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In Christian angelology
In Christianity, angels are the agents of God. Various works of Christian theology have devised hierarchies of angelic beings. The most influential Christian angelic hierarchy was put forward around the turn of the 6th century AD by Pseudo-Di ...
, thrones ( grc, θρόνος, pl. θρόνοι; la, thronus, pl. ''throni'') are a class of angels. This is based on an interpretation of . According to 1 Peter 3:21–22, Christ had gone to Heaven and "angels and authorities and powers" had been made subject to him.
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (or Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite) was a Greek author, Christian theologian and Neoplatonic philosopher of the late 5th to early 6th century, who wrote a set of works known as the ''Corpus Areopagiticum'' or ...
in his work De Coelesti Hierarchia includes the thrones as the third highest of nine levels of angels.
Christian angelology
According to Matthew Bunson, the corresponding order of angels in Judaism is called the ''abalim'' or ''arelim''/''erelim Erelim (, ''ʾErʾellīm''; sing. אֶרְאֵל, ''ʾErʾēl''; “valiant ones”), is a class of angel whose existence is derived from a verse in the book of Isaiah regarding the impending invasion of Jerusalem by Sennacherib during the reign of ...
'',Bunson, Matthew. ''Angels A to Z''. New York:Crown Trade Paperbacks, 1996. . but this opinion is far from universal. The Hebrew word ''erelim'' is usually not translated "thrones", but rather "valiant ones", "heroes", or "warriors". The function ascribed to ''erelim'' in and in Jewish folkloreLouis Ginzberg: Legends of the Jews 5:23, n. 64; 5:417, n. 117 is not consistent with the lore surrounding the thrones.
Thrones are sometimes equated with ophanim since the throne of God is usually depicted as being moved by wheels, as in the vision of (Old Testament). Rosemary Ellen Guiley (1996: p. 37) states that:
Notes
References
* Bunson, Matthew. ''Angels A to Z''. New York:Crown Trade Paperbacks, 1996. * Gulley, Rosemary Ellen (1996). ''Encyclopedia of Angels''.External links
{{Angels in Abrahamic religions Angels in Christianity Classes of angels