The following is a

timeline A timeline is a display of a list of events in chronological order. It is typically a graphic design showing a long bar labelled with dates paralleling it, and usually contemporaneous events. Timelines can use any suitable scale representi ...

of the

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...

of the

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

Benghazi Benghazi () , ; it, Bengasi; tr, Bingazi; ber, Bernîk, script=Latn; also: ''Bengasi'', ''Benghasi'', ''Banghāzī'', ''Binghāzī'', ''Bengazi''; grc, Βερενίκη (''Berenice'') and ''Hesperides''., group=note (''lit. Son of he Ghazi ...

Libya Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya bo ...

Prior to 20th century

* 7th century BCE -

Euesperides Libya's second largest city, Benghazi, has a history which extends from when the city was first inhabited in the 6th century BCE to the present day. Throughout its history, the city has been continuously conquered by different ancient and colonial f ...

founded by Cyrenians near site of present-day Benghazi. * 1517 CE -

Cyrenaica Cyrenaica ( ) or Kyrenaika ( ar, برقة, Barqah, grc-koi, Κυρηναϊκή ��παρχίαKurēnaïkḗ parkhíā}, after the city of Cyrene), is the eastern region of Libya. Cyrenaica includes all of the eastern part of Libya between ...

becomes part of

Ottoman Tripolitania The coastal region of what is today Libya was ruled by the Ottoman Empire from 1551 to 1912. First, from 1551 to 1864, as the Eyalet of Tripolitania ( ota, ایالت طرابلس غرب ''Eyālet-i Trâblus Gârb'') or ''Bey and Subjects of Tri ...

. * 1577 - Atiq Mosque built. * 1816/1817 - occurs at the . * 1820 - Alhadadp

Mosque A mosque (; from ar, مَسْجِد, masjid, ; literally "place of ritual prostration"), also called masjid, is a place of prayer for Muslims. Mosques are usually covered buildings, but can be any place where prayers ( sujud) are performed, ...

founded.^{( ar)} * 1827 - British consulate established. * 1858 - Plague outbreak. * 1869 - Administrative Benghazi

mutessariflik The administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire were administrative divisions of the state organisation of the Ottoman Empire. Outside this system were various types of vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire, vassal and tributary ...

(province) created. * 1874 - Plague outbreak. * 1895 ** built in

Al-Berka Al-Berka (Arabic:البركة) is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghr ...

. ** Italian "Società d'Esplorazione Commerciale in Africa" active in Benghazi.

20th century

1900s-1940s

* 1906 - burns down. * 1911 ** 19 October: Town occupied by Italian forces during the

Italo-Turkish War The Italo-Turkish or Turco-Italian War ( tr, Trablusgarp Savaşı, "Tripolitanian War", it, Guerra di Libia, "War of Libya") was fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ottoman Empire from 29 September 1911, to 18 October 1912. As a result o ...

. ** Population: 35,000. * 1913 - Albergo Italia (hotel) built. * 1914 - begins operating. * 1916 - built. * 1922 -

Benghazi Lighthouse The Benghazi Lighthouse is an active lighthouse located on the coast of Libya in the neighborhood of the Sidi Khrebish area in Benghazi. Its NGA number is 21508. History Built in 1922 during the Italian colonization of Libya and inaugurated in 19 ...

built. * 1924 -

City Hall In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or a municipal building (in the Philippines), is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. It usually houses ...

built. * 1926 - begins operating. * 1927 ** begins operating. ** Catholic

Apostolic Vicariate of Cyrenaica The Apostolic Vicariate of Benghazi ( la, Vicariatus Apostolicus Berenicensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or apostolic vicariate of the Catholic Church in Libya. It is immediately exempt to the Holy See and not part of any eccl ...

established. * 1928 - opens. * 1931 - September: Trial of

Omar Mukhtar Omar al-Mukhṭār Muḥammad bin Farḥāṭ al-Manifī ( ar, عُمَر الْمُخْتَار مُحَمَّد بِن فَرْحَات الْمَنِفِي ; 20 August 1858 – 16 September 1931), called The Lion of the Desert, known among ...

, leading to his execution on 16 September in nearby

Suluq Suluq ( ar, سلوق, Sulūq) is a town in the Benghazi District of the Cyrenaica region in northeastern Libya. It is located about 53 kilometers to the south-east of Benghazi. Italian Libya Suluq is the site of a former Italian concentration ca ...

