The Thunder Bay Expressway, originally known as the Lakehead Expressway is a high-capacity at-grade suburban
limited-access road
A limited-access road, known by various terms worldwide, including limited-access highway, dual-carriageway, expressway, limited access freeway, and partial controlled access highway, is a highway or arterial road for high-speed traffic which ...
around the western side of
Thunder Bay
Thunder Bay is a city in and the seat of Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada. It is the most populous municipality in Northwestern Ontario and the second most populous (after Greater Sudbury) municipality in Northern Ontario; its population ...
in the
Canadian province
Within the geographical areas of Canada, the ten provinces and three territories are sub-national administrative divisions under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Constitution. In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North ...
of
Ontario
Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central Ca ...
. The route travels in a generally north–south direction on the city's west side. It is
signed as part of
Highway 61 at its southern end, and as part of the
concurrent
Concurrent means happening at the same time. Concurrency, concurrent, or concurrence may refer to:
Law
* Concurrence, in jurisprudence, the need to prove both ''actus reus'' and ''mens rea''
* Concurring opinion (also called a "concurrence"), a ...
route of
Highway 11 and
Highway 17. The expressway features several
at-grade intersections between its southern terminus at Arthur Street West and the
Harbour Expressway
The Harbour Expressway is a four-lane highway with signalized intersections running the Intercity business district of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
Thunder Bay City Council looked at renaming the road since it doesn not fit the general definit ...
and its northeastern terminus at Hodder Avenue.
The Thunder Bay Expressway was built throughout the mid-to-late 1960s, and opened in stages between mid-1967 and late 1970. The old routes of Highway11/17 and Highway61 through Thunder Bay were redesignated as
Highway 11B/
17B and
Highway 61B. Work is now ongoing to twin Highway11/17 northeast to
Nipigon
Nipigon () is a township in Thunder Bay District, Northwestern Ontario, Canada, located along the west side of the Nipigon River and south of the small Lake Helen running between Lake Nipigon and Lake Superior. Lake Nipigon is located approximat ...
.
Route description
The Thunder Bay Expressway forms the southernmost portion of the
Terry Fox
Terrance Stanley Fox (July 28, 1958 June 28, 1981) was a Canadian athlete, humanitarian, and cancer research activist. In 1980, with one leg having been amputated due to cancer, he embarked on an east-to-west cross-Canada run to raise money ...
Courage Highway, which continues east to Nipigon along the Trans-Canada Highway.
Between Arthur Street and the
Harbour Expressway
The Harbour Expressway is a four-lane highway with signalized intersections running the Intercity business district of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
Thunder Bay City Council looked at renaming the road since it doesn not fit the general definit ...
, the route is designated as part of Highway61, while between there and the northeastern terminus at Hodder Avenue it is designated as part of Highway11 and Highway17, and as a portion of the
Trans-Canada Highway
The Trans-Canada Highway ( French: ; abbreviated as the TCH or T-Can) is a transcontinental federal–provincial highway system that travels through all ten provinces of Canada, from the Pacific Ocean on the west coast to the Atlantic Ocean o ...
.
The entire route is four lanes and undivided, with an exception between Balsam Street and Hodder Avenue where the opposing lanes are separated by a grass
median
In statistics and probability theory, the median is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be thought of as "the middle" value. The basic fe ...
.
Aside from Hodder Avenue, it features signalised at-grade intersections at the six other crossroads along its length.
The Thunder Bay Expressway begins in the south at Arthur Street West, which was once the route of Highway11 and Highway17 west from Thunder Bay prior to 2008. To the south, Highway61 continues towards the American border. Travelling north, the Thunder Bay Expressway is designated as the northernmost segment of Highway61. Featuring a
right-of-way
Right of way is the legal right, established by grant from a landowner or long usage (i.e. by prescription), to pass along a specific route through property belonging to another.
A similar ''right of access'' also exists on land held by a gov ...
sandwiched between residential subdivisions, the four lane undivided road crosses over the
Neebing River
The Neebing River is a freshwater river in Canada. It extends along the western portions of Thunder Bay
Thunder Bay is a city in and the seat of Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada. It is the most populous municipality in Northwestern Ontari ...
. It curves to the northeast, with a large swamp to the west and subdivisions to the east. The expressway reaches a signalised intersection with Highways11 and 17, which continue west along the Shabaqua Highway; the Highway61 designation ends at this intersection, and Highways11 and 17 turn northward along the expressway.
Continuing north, the Thunder Bay Expressway travels through an undeveloped area of the city. It encounters an intersection with Oliver Road before becoming surrounded by forests. It curves northeast over a branch of the McIntyre River at
McIntyre Falls
McIntyre, McEntire, MacIntyre, McAteer, and McIntire are Scottish and Irish surnames derived from the Gaelic ' literally meaning "Son of the Craftsman or Mason", but more commonly cited as "son of the Carpenter."Scottish Clans: MacIntyre - Origin ...
, then follows parallel to and north of Golf Links Road. The route becomes sandwiched between residential subdivisions again as it approaches an intersection with John Street. It continues, intersecting the eastern terminus of
Highway 102, before crossing McVicar Creek. The route intersects Balsam Street before leaving urban Thunder Bay and entering into forests, at which point the opposing lanes become separated by a grass median. After travelling parallel to the
Current River for a short distance, the Thunder Bay Expressway crosses the river and curves east to encounter its only interchange, with Hodder Avenue. From there, the divided freeway continues east towards Nipigon.
History
In 1963, Charles MacNaughton, minister of the Department of Highways, announced plans for the Lakehead Expressway to be built on the western edge of the twin cities of Port Arthur and Fort William (which amalgamated in 1970 to form Thunder Bay).
Work began in August 1965, with a contract for a section of divided highway on the west side of the twin cities.
Plans called for a at-grade expressway from South of Arthur Street to meet Highway 11 and Highway 17 northeast of the cities.
The first section of the expressway opened on August 29, 1967, connecting Oliver Road (then part of
Highway 130) and Golf Links Road with Dawson Road (
Highway 102).
By mid- to late 1969, the route had been extended to
Highway 527 northeast of the twin cities and to Highway 11 and Highway 17 (Arthur Street) at the site of the future
Harbour Expressway
The Harbour Expressway is a four-lane highway with signalized intersections running the Intercity business district of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
Thunder Bay City Council looked at renaming the road since it doesn not fit the general definit ...
.
By late 1970, the route had been extended southward from Arthur Street to Neebing Avenue / Walsh Street West. At this time, Highway 11/17 and Highway 61 were rerouted along the completed expressway. The old routes through Thunder Bay were redesignated as
Highway 11B/
17B and
Highway 61B.
However, these routes were decommissioned in 1998.
In 2003 plans were announced for the Shabaqua extension, a bypass of Highways11 and 17 to the north of the existing route along Arthur Street West.
The new bypass was opened on August17, 2007; as a result, the southernmost of the Thunder Bay Expressway became part of Highway61.
Future
The Thunder Bay Expressway was built originally with the intention to widen it into a full freeway with
grade-separated
In civil engineering (more specifically highway engineering), grade separation is a method of aligning a junction of two or more surface transport axes at different heights (grades) so that they will not disrupt the traffic flow on other tran ...
interchanges throughout its length. Studies into building these interchanges began in the 1990s before being abandoned. In 2013, studies resumed,
however no design or funding has been announced as of 2022.
Major intersections
References
{{reflist
Roads in Thunder Bay
Urban segments of the Trans-Canada Highway
Ring roads in Canada