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Timothy Robert Birkhead One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: (born 1950) is a British
ornithologist Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the "methodological study and consequent knowledge of birds with all that relates to them." Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and th ...
. He has been Professor of Behaviour and Evolution at the University of Sheffield since 1976.


Education

Birkhead was awarded a Bachelor's degree in Biology from
Newcastle University Newcastle University (legally the University of Newcastle upon Tyne) is a UK public university, public research university based in Newcastle upon Tyne, North East England. It has overseas campuses in Singapore and Malaysia. The university is ...
in 1972, followed by a Doctor of Philosophy degree from University of Oxford in 1976 for research on the breeding biology and survival of guillemots ''Uria aalge'' supervised by E.K. Dunn and Chris Perrins. He was subsequently awarded a Doctor of Science from Newcastle in 1989.


Research and career

Birkhead's research on promiscuity in birds redefined the mating systems of birds. Focusing initially on the adaptive significance of male
promiscuity Promiscuity is the practice of engaging in sexual activity frequently with different Sexual partner, partners or being indiscriminate in the choice of sexual partners. The term can carry a moral judgment. A common example of behavior viewed as pro ...
and female promiscuity, he later switched to the study of mechanisms and resolved the mechanisms of sperm competition in birds. He provided some of the first evidence of: cryptic female choice in birds; strategic sperm allocation, and he also provided the first estimates of the quantitative genetics of sperm traits in birds. Birkhead's research also resolved the issue of polyspermy in birds and provided the first evidence for morphological sperm selection in the female reproductive tract. His long term study of the population biology of common guillemots on the island of Skomer off Wales has run since 1972, and is currently in need of support. His recent research is on the adaptive significance of egg shape in birds, including the common guillemot whose pyriform egg has long been thought to allow it to either spin-like- a-top or roll-in-an-arc to prevent it rolling off the cliff ledge. However, there is no evidence for either of these ideas. Instead, Birkhead and colleagues have identified the main advantage of a pyriform shape: stability. The pyriform shape makes the egg inherently more stable, especially on the sloping surfaces on which guillemots commonly breed.


Publications

* Nettleship, D. N. & Birkhead, T. R. (eds) (1985) ''The Atlantic Alcidae''. Academic Press. pp 574. * Birkhead, T. R. & Møller, A. P. (1992). ''Sperm Competition in Birds: Evolutionary Causes and Consequences.'' Academic Press. pp. 280. * Birkhead, T. R. & Moller A. P. (eds) (1998) ''Sperm Competition and Sexual Selection''. Academic Press. pp 826. * Birkhead, T. R., Hosken, D. & Pitnick, S. (eds) (2009). ''Sperm Biology: An Evolutionary Perspective''. London: Academic Press. pp 642. * Birkhead, T. R. (ed) (2016). ''Virtuoso by Nature: the Scientific Worlds of Francis Willughby FRS (1635-1672)''. Brill. pp 439. * Promiscuity: An Evolutionary History of Sperm Competition * ''Promiscuity'' (Faber & Faber 2000), which makes the concept of post-copulatory sexual selection accessible to the non-specialist. * ''Ten Thousand Birds: Ornithology since Darwin'' (Princeton 2014) (with J. Wimpenny and R. Montgomerie), won the USA Prose Award. PROSE Award (American Publishers Awards for Professional and Scholarly Excellence) for the best book in 2014 in the History of Science, Medicine and Technology category; CHOICE (magazine of the American Library Association) list of Outstanding Academic Titles, 2014 in Zoology; Runner-up for BB/BTO Best Bird Book of 2014. * ''The red canary: the story of the first genetically engineered animal'', Phoenix, 2004, describes the power of selective breeding and the how the interaction between professional scientist and an amateur bird-keeper created the red canary. The book won the Consul Cremer Prize (2003). * ; Bloomsbury Publishing, 2011, The book describes how we know what we know about the biology of birds, focussing on evolutionary explanations. The Wisdom of Birds won the Best Bird book of the Year Award (2009) from the
British Trust for Ornithology The British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) is an organisation founded in 1932 for the study of birds in the British Isles. The Prince of Wales has been patron since October 2020. History Beginnings In 1931 Max Nicholson wrote: In the United State ...
and British Birds. * * * ''Ten Thousand Birds: Ornithology since Darwin'', Princeton University Press, 2011, * ''Bird Sense: What it Is Like to Be a Bird'', Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2012, was rated best natural history book of 2012 by the Independent and Guardian Newspapers, and was awarded a Best Bird Book of 2012 prize by British Birds and the
British Trust for Ornithology The British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) is an organisation founded in 1932 for the study of birds in the British Isles. The Prince of Wales has been patron since October 2020. History Beginnings In 1931 Max Nicholson wrote: In the United State ...
, and was short-listed for the Royal Society Winton Book Prize in 2013. * ''The Most Perfect Thing: the Inside (and Outside) of a Bird's Egg'', Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2016, short-listed for the Royal Society Insight Investment Science Book Prize (2016), and winner of the Zoological Society of London's 2017 prize for communicating zoology.
David Attenborough Sir David Frederick Attenborough (; born 8 May 1926) is an English broadcaster, biologist, natural historian and author. He is best known for writing and presenting, in conjunction with the BBC Natural History Unit, the nine natural histor ...
described it as ‘Magnificent: science without any high falutin’ technology’. * ''The Wonderful Mr Willughby: the first True Ornithologist,'' Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2018,


Teaching

Birkhead has combined his enthusiasm for research with a passion for undergraduate teaching. He has taught courses on ecology, evolution, statistics, birds, behavioural ecology, animal behaviour and the history and philosophy of science. His teaching has been recognised by four awards, including a National Teaching Fellowship in 2017.


