Thomas Holloway (1748
Broad Street,
London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
– 28 February 1827
Coltishall
Coltishall is a village on the River Bure, west of Wroxham, in the English county of Norfolk. The village is located within the Norfolk Broads.
History
Coltishall's name is of Anglo-Saxon origin and derives from the Old English for Cohhede's lan ...
) was an English portrait painter and engraver.
Holloway was apprenticed to a
seal
Seal may refer to any of the following:
Common uses
* Pinniped, a diverse group of semi-aquatic marine mammals, many of which are commonly called seals, particularly:
** Earless seal, or "true seal"
** Fur seal
* Seal (emblem), a device to impr ...
engraver named Stent at a young age. He went on to study engraving at the
Royal Academy
The Royal Academy of Arts (RA) is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly in London. Founded in 1768, it has a unique position as an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects. Its pur ...
beginning in 1773, during which time he resided at 11 Beaches Row, near Charles Square,
Hoxton
Hoxton is an area in the London Borough of Hackney, England. As a part of Shoreditch, it is often considered to be part of the East End – the historic core of wider East London. It was historically in the county of Middlesex until 1889. I ...
, and exhibited pastel portraits at the
Society of Artists in 1777. He later lived in Orme House in
Hampton
Hampton may refer to:
Places Australia
*Hampton bioregion, an IBRA biogeographic region in Western Australia
*Hampton, New South Wales
*Hampton, Queensland, a town in the Toowoomba Region
* Hampton, Victoria
Canada
* Hampton, New Brunswick
*Ha ...
,
Edgefield, Norfolk
Edgefield is a village and a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is located south of Holt, north-east of Melton Constable and of Norwich.
History
Edgefield's name is of Anglo-Saxon origin and derives from the Old Engl ...
, and
Coltishall, Norfolk. He became a court engraver in 1792.
Life
Born in Broad Street, London, he was eldest son of a merchant who was an early follower of
John Wesley
John Wesley (; 2 March 1791) was an English people, English cleric, Christian theology, theologian, and Evangelism, evangelist who was a leader of a Christian revival, revival movement within the Church of England known as Methodism. The soci ...
; his mother's portrait was painted by
John Russell. He was articled to a seal-engraver named Stent, by whom he was mainly employed in carving steel ornaments. He subsequently attended the
Royal Academy
The Royal Academy of Arts (RA) is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly in London. Founded in 1768, it has a unique position as an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects. Its pur ...
schools, and in 1773 first appeared at the Royal Academy as an exhibitor of seals and engraved gems. Later and up to 1792 he was a contributor of miniatures and portraits in oils and crayons.
Holloway was a
Baptist
Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only (believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul compete ...
.
He died unmarried at Coltishall, near Norwich, 29 February 1827, in his 80th year.
Works
Holloway's main direction was
line engraving
Line engraving is a term for engraved images printed on paper to be used as prints or illustrations. The term is mainly used in connection with 18th- or 19th-century commercial illustrations for magazines and books or reproductions of paintings. ...
. His earliest published plates were small portraits for magazines, chiefly of nonconformist ministers. He later undertook an edition of
Johann Kaspar Lavater
Johann Kaspar (or Caspar) Lavater (; 15 November 1741 – 2 January 1801) was a Swiss poet, writer, philosopher, physiognomist and theologian.
Early life
Lavater was born in Zürich, and was educated at the '' Gymnasium'' there, where J. J. ...
's ''Essays on Physiognomy'', translated by
Henry Hunter, 5 vols., 1789–98. The work was illustrated with about 800 plates executed by Holloway himself,
Francesco Bartolozzi
__NOTOC__
Francesco Bartolozzi (21 September 1727, in Florence – 7 March 1815, in Lisbon) was an Italian engraver, whose most productive period was spent in London. He is noted for popularizing the "crayon" method of engraving.
Early life
B ...
,
William Blake
William Blake (28 November 1757 – 12 August 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognised during his life, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of the poetry and visual art of the Romantic Age. ...
, and other engravers, under the direction of
Henry Fuseli
Henry Fuseli ( ; German: Johann Heinrich Füssli ; 7 February 1741 – 17 April 1825) was a Swiss painter, draughtsman and writer on art who spent much of his life in Britain. Many of his works, such as ''The Nightmare'', deal with supernatura ...
.
His portraits included those of
Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk
Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk (15 March 1746 – 16 December 1815), styled Earl of Surrey from 1777 to 1786, was a British nobleman, peer, and politician. He was the son of Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk and Catherine Brockho ...
, after
Robert Edge Pine
Robert Edge Pine (1730, London – November 18, 1788, Philadelphia) was an English people, English portrait and historical painter, born in London. He was the son of John Pine, the engraver and designer.
