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''Time, Inc. v. Firestone'', 424 U.S. 448 (1976), was a U.S. Supreme Court case concerning defamation suits against public figures.


Background

Mary Alice Firestone was married to Russell A. Firestone, Jr., an heir to the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company family fortune. Mary filed for divorce, and Russell submitted a counterclaim on the grounds of extreme cruelty and adultery. The judge granted the divorce but discounted much of the evidence concerning extramarital affairs. Nevertheless, Time, Inc., publisher of the weekly news magazine '' Time'', ran an article one week after the divorce was granted, mentioning the alleged affairs. In the "Milestones" section of ''Time'', the news of the Firestones’ divorce was published as follows: ''"DIVORCED. By Russell A. Firestone Jr., 41, heir to the tire fortune: Mary Alice Sullivan Firestone, 32, his third wife; a onetime Palm Beach schoolteacher; on grounds of extreme cruelty and adultery; after six years of marriage, one son; in West Palm Beach, Fla. The 17-month intermittent trial produced enough testimony of extramarital adventures on both sides, said the judge, 'to make Dr. Freud's hair curl.'”'' Following the publication, Mary Firestone filed suit in a Florida state court against Time, Inc., seeking $100,000 in damages for libel.


Court cases

Time alleged that Mary was a public figure and could not recover damages based on the ruling of ''
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan ''New York Times Co. v. Sullivan'', 376 U.S. 254 (1964), was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision ruling that the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution's freedom of speech protections limit the ability of American public officials to sue for ...
'' (1964), which protected media from liability in such suits except in cases where there is knowledge of falsity or a reckless disregard for truth. Both the state court and Florida Supreme Court ruled that Mary was not a public figure, using language defined in ''
Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. ''Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc.'', 418 U.S. 323 (1974), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court establishing the standard of First Amendment protection against defamation claims brought by private individuals. The Court held that, so long ...
'' (1974)..


Decision

In a 6–2 vote, Justice William H. Rehnquist wrote the majority opinion vacating the lower judgment and remanding. The Supreme Court held that the actual malice standard for media reports on public figures did not apply. Firestone was not a public figure as defined by prior precedent. The Court also held the Florida judgment invalid because the court awarded damages without determining fault. Justice Lewis Powell wrote a concurrence, stating that the ultimate question is whether Time exercised reasonably prudent care in light of the ambiguous divorce decree. Justice Potter Stewart joined in the concurrence.


See also

* List of United States Supreme Court cases * List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Burger Court * List of United States Supreme Court cases involving the First Amendment *
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 424 This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 424 of the ''United States Reports The ''United States Reports'' () are the official record ( law reports) of the Supreme Court of the United States. They include rulings, ...


References


External links

* {{US1stAmendment, press, state=expanded United States Supreme Court cases United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court United States defamation case law 1976 in United States case law Time (magazine)