Biology of Spermatozoa

Starting in 1992 and continuing until 2015 (when he handed over to a steering group) Birkhead organised (with Professor Harry Moore) a small (~60) biennial meeting on reproductive biology in the Peak District National Park known as Biology of Spermatozoa (BoS). Delegates are from a diverse range of backgrounds and include clinicians, reproductive physiologists, andrologists, theoreticians and evolutionary biologists. The format and interdisciplinary nature of the meeting was successful in terms of exchanging ideas, techniques and establishing collaborations.


Media and Outreach

Between 2002 and 2010 Birkhead had a monthly column in '' Times Higher Education''. His articles were concerned with various aspects of higher education: undergraduate teaching, administration and, occasionally, research. He has written for '' The Guardian'', '' The Independent'', the BBC, The Biologist, Natural History and Evolve. He has featured on numerous BBC Radio 4 programmes, including '' Start the Week'' — with Jeremy Paxman; '' The Life Scientific'' with Jim Al-Khalili; '' The Infinite Monkey Cage'' in 2018. His book ‘''The Most Perfect Thing''’ provided the basis for the TV documentary ‘''Attenborough’s Eggs''’ introduced by
David Attenborough Sir David Frederick Attenborough (; born 8 May 1926) is an English broadcaster, biologist, natural historian and author. He is best known for writing and presenting, in conjunction with the BBC Natural History Unit, the nine natural histor ...
(2018). Birkhead has been honorary curator of the Alfred Denny Museum in the University of Sheffield between 1980-2018. He has given numerous public lectures, including at Café Scientique, the Cheltenham Science Festival and numerous literary festivals including Ways with Words (Sheffield) and Hay on Wye. His a TED (conference) lecture on the history of ornithology has been viewed over 100,000 times.


Awards and honours

Over the course of his career, Birkhead has received a number of awards: * McColvin Medal for best reference book: ''Cambridge Encyclopaedia of Ornithology'' in 1991 * President, International Society for Behavioural Ecology (1996-1998) * Brockington Visitorship,
Queens University Queen's or Queens University may refer to: *Queen's University at Kingston, Ontario, Canada *Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK **Queen's University of Belfast (UK Parliament constituency) (1918–1950) **Queen's University of Belfast ...
, Canada in 2003 * Consul Cremer Prize for ''The Red Canary'' in 2003 * Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2004 * ISIHighlyCited.com - Designated Highly Cited Researcher Plant & Animal Science, 2004 * Senate Award for Sustained Excellence in Teaching, University of Sheffield, 2007. * Animal & Plant Sciences ‘Teacher of the Year’, 2009. * Winner: Bird Book of the Year Award, for ''The Wisdom of Birds'', from the British Trust for Ornithology and British Birds, 2009. * Elected Honorary Member of the
American Ornithologists Union The American Ornithological Society (AOS) is an ornithological organization based in the United States. The society was formed in October 2016 by the merger of the American Ornithologists' Union (AOU) and the Cooper Ornithological Society. Its ...
, 2010. * Elected Honorary Member of the Linnaean Society of New York, 2011 * Elliot Coues Medal, American Ornithologists Union in 2011 * ASAB (Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour) Medal in 2012 * President of the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour 2013-16 * Vice-president of the British Trust for Ornithology in 2012 * Winner of the Society for Biology, Bioscience Teacher of the Year, 2013. * Zoological Society of London, Silver Medal, 2014. * Spallazani Medal, Biology of Spermatozoa community, 2015. * Eisenmann Medal, the Linnaean Society of New York, 2016. * Godman-Salvin Medal from the
British Ornithologists' Union The British Ornithologists' Union (BOU) aims to encourage the study of birds ("ornithology") and around the world, in order to understand their biology and to aid their conservation. The BOU was founded in 1858 by Professor Alfred Newton, Henry ...
, 2016. * Founders’ Medal of the Society for the Study of the History of Natural History (SHNH), 2016. * Winner of the Zoological Society of London’s Award for Communicating Zoology to a general audience for ''The Most Perfect Thing'', 2017. *
Stephen Jay Gould Stephen Jay Gould (; September 10, 1941 – May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science. He was one of the most influential and widely read authors of popular science of his generation. Gould sp ...
Prize for increasing public understanding of evolutionary biology, Evolution Society, 2017. * Awarded a National Teaching Fellowship by the Higher Education Academy (HEA) in 2017. * Elected Honorary Member of the (Deutschen Ornitholgen-Gesellschaft
O-G Og ( he, עוֹג, ʿŌg ; ar, عوج, ʿŪj ; grc, Ωγ, Ōg) according to the Hebrew Bible and other sources, was an Amorite king of Bashan who was slain along with his army by Moses and his men at the battle of Edrei. In Arabic literature h ...
German Ornithological Society), 2017


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Birkhead, Timothy Robert British zoologists Academics of the University of Sheffield Alumni of the University of Oxford Fellows of the Royal Society Alumni of Newcastle University Living people 1950 births Place of birth missing (living people) British science writers