He painted portraits, such as those of Geor ...
, and of
Timothy Priestley
Timothy Priestley (19 June 1734 – 23 April 1814) was an English Independent minister. The younger brother of Joseph Priestley, he was a collaborator in making electrical apparatus.
Life
The second child of Jonas and Mary Priestley, was born at ...
, 1792, and
Richard Price
Richard Price (23 February 1723 – 19 April 1791) was a British moral philosopher, Nonconformist minister and mathematician. He was also a political reformer, pamphleteer, active in radical, republican, and liberal causes such as the French ...
, after
Benjamin West
Benjamin West, (October 10, 1738 – March 11, 1820) was a British-American artist who painted famous historical scenes such as '' The Death of Nelson'', ''The Death of General Wolfe'', the '' Treaty of Paris'', and '' Benjamin Franklin Drawin ...
, 1793. He was also employed on the illustrations to
John Boydell
John Boydell (; 19 January 1720 (New Style) – 12 December 1804) was a British publisher noted for his reproductions of engravings. He helped alter the trade imbalance between Britain and France in engravings and initiated a British tradition i ...
's ''Shakespeare'',
Robert Bowyer's ''
History of England
England became inhabited more than 800,000 years ago, as the discovery of stone tools and footprints at Happisburgh in Norfolk have indicated.; "Earliest footprints outside Africa discovered in Norfolk" (2014). BBC News. Retrieved 7 February ...
'', and
Bell's ''British Theatre''.
The Raphael cartoons
Holloway is noted for his arduous engravings of cartoons by
Raphael
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, better known as Raphael (; or ; March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. List of works by Raphael, His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of ...
at
Windsor Castle
Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire. It is strongly associated with the English and succeeding British royal family, and embodies almost a millennium of architectural history.
The original cast ...
in 1800, on which he worked for 30 years.
[Clarke. The Georgian Era: Political and rural economists. Painters, sculptors, architects, and engravers. Composers. Vocal, instrumental and dramatic performers. Vizetelly, Branston and co., 1834. Engravers: Thomas Holloway, pp.217–219]
On Google Books
This ambitious project was a financial failure. The cartoons had already been engraved by
Nicolas Dorigny.
Through the influence of Benjamin West, Holloway obtained permission to engrave on a large scale the seven
Raphael cartoons
The Raphael Cartoons are seven large cartoons for tapestries, belonging to the British Royal Collection but since 1865 on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, designed by the High Renaissance painter Raphael in 1515–16 and showi ...
at Windsor, and to this task the remainder of his life was devoted. He engaged as assistants his former pupils, R. Slann and T. S. Webb, each of whom married a niece of Holloway, together with Joseph Thomson, an artist who died young. They worked together at Windsor until 1814, when the cartoons were moved to
Hampton Court
Hampton Court Palace is a Grade I listed royal palace in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, southwest and upstream of central London on the River Thames. The building of the palace began in 1514 for Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, the chief ...
.
On the completion of the first plate, ''Paul preaching at Athens'', in 1806, the king appointed Holloway his historical engraver; the second, ''Christ's Charge to Peter'', appeared in 1810; the third, ''The Death of Ananias'', in 1816; and the fourth, ''Elymas'', in 1820. In that year all the preliminary drawings were finished, and Holloway retired with his associates to Edgefield in Norfolk, and later to Coltishall, near Norwich, to pursue their work on the plates, of which the fifth, ''The Miraculous Draught of Fishes'', was issued in 1824. This was the last that Holloway lived to complete.
The sixth plate, ''Paul and Barnabas at Lystra'', was almost finished in 1827, and the seventh, ''Peter and John at the Beautiful Gate'', begun. The former appeared in the following year, 1828, but the completion of the latter was delayed until 1839, when it was published with a dedication to the Queen, and like the rest bore the names of Holloway, Slann, and Webb as the engravers and publishers.
Family
Holloway executed crayon portraits of himself and of his nephew, a naval captain. His brother John Holloway was at one time a popular lecturer on
animal magnetism
Animal magnetism, also known as mesmerism, was a protoscientific theory developed by German doctor Franz Mesmer in the 18th century in relation to what he claimed to be an invisible natural force (''Lebensmagnetismus'') possessed by all livi ...
; Thomas at one point lectured on his brother's behalf on the theory.
References
Attribution:
*
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Holloway, Thomas
1748 births
1827 deaths
18th-century English painters
English male painters
19th-century English painters
English engravers
English portrait painters
Painters from London
People from the London Borough of Hackney
People from Coltishall
19th-century English male artists
18th-century English male artists