. * 1934 ** Pier built in the

Port of Benghazi The Port of Benghazi is a major seaport in the city of Benghazi, Libya, on the Mediterranean Sea coast within the Gulf of Sidra. History A natural seaport, it was founded as Euesperides by the ancient Greeks of Cyrenaica in the 6th century BC. Af ...

. ** Administrative

Benghazi Province Benghazi Province, or ''Provincia di Bengasi'' in Italian, was one of the provinces of Libya under Italian rule. It was established in 1937. Characteristics Benghazi Province was located in northern Italian Libya, in western Cyrenaica. Its admin ...

created. * 1936 - built. * 1937 - March: Mussolini visits Benghazi. * 1939 -

Benghazi Cathedral Benghazi Cathedral is a former Roman Catholic church in the city of Benghazi, Libya. It is located in the city center. History Benghazi Cathedral was built between 1929 and 1939 on land formerly occupied by Arabs, and was one of the largest chur ...

built. * 1942 ** November: British forces take city during the

Battle of El Agheila The Battle of El Agheila was a brief engagement of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War. It took place in December 1942 between Allied forces of the Eighth Army (General Bernard Montgomery) and the Axis forces The Axis ...

in World War II. ** Italian rule ends. ** Omar al-Mukhtar Society formed. * 1945 - Population: 60,000 (approximate). * 1947 -

Ahly Benghazi Al-Ahly Sports Cultural & Social Club () known as Al-Ahly SCSC is a Libyan Sports club based in Benghazi, Libya. Al-Ahly SC has its roots in a political party, the Omar al Mukhtar society. History Al-Ahly SC Libya was made a professional footb ...

football club active.

1950s-1990s

* 1952 ** Al-Hilal SC (sport club) formed. ** University of Oxford's

Ashmolean The Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology () on Beaumont Street, Oxford, England, is Britain's first public museum. Its first building was erected in 1678–1683 to house the cabinet of curiosities that Elias Ashmole gave to the University of ...

Expedition to Cyrenaica begins its archaeological excavation of Euesperides site. * 1953 - City boundary established. * 1954 - Al Tahaddy SC (football club) formed. * 1955 -

University of Libya The University of Libya ( ar, الجامعة الليبية) was a public university based in Tripoli and Benghazi, Libya. The university was established in 1955 and disestablished in 1973, when its colleges were split into two new universities: ...

founded. * 1956 -

Benghazi Zoo Benghazi Zoo () or Al Fuwayhat (est. 1956) is a zoo and tourist park in the city of Benghazi, Libya Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb ...

founded. * 1957 - Benghazi Military University Academy established. * 1964 - Population: 137,295. * 1967 -

Stadium A stadium ( : stadiums or stadia) is a place or venue for (mostly) outdoor sports, concerts, or other events and consists of a field or stage either partly or completely surrounded by a tiered structure designed to allow spectators to stand o ...

and

Suliman Ad-Dharrath Arena Suliman Ad-Dharrath Arena is an indoor sporting arena located in Benghazi, Libya. It is used mainly for indoor sports such as volleyball and basketball Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, o ...

open. * 1970s - Giuliana Bridge opens. * 1973 **

University of Benghazi University of Benghazi ( ar, جامعة بنغازي), Formally known as Garyounis University, it is a public university in Benghazi, Libya, the country's second-largest city as well as one of the most prestigious. institutes of higher educatio ...

active. ** Population: 266,000. * 1980 - February: Protest at French consulate. * 1982 ** March: Part of

1982 African Cup of Nations The 1982 African Cup of Nations was the 13th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the association football championship of African nations run by the CAF. It was hosted by Libya. Just like in 1980, there were eight teams, which were split into ...

football contest held in Benghazi. ** built. * 1984 - Population: 442,860. * 1986 - 15 April:

Aerial bombing An airstrike, air strike or air raid is an offensive operation carried out by aircraft. Air strikes are delivered from aircraft such as blimps, balloons, Fighter aircraft, fighters, bomber, heavy bombers, ground attack aircraft, attack helicopter ...

of city by United States forces. * 1989 - Tibesti Hotel (hi-rise) built. * 1990 - Population: 800,000 (estimate). * 1991 - "Administrative Office Complex" (hi-rise) built. * 1993 - September:

Great Man-Made River The Great Man-Made River (GMMR, ) is a network of pipes that supplies fresh water obtained from the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System fossil aquifer across Libya. It is the world's largest irrigation project. The project utilizes a pipeline system ...

constructed; water begins flowing to Benghazi. * 2000 ** 1 September: Al-Ahly football stadium demolished. ** September: Unrest.

