Ticuna–Yuri is a small family, perhaps even a
dialect continuum
A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of Variety (linguistics), language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring varieties are Mutual intelligibility, mutually intelligible, but the differences accumulat ...
, consisting of at least two, and perhaps three, known languages of South America: the major western Amazonian language
Ticuna
The Ticuna (also Magüta, Tucuna, Tikuna, or Tukuna) are an indigenous people of Brazil (36,000'')'', Colombia (6,000), and Peru (7,000). They are the most numerous tribe in the Brazilian Amazon.
History
The Ticuna were originally a tribe that ...
, the poorly attested and extinct
Yurí, and the scarcely known language of the largely uncontacted
Carabayo
The Carabayo (who perhaps call themselves Yacumo) are an uncontacted people of Colombia living in at least three long houses, known as ''malokas'', along the Rio Puré (now the Río Puré National Park) in the southeastern corner of the country. ...
. Kaufman (2007: 68) also adds
Munichi to the family.
[Kaufman, Terrence. 2007. South America. In: R. E. Asher and Christopher Moseley (eds.), ''Atlas of the World’s Languages (2nd edition)'', 59–94. London: Routledge.]
Kaufman (1990, 1994) argues that the connection between the two is convincing even with the limited information available. Carvalho (2009) presented "compelling" evidence for the family (Campbell 2012).
Language contact
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the
Andoke-Urekena,
Arawak
The Arawak are a group of indigenous peoples of northern South America and of the Caribbean. Specifically, the term "Arawak" has been applied at various times to the Lokono of South America and the Taíno, who historically lived in the Greater ...
,
Arutani,
Máku, and
Tukano
The Tucano people (sometimes spelt Tukano) are a group of Indigenous South Americans in the northwestern Amazon, along the Vaupés River and the surrounding area. They are mostly in Colombia, but some are in Brazil. They are us ...
language families due to contact.
Bibliography
*Anderson, D. (1962). Conversational Ticuna. Yarinacocha: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
*Anderson, L. (1961). Vocabulario breve del idioma ticuna. Tradición, 8:53-68.
*de Alviano, F. (1944). Gramática, dictionário, verbos e frases e vocabulário prático da léngua dos índios ticunas. Rio de Janeiro: Imprensa Nacional.
*Goulard, J.; Rodriguez Montes, M. E. (2013). Los yurí/juri-tikuna en el complejo socio-lingüístico del Noroeste Amazónico. LIAMES, 13:7-65.
*Montes Rodríguez, M. E. (2003). Morfosintaxis de la lengua Tikuna (Amazonía colombiana). (CESO-CCELA, Descripciones, 15). Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes.
References
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ticuna-Yuri languages
Language families