˈsta spɐˈsʲitʲɪlʲə) is a Russian Orthodox cathedral in Moscow, Russia, on the northern bank of the Moskv ...
consecrated.
* 2010
** 30 January: Protest against governor Georgy Boos
Georgy Valentinovich Boos (russian: link=no, Георгий Валентинович Боос, born 22 January 1963) is a Russian businessman and politician who served as governor of Kaliningrad Oblast from 2005 to 2010.
Early life and educatio ...
.
** Population: 431,500; oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdom of ...
941,873.
** Nikolay Tsukanov
Nikolay Nikolayevich Tsukanov (born 22 March 1965) is a Russian politician, psychologist, businessman, electrical welder, former governor of Kaliningrad Oblast, and, between July 2016 and December 2017, President Vladimir Putin's plenipotentiary ...
becomes governor of Kaliningrad Oblast.
* 2012 – Poland-Russia border near Kaliningrad Oblast opens.
See also
* History of Kaliningrad
* Königsberg
Königsberg (, ) was the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Königsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was named ...
* List of monarchs of Prussia
The monarchs of Prussia were members of the House of Hohenzollern who were the hereditary rulers of the former German state of Prussia from its founding in 1525 as the Duchy of Prussia. The Duchy had evolved out of the Teutonic Order, a Roman C ...
, 1525-1701
* Timelines
A timeline is a display of a list of events in chronological order. It is typically a graphic design showing a long bar labelled with dates paralleling it, and usually contemporaneous events.
Timelines can use any suitable scale representi ...
of other cities
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
in the Northwestern Federal District
Northwestern Federal District,, ''Severo-Zapadny federalny okrug'' is one of the federal districts of Russia, eight federal districts of Russia. It covers most of Northwest Russia. Its population was 13.6 million, of which 83.5% was urban, livi ...
of Russia: Pskov
Pskov ( rus, Псков, a=pskov-ru.ogg, p=pskof; see also names in other languages) is a city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, located about east of the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River. Population ...
, St. Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
References
''This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia
The German Wikipedia (german: Deutschsprachige Wikipedia) is the German-language edition of Wikipedia, a free and publicly editable online encyclopedia.
Founded on March 16, 2001, it is the second-oldest Wikipedia (after the English Wikipedia), ...
and Russian Wikipedia.''
Bibliography
in English
;Published in the 18th-19th century
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
;Published in the 20th century
*
*
*
*
;Published in the 21st century
*
*
in other languages
*
*
*
* (bibliography)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
External links
* Europeana
Items related to Kaliningrad
various dates.
* Digital Public Library of America
Items related to Kaliningrad
various dates
* Links to fulltex
city directories for Konigsberg
via Wikisource
{{Russian Federation year nav
Years in Russia
Kaliningrad
Königsberg
Kaliningrad
Kaliningrad ( ; rus, Калининград, p=kəlʲɪnʲɪnˈɡrat, links=y), until 1946 known as Königsberg (; rus, Кёнигсберг, Kyonigsberg, ˈkʲɵnʲɪɡzbɛrk; rus, Короле́вец, Korolevets), is the largest city and ...