''Tilletia'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
smut fungi
The smuts are multicellular fungi characterized by their large numbers of teliospores. The smuts get their name from a Germanic word for dirt because of their dark, thick-walled, and dust-like teliospores. They are mostly Ustilaginomycetes (phylum ...
in the
Tilletiaceae
The Tilletiales are an order of smut fungi in the class Exobasidiomycetes. It is a monotypic order, consisting of a single family, the Tilletiaceae, which contains seven genera. The roughly 150 species in the Tilletiales all infect hosts of the g ...
family. Species in this genus are
plant pathogen
Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomyc ...
s that affect various
grasses
Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and ...
. ''
Tilletia indica
Karnal bunt (also known as partial bunt) is a fungal disease of wheat, durum wheat, and triticale. The smut fungus ''Tilletia indica'', a basidiomycete, invades the kernels and obtains nutrients from the endosperm, leaving behind waste products w ...
'', which causes Karnal bunt of
wheat
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus ''Triticum'' ; the most widely grown is common wheat (''T. aestivum''). The archaeologi ...
, and ''
Tilletia horrida'', responsible for
rice kernel smut, are examples of species that affect economically important crops.
[
The widespread genus contains about 175 species.][ The genus was ]circumscribed
In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius.
Not every polyg ...
by Edmond Tulasne
Louis René Étienne Tulasne, a.k.a. Edmond Tulasne (12 September 1815 – 22 December 1885) was a French botanist and mycologist born in Azay-le-Rideau.
He originally studied law at Poitiers, but his interest later turned to botany. As a yo ...
and Charles Tulasne
Charles Tulasne (5 September 1816 – 28 August 1884) was a French physician, mycologist and illustrator born in Langeais in the département of Indre-et-Loire.
He received his medical doctorate in 1840 and practiced medicine in Paris until 185 ...
in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser.3, vol.7 on page 112 in 1847.
The genus was named after a agronomist
An agriculturist, agriculturalist, agrologist, or agronomist (abbreviated as agr.), is a professional in the science, practice, and management of agriculture and agribusiness. It is a regulated profession in Canada, India, the Philippines, the ...
from France, Mathieu Tillet
Mathieu Tillet (10 November 1714 Bordeaux - 13 December 1791) was a French botanist, agronomist, metallurgist and administrator.
Life
He was the son of the goldsmith Gabriel Tillet and began studying metals at his father's workshop. In 1740 he was ...
(1714–1791).
Species
As accepted by Species Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of Mi ...
;Tilletia acroceratis
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. ''Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice kernel ...
''
* '' Tilletia aegopogonis''
* '' Tilletia ahmadiana''
* '' Tilletia airae-caespitosae''
* ''Tilletia airina
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* ''Tilletia alopecuri
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* ''Tilletia anthoxanthi
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* ''Tilletia apludae
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* ''Tilletia aristidae
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* ''Tilletia arthraxonis
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. ''Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice kernel ...
''
* ''Tilletia arundinellae
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. ''Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice kernel ...
''
* ''Tilletia asperifolia
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. ''Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice kernel ...
''
* ''Tilletia asperifolioides
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. ''Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice kernel ...
''
* ''Tilletia australiensis
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. ''Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice kernel ...
''
* ''Tilletia avenastri
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. ''Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice kernel ...
''
* '' Tilletia baldratii''
* '' Tilletia bambusae''
* '' Tilletia banarasae''
* '' Tilletia bangalorensis''
* ''Tilletia barclayana
Tilletia barclayana is a plant pathogen that infects rice, signalgrass, pearl millet, and crabgrass. The pathogen corrupts the crops it infects, causing black busts to appear on the crops, which then become discolored and smutted.
History
Ti ...
''
* '' Tilletia beckerae''
* '' Tilletia belgradensis''
* '' Tilletia biharica''
* '' Tilletia bolayi''
* '' Tilletia boliviana''
* ''Tilletia boliviensis
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various Poaceae, grasses. ''Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and ''Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ...
''
* '' Tilletia bornmuelleri''
* '' Tilletia boutelouae''
* '' Tilletia brachiariae''
* ''Tilletia brachypodii-mexicani
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice kerne ...
''
* '' Tilletia brachypodii-ramosi''
* '' Tilletia brefeldii''
* ''Tilletia bromi
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice kerne ...