21st century

* 2005 - Population: 685,367 (estimate). * 2006 - 15 February: Protest against

Muhammad cartoons The ''Jyllands-Posten'' Muhammad cartoons controversy (or Muhammad cartoons crisis, da, Muhammedkrisen) began after the Danish newspaper ''Jyllands-Posten'' published 12 editorial cartoons on 30 September 2005, most of which depicted Muhamma ...

. * 2007 - '' Quryna'' newspaper begins publication. * 2008 - construction begins. * 2009 -

Martyrs of February Stadium Benina Martyrs Stadium ( ar, ملعب شهداء بنينة) and until 2011 officially named Hugo Chávez Football Stadium ( ar, ملعب هوغو شافيز), is a Libyan Soccer-specific stadium, football stadium located in Benina, a town 19 ...

opens in nearby Benina. * 2011 ** 15 February:

Arab Spring The Arab Spring ( ar, الربيع العربي) was a series of Nonviolent resistance, anti-government protests, Rebellion, uprisings and Insurgency, armed rebellions that spread across much of the Arab world in the early 2010s. It began in T ...

-related protest;

Libyan Civil War (2011) The First Libyan Civil War was an armed conflict in 2011 in the North African country of Libya that was fought between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and rebel groups that were seeking to oust his government. It erupted with the Libya ...

begins. ** ''

Al Kalima ''Al Kalima'' ( ar, الكلمة, ''The Word'') is an Arabic daily newspaper published in Libya. It is one of the newspapers established during or following the Libyan revolution which toppled Muammar Ghaddafi in 2011. History and profile ''Al ...

'' newspaper begins publication. * 2012 ** 19 May:

Local election In many parts of the world, local elections take place to select office-holders in local government, such as mayors and councillors. Elections to positions within a city or town are often known as "municipal elections". Their form and conduct vary ...

held. ** June: "Pro-autonomy mob ransacks the election commission building." ** September: United States consulate attacked. * 2014 ** 16 May:

Benina International Airport Benina International Airport ( ar, مطار بنينة الدولي) serves Benghazi, Libya. It is located in the borough of Benina, 19 kilometres (12 mi) east of Benghazi, from which it takes its name. The airport is operated by the Civil ...

closes due to

fighting Combat ( French for ''fight'') is a purposeful violent conflict meant to physically harm or kill the opposition. Combat may be armed (using weapons) or unarmed ( not using weapons). Combat is sometimes resorted to as a method of self-defense, or ...

. ** 15 October: Battle of Benghazi begins. * 2017 ** 18 April: Abdelrahman Alabbar becomes mayor. ** 15 July: Benina Airport reopens. ** 27 July: Battle of Benghazi officially concludes.

Notes

References

:''This article incorporates information from the

Arabic Wikipedia The Arabic Wikipedia ( ar, ويكيبيديا العربية) is the Modern Standard Arabic version of Wikipedia. It started on 9 July 2003. As of , it has articles, registered users and files and it is the List of Wikipedias, largest editi ...

German Wikipedia The German Wikipedia (german: Deutschsprachige Wikipedia) is the German-language edition of Wikipedia, a free and publicly editable online encyclopedia. Founded on March 16, 2001, it is the second-oldest Wikipedia (after the English Wikipedia), ...

, and

Italian Wikipedia The Italian Wikipedia ( it, Wikipedia in italiano) is the Italian-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was created on May 11, 2001 and first edited on June 11, 2001. As of , , it has articles and more than registered accounts. It is th ...

.''

Bibliography

* * * * * * (Includes information about Benghazi) * ** * * * * * * * *

External links

* (Bibliography of

open access Open access (OA) is a set of principles and a range of practices through which research outputs are distributed online, free of access charges or other barriers. With open access strictly defined (according to the 2001 definition), or libre op ...

articles)
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) * (Bibliography)

Images

File:Municipality Theatre of Benghazi.jpg, Berenice Theatre, Benghazi, opened in 1928; designed by

Marcello Piacentini Marcello Piacentini (8 December 1881 – 19 May 1960) was an Italian urban theorist and one of the main proponents of Italian Fascist architecture. Biography Born in Rome, he was the son of architect Pio Piacentini. When he was only 26, he was ...

{{Timelines of cities in Africa History of Benghazi

Years in Libya Libya history-related lists