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is a leading
English contract law English contract law is the body of law that regulates legally binding agreements in England and Wales. With its roots in the lex mercatoria and the activism of the judiciary during the industrial revolution, it shares a heritage with countries ...
case. It gives a good example of the rule that a clause cannot be incorporated after a contract has been concluded, without reasonable notice before. Also, it was held that an automatic ticket machine was an offer, rather than an
invitation to treat An invitation to treat (or invitation to bargain in the United States) is a concept within contract law which comes from the Latin phrase ''invitatio ad offerendum'', meaning "inviting an offer". According to Professor Andrew Burrows, an invita ...
. Although the case is important for these two propositions, today any exclusion of negligence liability for personal injury by businesses is prohibited by the
Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977c 50 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom which regulates contracts by restricting the operation and legality of some contract terms. It extends to nearly all forms of contract and one of its most im ...
s 2(1) and the
Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999SI 1999/2083 is an old UK statutory instrument, which had implemented the EU (then EEC) Unfair Consumer Contract Terms Directivebr>93/13/EECinto domestic law.Implemented under the European C ...
Sch 2, para(a).


Facts

Francis Thornton, "a free lance
trumpeter The trumpet is a brass instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles. The trumpet group ranges from the piccolo trumpet—with the highest register in the brass family—to the bass trumpet, pitched one octave below the standard B ...
of the highest quality", drove to the entrance of the
multi-storey car park A multistorey car park ( British and Singapore English) or parking garage (American English), also called a multistory, parking building, parking structure, parkade (mainly Canadian), parking ramp, parking deck or indoor parking, is a bui ...
on Shoe Lane, before attending a performance at Farringdon Hall with the
BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
...
. He took a ticket from the
ticket machine A ticket machine, also known as a ticket vending machine (TVM), is a vending machine that produces paper or electronic tickets, or recharges a stored-value card or smart card or the user's mobile wallet, typically on a smartphone. For instanc ...
and parked his car. It said
"This ticket is issued subject to the conditions of issue as displayed on the premises".
On the car park pillars near the paying office there was a list, one excluding liability for
"injury to the Customer … howsoever that loss, misdelivery, damage or injury shall be caused".
Three hours later he had an accident before getting into his car. The car park operator argued that the judge should have held the matter regulated by this contract, not tort.


Judgment

Lord Denning MR Alfred Thompson "Tom" Denning, Baron Denning (23 January 1899 – 5 March 1999) was an English lawyer and judge. He was called to the bar of England and Wales in 1923 and became a King's Counsel in 1938. Denning became a judge in 1944 when ...
held that the more onerous the clause, the better notice of it needed to be given. Moreover, the contract was already concluded when the ticket came out of the machine, and so any condition on it could not be incorporated in the contract. Megaw LJ and Sir Gordon Willmer agreed with the onerous point, but reserved their opinions on where the contract was concluded. Furthermore, Sir Gordon distinguished this from the other ticket cases based upon the fact that a human clerk proffered the ticket and the buyer had the opportunity to say I do not like those conditions.


See also

*'' Parker v South Eastern Railway Company'' (1877) 2 CPD 416 *''
Chapelton v Barry UDC ''Chapelton v Barry Urban District Council'' 9401 KB 532, the "deckchair case",England and Wales Court of AppealThornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd 970EWCA Civ 2, 18 December 1970, accessed 5 November 2020 is an English contract law case on offer a ...
''
940 Year 940 ( CMXL) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * The tribe of the Polans begins the construction of the following fortified settlements (Gi ...
1 KB 532 *''
Olley v Marlborough Court Hotel ''Olley v Marlborough Court Hotel'[1949] 1 KB 532is an English contract law case on exclusion clauses in contract law. The case stood for the proposition that a representation made by one party cannot become a term of a contract if made ...
''
949 Year 949 ( CMXLIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Arab-Byzantine War: Hamdanid forces under Sayf al-Dawla raid into the theme of Ly ...
1 KB 532 *''
J Spurling Ltd v Bradshaw is an English contract law and English property law case on exclusion clauses and bailment. It is best known for Denning LJ's "red hand rule" comment, where he said, Facts J Spurling Ltd had a warehouse in East London. Mr Andrew Bradshaw ...
'' 9561 WLR 461 *'' Interfoto Picture Library Ltd v Stiletto Visual Programmes Ltd'' 989QB 433 *''
George Mitchell v Finney Lock Seeds Ltd ''George Mitchell (Chesterhall) Ltd v Finney Lock Seeds Ltd'' 982EWCA Civ 5and 9832 AC 803 is a case concerning the sale of goods and exclusion clauses. It was decided under the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 and the Sale of Goods Act 1979. ...
'' [1983QB 284


Notes


References

{{reflist, 2


External links


Full text of the decision at BAILII
Lord Denning cases English incorporation case law English unfair terms case law 1970 in British law Court of Appeal (England and Wales) cases 1970 in case law