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TimeLogic is the
bioinformatics Bioinformatics () is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data, in particular when the data sets are large and complex. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combi ...
division of Active Motif, Inc. The company is headquartered in
Carlsbad Carlsbad may refer to: *Carlsbad, California, United States *Carlsbad, New Mexico, United States *Carlsbad, Texas, United States *Karlovy Vary Karlovy Vary (; german: Karlsbad, formerly also spelled ''Carlsbad'' in English) is a spa town, spa ...
,
California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
. TimeLogic develops
FPGA A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit designed to be configured by a customer or a designer after manufacturinghence the term '' field-programmable''. The FPGA configuration is generally specified using a hardware de ...
-accelerated tools for biological sequence comparison in the field of high performance bioinformatics and biocomputing.


History

TimeLogic was founded in 1981 by James W. (Jim) Lindelien and developed one of the first commercial
hardware-accelerated Hardware acceleration is the use of computer hardware designed to perform specific functions more efficiently when compared to software running on a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU). Any transformation of data that can be calculat ...
tools for bioinformatics, an FPGA-accelerated version of the Smith-Waterman algorithm. TimeLogic's DeCypher systems have expanded to provide accelerated implementations of the ubiquitous bioinformatics algorithms
BLAST Blast or The Blast may refer to: * Explosion, a rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner *Detonation, an exothermic front accelerating through a medium that eventually drives a shock front Film * ''Blast'' (1997 film) ...
, Smith-Waterman, and
HMMER HMMER is a free and commonly used software package for sequence analysis written by Sean Eddy. Its general usage is to identify homologous protein or nucleotide sequences, and to perform sequence alignments. It detects homology by comparing ...
using
field programmable gate array A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit designed to be configured by a customer or a designer after manufacturinghence the term '' field-programmable''. The FPGA configuration is generally specified using a hardware de ...
(FPGA) technology. In 2003, TimeLogic was acquired by Active Motif, a biotechnology reagent company started by
Invitrogen Invitrogen is one of several brands under the Thermo Fisher Scientific corporation. The product line includes various subbrands of biotechnology products, such as machines and consumables for polymerase chain reaction, reverse transcription, clo ...
co-founder Joseph Fernandez. In 2008, TimeLogic formed a partnership with Biomatters to integrate Geneious Pro with the accelerated algorithms on DeCypher systems. In 2011, TimeLogic formed a partnership with
Bielefeld University Bielefeld University (german: Universität Bielefeld) is a university in Bielefeld, Germany. Founded in 1969, it is one of the country's newer universities, and considers itself a "reform" university, following a different style of organization a ...
's Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec) to jointly develop accelerated computational tools.