''
* ''Tilletia bromina
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various Poaceae, grasses. ''Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and ''Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ...
''
* ''Tilletia bromi-tectorum
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice kerne ...
''
* '' Tilletia bungalorense''
* '' Tilletia cape-yorkensis''
* ''Tilletia caries
''Tilletia caries'' (synonymous with ''Tilletia tritici'') is a basidiomycete that causes common bunt of wheat. The common names of this disease are stinking bunt of wheat and stinking smut of wheat. This pathogen infects wheat, rye, and various ...
''
* '' Tilletia catapodii''
* '' Tilletia cathcartae''
* '' Tilletia cathesteci''
* '' Tilletia cerebrina''
* ''Tilletia challinorae
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice kerne ...
''
* ''Tilletia chiangmaiensis
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* '' Tilletia chionachnes''
* '' Tilletia chloridicola''
* '' Tilletia chrysosplenium''
* '' Tilletia colombiana''
* ''Tilletia controversa
''Tilletia controversa'' is a plant pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the smut disease TCK smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats. It stunts the growth of the plants and leaves smut balls in the grain heads. When the grain is mille ...
''
* ''Tilletia corona
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice kerne ...
''
* '' Tilletia courtetiana''
* '' Tilletia cynodontis''
* '' Tilletia cynosuri''
* '' Tilletia dacamarae''
* '' Tilletia dactyloctenii''
* '' Tilletia decamarae''
* '' Tilletia deyeuxiae''
* ''Tilletia digitariicola
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* '' Tilletia durangensis''
* '' Tilletia earlei''
* '' Tilletia echinochloae''
* '' Tilletia ehrhartae''
* ''Tilletia eleusines
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* '' Tilletia elizabethae''
* '' Tilletia elymandrae''
* ''Tilletia elymi
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice kerne ...
''
* '' Tilletia elymicola''
* '' Tilletia elytrophori''
* '' Tilletia eragrostidis''
* '' Tilletia eragrostiellae''
* '' Tilletia eremopoae''
* ''Tilletia fahrendorfii
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* '' Tilletia festiva''
* ''Tilletia festuca-octoflorana
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice kerne ...
''
* '' Tilletia filisora''
* ''Tilletia flectens
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* '' Tilletia fusca''
* '' Tilletia geeringii''
* '' Tilletia gigacellularis''
* '' Tilletia goloskokovii''
* '' Tilletia guyotiana''
* '' Tilletia haynaldiae''
* ''Tilletia holci
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various Poaceae, grasses. ''Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and ''Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ...
''
* ''Tilletia hordei
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* '' Tilletia hordeina''
* '' Tilletia hypsophila''
* '' Tilletia imbecillis''
* ''Tilletia indica
Karnal bunt (also known as partial bunt) is a fungal disease of wheat, durum wheat, and triticale. The smut fungus ''Tilletia indica'', a basidiomycete, invades the kernels and obtains nutrients from the endosperm, leaving behind waste products w ...
''
* '' Tilletia inolens''
* '' Tilletia intermedia''
* '' Tilletia iowensis''
* '' Tilletia isachnes''
* '' Tilletia isachnicola''
* '' Tilletia ischaemi''
* ''Tilletia ixophori
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* ''Tilletia japonica
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various Poaceae, grasses. ''Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and ''Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ...
''
* '' Tilletia kenyana''
* '' Tilletia kimberleyensis''
* '' Tilletia kuznetzoviana''
* '' Tilletia lachnagrostidis''
* ''Tilletia laevis
''Tilletia laevis'' is a plant pathogen that causes bunt on wheat.
It was used as a biological weapon by Iraq against Iran during the Iran–Iraq War
The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from Septembe ...
''
* '' Tilletia lageniformis''
* '' Tilletia laguri''
* '' Tilletia lepturi''
* ''Tilletia lineata
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* '' Tilletia lolioli''
* '' Tilletia lycuroides''
* '' Tilletia lyei''
* '' Tilletia maclaganii''
* '' Tilletia macrotuberculata''
* '' Tilletia mactaggartii''
* '' Tilletia madeirensis''
* '' Tilletia majuscula''
* '' Tilletia makutensis''
* '' Tilletia marjaniae''
* '' Tilletia mauritiana''
* '' Tilletia melicae''
* ''Tilletia menieri
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* '' Tilletia mexicana''
* '' Tilletia micrairae''
* '' Tilletia microtuberculata''
* '' Tilletia milii-vernalis''
* ''Tilletia montana
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various Poaceae, grasses. ''Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and ''Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ...
