The Tiki Formation is a

Late Triassic The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch (geology), epoch of the Triassic geologic time scale, Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between annum, Ma and Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch ...

(

Carnian The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage of the Upper Triassic Series (or earliest age of the Late Triassic Epoch). It lasted from 237 to 227 million years ago (Ma). The Carnian is preceded by the Ladinian and is followe ...

Norian The Norian is a division of the Triassic Period. It has the rank of an age ( geochronology) or stage (chronostratigraphy). It lasted from ~227 to million years ago. It was preceded by the Carnian and succeeded by the Rhaetian. Stratigraphic ...

) geologic

formation Formation may refer to: Linguistics * Back-formation, the process of creating a new lexeme by removing or affixes * Word formation, the creation of a new word by adding affixes Mathematics and science * Cave formation or speleothem, a secondary ...

Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh (, ; meaning 'central province') is a state in central India. Its capital city, capital is Bhopal, and the largest city is Indore, with Jabalpur, Ujjain, Gwalior, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, Sagar, and Rewa, India, Rewa being the othe ...

, northern

India India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the ...

.Tiki Formation
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.org

Dinosaur Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is t ...

remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

. Phytosaur remains attributable to the genus ''

Volcanosuchus ''Volcanosuchus'' is an extinct genus of phytosaur from the Late Triassic Tiki Formation in India. The type species is ''V. statisticae.'' The phytosaur by the marginal overlapping of the nostrils by the antorbital fenestrae, external nares base ...

'' have also been found in the Tiki Formation.Chatterjee, 1978 The genera ''

Tikiodon ''Tikiodon'' is an extinct genus of mammaliamorphs that lived in what is now India during the Late Triassic. Its type and only species is ''Tikiodon cromptoni'', which is known from a single lower postcanine tooth discovered at the Tiki Format ...

'', ''

Tikitherium ''Tikitherium'' is an extinct genus of mammaliaforms from the Late Triassic. It is thought to be an insectivore and a close relative to Docodonta. ''Tikitherium'' refers to Tiki, the village located near the Tiki Formation where the specimen was ...

'' and '' Tikisuchus'' and species '' Rewaconodon tikiensis'', '' Hyperodapedon tikiensis'' and '' Parvodus tikiensis'' have been named after the Tiki Formation.

Fossil content

The following fossils have been described from the formation:

Cynodonts

Other fossils

Reptiles

* '' Hyperodapedon huxleyi''Lydekker, 1885 * '' H. tikiensis''Mukherjee & Ray, 2015 * '' Parasuchus hislopi'' * '' Tikisuchus romeri'' * ''

Volcanosuchus statisticae ''Volcanosuchus'' is an extinct genus of phytosaur from the Late Triassic Tiki Formation in India. The type species is ''V. statisticae.'' The phytosaur by the marginal overlapping of the nostrils by the antorbital fenestrae, external nares base ...

'' * Ornithischia indet.Datta et al., 2005 * Phytosauria indet.Mukherjee & Ray, 2012 * Pseudosuchia indet.Huene, 1940 * Sphenodontia indet. * Theropoda indet.

Temnospondyls

* '' Metoposaurus sp.''Chatterjee & Majumdar, 1987 * '' Cynodontia indet.''

Correlations

The Tiki Formation is considered a temporal equivalent of the

Lower Maleri Formation The Lower Maleri Formation is a sedimentary rock formation found in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, India. It is the lowermost member of the Pranhita–Godavari Basin. It is of late Carnian to early Norian age (Upper Triassic), and is notable for ...

. The majority of the Tiki Formation correlates with the Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina, the upper part of the

Santa Maria Formation The Santa Maria Formation is a sedimentary rock formation found in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is primarily Carnian in age ( Late Triassic), and is notable for its fossils of cynodonts, " rauisuchian" pseudosuchians, and early dinosaurs an ...

, and the overlying lower Caturrita Formation of Brazil, the Isalo II Beds of Madagascar, Lossiemouth Sandstone of Scotland, and the lower Tecovas Formation of the

Chinle Group The Chinle Formation is an Upper Triassic continental geological formation of fluvial, lacustrine, and palustrine to eolian deposits spread across the U.S. states of Nevada, Utah, northern Arizona, western New Mexico, and western Colorado. In Ne ...

of North America.

References

Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * * {{cite LSA , last= Lydekker , first=R , year=1885 , title=The Reptilia & Amphibia of the Maleria & Denwa Groups , journal= Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. Palaeontologia Indica, Series IV. Indian Pretertiary Vertebrata , volume=1 , pages=1–38 Geologic formations of India Triassic System of Asia Triassic India Carnian Stage Norian Stage Mudstone formations Sandstone formations Fluvial deposits Lacustrine deposits Paleontology in India Formations

Fossil content

Cynodonts

Other fossils

Reptiles

Temnospondyls

Amphibians

Fish

Flora

Correlations

See also

References

Bibliography