Selected scientific contributions

Accelerated bioinformatics algorithms have played an important role in high throughput
genomics Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes. A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes as well as its hierarchical, three-dim ...
, and DeCypher systems have been widely published as an
enabling technology An enabling technology is an invention or innovation that can be applied to drive radical change in the capabilities of a user or culture. Enabling technologies are characterized by rapid development of subsequent derivative technologies, often i ...
for genomic discovery in ove
180 peer-reviewed scientific research articles
including the selected milestones below: In 1997, the annotation of the first complete sequence of the ''
E. coli ''Escherichia coli'' (),Wells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Harlow ngland Pearson Education Ltd. also known as ''E. coli'' (), is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus ''Escher ...
'' K12 genome used DeCypher Smith-Waterman to determine the function of new translated sequences. In 2002, the rice genome, the first completely sequenced crop, was annotated using DeCypher FrameSearch "to detect and guide the correction of
frameshift Ribosomal frameshifting, also known as translational frameshifting or translational recoding, is a biological phenomenon that occurs during translation that results in the production of multiple, unique proteins from a single mRNA. The process can ...
s caused by
indels Indel is a molecular biology term for an insertion or deletion of bases in the genome of an organism. It is classified among small genetic variations, measuring from 1 to 10 000 base pairs in length, including insertion and deletion events that ...
." In 2004, a high throughput genomic approach to the study of
horizontal gene transfer Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) is the movement of genetic material between Unicellular organism, unicellular and/or multicellular organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offsprin ...
in plant-parasitic nematodes was conducted using DeCypher Tera-BLAST, Timelogic's implementation of the
BLAST Blast or The Blast may refer to: * Explosion, a rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner *Detonation, an exothermic front accelerating through a medium that eventually drives a shock front Film * ''Blast'' (1997 film) ...
algorithm. In 2007, HMM profiling of
metagenomics Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental or clinical samples by a method called sequencing. The broad field may also be referred to as environmental genomics, ecogenomics, community genomics or microb ...
sequences generated by the ''Sorcerer II''
Global Ocean Sampling Expedition The Global Ocean Sampling Expedition (GOS) is an ocean exploration genome project whose goal is to assess genetic diversity in marine microbial communities and to understand their role in nature's fundamental processes. It was begun as a Sarga ...
(GOS) were performed using DeCypherHMM to discover 1700 new
protein families A protein family is a group of evolutionarily related proteins. In many cases, a protein family has a corresponding gene family, in which each gene encodes a corresponding protein with a 1:1 relationship. The term "protein family" should not be ...
and matches to 6000 sequences previously categorized in scientific literature as ORFans. Dr.
Craig Venter John Craig Venter (born October 14, 1946) is an American biotechnologist and businessman. He is known for leading one of the first draft sequences of the human genome and assembled the first team to transfect a cell with a synthetic chromosome. ...
credited TimeLogic in his biography, noting that the DeCypher system performed "an order of magnitude or two more than had been achieved before. The final computation took two weeks but would have run for well more than a century on a standard computer." Also in 2007, a physical map of the soybean pathogen ''
Fusarium ''Fusarium'' is a large genus of filamentous fungi, part of a group often referred to as hyphomycetes, widely distributed in soil and associated with plants. Most species are harmless saprobes, and are relatively abundant members of the soil mi ...
virguliforme'' was developed using
exon An exon is any part of a gene that will form a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing. The term ''exon'' refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and to the corresponding sequen ...
ic fragments identified with DeCypher GeneDetective. In 2011, a global assessment of the genomic variation in cattle was conducted using DeCypher Tera-BLAST "to accurately detect chromosomal positions of the SNP sites."


Products

* DeCypher Server is a high performance server with the DeCypher Similarity Search Engine FPGA-based accelerator that can be reprogrammed on the fly to run all of TimeLogic's accelerated search algorithms. * Tera-BLAST is an accelerated
BLAST Blast or The Blast may refer to: * Explosion, a rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner *Detonation, an exothermic front accelerating through a medium that eventually drives a shock front Film * ''Blast'' (1997 film) ...
algorithm implementation, which includes Tera-BLASTN, Tera-BLASTP, Tera-BLASTX, Tera-TBLASTN, and Tera-TBLASTX. Tera-BLAST also includes Tera-Probe, a proprietary algorithm for probe design. * DeCypher Smith-Waterman is an accelerated Smith-Waterman algorithm implementation, which also includes FrameSearch. * DeCypherHMM is an accelerated
HMMER HMMER is a free and commonly used software package for sequence analysis written by Sean Eddy. Its general usage is to identify homologous protein or nucleotide sequences, and to perform sequence alignments. It detects homology by comparing ...
algorithm implementation, which also includes HFST, a frameshift tolerant HMM search. * GeneDetective is an accelerated implementation similar to
Ewan Birney John Frederick William Birney (known as Ewan Birney) (born 6 December 1972) is joint director of EMBL's European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), in Hinxton, Cambridgeshire and deputy director general of the European Molecular Biology Labora ...
's GeneWise for discovery of genes, intron, exons, and splice sites in eukaryotic genomes. * PipeWorks is a drag-and-drop graphical interface for the design of accelerated bioinformatics pipelines.


See also

*
List of bioinformatics companies {{Dynamic list This is a list of bioinformatics companies that have articles at Wikipedia: * Applied Maths provides the software suite BioNumerics * Astrid Research * BIOBASE * BioBam Bioinformatics creator of Blast2GO * Biomax Informatic ...


References

{{Reflist, 2 Bioinformatics Bioinformatics companies Bioinformatics software Computational science Companies based in Carlsbad, California