''
* '' Tilletia montemartinii''
* ''Tilletia muhlenbergiae
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various Poaceae, grasses. ''Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and ''Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ...
''
* '' Tilletia narasimhanii''
* '' Tilletia narayanaraoana''
* '' Tilletia narduri''
* '' Tilletia nigrifaciens''
* '' Tilletia obscuroreticulata''
* ''Tilletia oklahomae
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice kerne ...
''
* '' Tilletia olida''
* '' Tilletia opaca''
* '' Tilletia oplismeni-cristati''
* '' Tilletia pachyderma''
* '' Tilletia pallida''
* '' Tilletia palpera''
* '' Tilletia pancicii''
* '' Tilletia panici''
* '' Tilletia panici-humilis''
* '' Tilletia paradoxa''
* '' Tilletia paspali''
* '' Tilletia patagonica''
* '' Tilletia pennisetina''
* '' Tilletia perotidis''
* '' Tilletia phalaridis''
* ''Tilletia poae
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* '' Tilletia polypogonis''
* '' Tilletia poonensis''
* '' Tilletia prostrata''
* '' Tilletia pseudochaetochloae''
* '' Tilletia pseudoraphidis''
* '' Tilletia puccinelliae''
* '' Tilletia puneana''
* '' Tilletia redfieldiae''
* '' Tilletia robeana''
* ''Tilletia rostrariae
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various Poaceae, grasses. ''Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and ''Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ...
''
* ''Tilletia rugispora
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* '' Tilletia sabaudiae''
* '' Tilletia salzmannii''
* ''Tilletia savilei
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice kerne ...
''
* '' Tilletia schenckiana''
* '' Tilletia scrobiculata''
* '' Tilletia secalis''
* ''Tilletia sehimatis
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* '' Tilletia sehimicola''
* ''Tilletia separata
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* '' Tilletia serbica''
* '' Tilletia sesleriae''
* '' Tilletia setariae''
* '' Tilletia setariae-palmiflorae''
* '' Tilletia setariae-parviflorae''
* '' Tilletia setariae-pumilae''
* '' Tilletia setariae-viridis''
* ''Tilletia setariicola
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice kerne ...
''
* '' Tilletia shivasii''
* '' Tilletia sleumeri''
* '' Tilletia sphaerocarpa''
* '' Tilletia sphaerococca''
* '' Tilletia sphenopodis''
* '' Tilletia spinulosa''
* ''Tilletia spodiopogonis
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice kerne ...
''
* '' Tilletia sporoboli''
* '' Tilletia sterilis''
* '' Tilletia subfusca''
* '' Tilletia sumatii''
* '' Tilletia taiana''
* '' Tilletia tanzanica''
* '' Tilletia texana''
* '' Tilletia thailandica''
* '' Tilletia themedae-anatherae''
* '' Tilletia themedicola''
* '' Tilletia thirumalacharii''
* ''Tilletia togwateei
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* '' Tilletia trachypogonis''
* '' Tilletia transiliensis''
* '' Tilletia transvaalensis''
* '' Tilletia tripogonellae''
* '' Tilletia tripogonis''
* '' Tilletia triraphidis''
* '' Tilletia triticina''
* '' Tilletia tritici-repentis''
* ''Tilletia tuberculata
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice kerne ...
''
* '' Tilletia tumefaciens''
* ''Tilletia vankyi
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* ''Tilletia velenovskyi
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* '' Tilletia ventenatae''
* '' Tilletia verrucosa''
* '' Tilletia vetiveriae''
* '' Tilletia viennotii''
* ''Tilletia vittata
''Tilletia'' is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. '' Tilletia indica'', which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and '' Tilletia horrida'', responsible for rice ker ...
''
* '' Tilletia walkeri''
* '' Tilletia whiteochloae''
* ''Tilletia wilcoxiana''
* ''Tilletia xerochloae''
* ''Tilletia yakirrae''
* ''Tilletia youngii''
* ''Tilletia zonata''
* ''Tilletia zundelii''
* ''Tilletiaria anomala''
Former species;
See also
* Common bunt
* Iraqi biological weapons program
References
Ustilaginomycotina
Taxa named by Edmond Tulasne
{{Ustilaginomycotina-stub