![Tang Liangli](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Tang_Liangli.jpg)
Thung Liang Lee or Tang Liangli (
traditional Chinese
A tradition is a belief or behavior (folk custom) passed down within a group or society with symbolic meaning or special significance with origins in the past. A component of cultural expressions and folklore, common examples include holidays or ...
: ;
simplified Chinese
Simplification, Simplify, or Simplified may refer to:
Mathematics
Simplification is the process of replacing a mathematical expression by an equivalent one, that is simpler (usually shorter), for example
* Simplification of algebraic expressions, ...
: ;
pinyin
Hanyu Pinyin (), often shortened to just pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Mandarin Chinese in China, and to some extent, in Singapore and Malaysia. It is often used to teach Mandarin, normally written in Chinese for ...
: Tāng Liánglǐ) (1901–1970) was a journalist and politician in the
Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
. He was an important politician during the
Wang Jingwei regime
The Wang Jingwei regime or the Wang Ching-wei regime is the common name of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China ( zh , t = 中華民國國民政府 , p = Zhōnghuá Mínguó Guómín Zhèngfǔ ), the government of the pup ...
(Republic of China-Nanjing). He was an
overseas Chinese
Overseas Chinese () refers to people of Chinese birth or ethnicity who reside outside Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. As of 2011, there were over 40.3 million overseas Chinese.
Terminology
() or ''Hoan-kheh'' () in Hokkien, refe ...
who was born in
Java
Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...
,
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
, and whose family place of origin was
Fujian
Fujian (; alternately romanized as Fukien or Hokkien) is a province on the southeastern coast of China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its capi ...
. His Indonesian name was Tubagus Pranata Tirtawidjaya.
Biography
Journalist
T'ang Leang-Li spoke English better than Chinese. He studied at
London University
The University of London (UoL; abbreviated as Lond or more rarely Londin in post-nominals) is a federal public research university located in London, England, United Kingdom. The university was established by royal charter in 1836 as a degree- ...
and
Vienna University
The University of Vienna (german: Universität Wien) is a public university, public research university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the Geogra ...
. In 1925 he acquired a B.Sc (Economics), from London University, and was recommended as a member of the
Royal Economic Society
The Royal Economic Society (RES) is a professional association that promotes the study of economic science in academia, government service, banking, industry, and public affairs. Originally established in 1890 as the British Economic Association, ...
.
In 1929, T'ang was appointed chief of the Communications Office to Europe, Central Executive Committee,
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially on the Chinese mainland and in Tai ...
(). The next year, he returned to China and became
Wang Jingwei
Wang Jingwei (4 May 1883 – 10 November 1944), born as Wang Zhaoming and widely known by his pen name Jingwei, was a Chinese politician. He was initially a member of the left wing of the Kuomintang, leading a government in Wuhan in oppositi ...
's private secretary and a reporter for several foreign presses, including ''The
New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid d ...
'', ''The Daily News'' (London), ''The
Batavia
Batavia may refer to:
Historical places
* Batavia (region), a land inhabited by the Batavian people during the Roman Empire, today part of the Netherlands
* Batavia, Dutch East Indies, present-day Jakarta, the former capital of the Dutch East In ...
Newspaper'', and the news agency of the
Social Democratic Party of Germany
The Social Democratic Party of Germany (german: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, ; SPD, ) is a centre-left social democratic political party in Germany. It is one of the major parties of contemporary Germany.
Saskia Esken has been the ...
. He was also appointed president of ''Lianhua Shubao'' () and general editor of ''The People's Tribune: A Journal of Fact and Opinion about China and Other Countries'' (China United Press, 1931-1942).
In 1931,
Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai (; 5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was a Chinese statesman and military officer who served as the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, premier of the People's Republic of China from 1 October 1949 until his death on 8 J ...
who managed the central leading authority of the
Chinese Communist Party
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CCP emerged victoriou ...
in Shanghai, was pressured heavily by the Kuomintang. At that time, T'ang hid Zhou from the Kuomintang authorities, and with the assistance of a Western friend, enabled Zhou's escape from Shanghai.
In 1933, T'ang was appointed as an adviser to the Foreign Ministry,
National Government, with minister extraordinary and plenipotentiary status. After that he became a general editor of the ''"China Today" Series'' and the ''English Encyclopedia of Modern China''. During that time, he wrote extensively in English, with many of his works becoming influential both inside and outside China. Among these are, ''The New Currency System in China'' (1937), which was referred to by
Milton Friedman
Milton Friedman (; July 31, 1912 – November 16, 2006) was an American economist and statistician who received the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and the ...
.
In the Wang Jingwei regime
In March 1940, when the
Wang Jingwei regime
The Wang Jingwei regime or the Wang Ching-wei regime is the common name of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China ( zh , t = 中華民國國民政府 , p = Zhōnghuá Mínguó Guómín Zhèngfǔ ), the government of the pup ...
was established, T'ang assumed formal office in the regime. In August of the same year, he was appointed director of the International Publicity Bureau (), remaining at this post until the collapse of the regime following Japan's surrender in 1945. From May to August 1941 he also held the post of Policy Affairs Vice-Minister for the Foreign Affairs Ministry.
After the Wang Jingwei regime had collapsed, T'ang was arrested by
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary, and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1928 ...
's National Government; however, for unknown reasons, he was soon released. In 1949, he returned to Indonesia and lived in
Jakarta
Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta ...
. He participated in editing ''The Indonesian Review of International Affairs'', and was interviewed by Japanese political scientist Tatsuo Yamada (who specialized in Chinese politics) on December 17, 1969.
T'ang Leang-Li died in 1970.
[Kessler,''op.cit.'' But Yamada (p.115), which was published in October 1972, did not write about T'ang's death.]
Works
*''China in Revolt'' (London, 1927. German ed. 1930)
*''The Foundation of Modern China'' (London, 1928. Malay ed. Batavia, 1930)
*''The Inner History of the Chinese Revolution'' (London & New York, 1930)
*''Wang Ching-wei: A Political Biography'' (Tientsin, 1931)
*''Suppressing Communist Banditry in China'' (China United Press (Shanghai), 1934, "China Today" series, 1)
*''Reconstruction in China : A Record of Progress and Achievement in Facts and Figures'' (China United Press (Shanghai)(Shanghai), 1934, "China Today" series, 3)
*''The Puppet State of Manchukuo'' (China United Press (Shanghai), 1935, "China Today" series, 4)
*''The New Social Order in China'' (China United Press (Shanghai), 1936, "China Today" series, 6)
*''China Facts and Fancies'' (China United Press (Shanghai), 1936, "China Today" series, 7)
*''China's New Currency System'' (China United Press (Shanghai), 1936, "China Today" series, 8)
*''The New Currency System in China'' (), 1937)
*Tomizou Nakayama (translator), ''The Organizations and Prospects of Chinese Society, A Guidepost for New China'' (), Ikuseisya (育生社), 1940.
*《》, 國民外交討論會, 1941
*''American Imperialism in China'' (, 1943 (Chinese Version, 1944年)
*, published year was unknown.
*Tatsuo Yamada (translator), ''Wang Jingwei - A Peaceful Warrior in Eastern Asia'' , Vol.45, No.10, October, 1972.
Alma mater
*
University of London
The University of London (UoL; abbreviated as Lond or more rarely Londin in post-nominals) is a federal public research university located in London, England, United Kingdom. The university was established by royal charter in 1836 as a degree ...
*
University of Vienna
The University of Vienna (german: Universität Wien) is a public research university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world. With its long and rich histor ...
References
Footnotes
*
Liang Jie (), "Friedman and the Issue of the Chinese Currency" (), November 20, 2006
People's Daily Online ()
*
Tatsuo Yamada (山田辰雄), "Interview from T'ang Leang-Li" (), 『』Keio University
, mottoeng = The pen is mightier than the sword
, type = Private research coeducational higher education institution
, established = 1858
, founder = Yukichi Fukuzawa
, endowmen ...
, Vol.45, No.10, October, 1972
*
Lawrence Kessler,"Reconstructing Zhou Enlai's Escape from Shanghai in 1931: A Research Note," ''Twentieth-Century China'', Volume 34, Number 2, 2008.
*
Zhai Yaliu (), "A Foreigner who let Zhou Enlai escape from Shanghai in 1931," ()」 ''Bainianshu''(), Number 9, 2010.
*
*
*
*
''History of Prison in Shanghai'' ()
The Office of Shanghai’s History (上海地方志办公室) Website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tang, Liangli
Members of the Kuomintang
Politicians of the Republic of China
Republic of China journalists
Chinese collaborators with Imperial Japan
Indonesian collaborators with Imperial Japan
Kuomintang collaborators with Imperial Japan
1901 births
1970 deaths
Alumni of the University of London
People from Java
Indonesian people of Chinese descent
Indonesian Hokkien people
Indonesian emigrants to China