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Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, 3rd Earl of Kent, KG, Earl Marshal (8 September 1372 – 7 January 1400) was an English nobleman and courtier.
Born on 8 September 1372, Thomas Holland was the eldest son and heir of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent (1350–1397), and Alice FitzAlan, daughter of Richard FitzAlan, 3rd Earl of Arundel. His father was a maternal half-brother of King Richard II, and the younger Thomas had two brothers and six sisters.
Shortly after 20 October 1392, Thomas Holland married Joan Stafford, daughter of Hugh, Earl of Stafford. They had no children. In 1394 he and his father accompanied the king to Ireland.
On his father's death in 1397 he succeeded him as 3rd Earl of Kent and 4th Baron Holland. At that time Kent's uncle King Richard II was removing the
Dukes of Exeter and Surrey
− Harley MS 1319 fol. 25
Online fragment
of
{{DEFAULTSORT:Surrey, Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of 1372 births 1400 deaths Earls Marshal Knights of the Garter People executed under the Lancastrians Executed people from Northamptonshire Dukes in the Peerage of England People from Fotheringhay People executed under the Plantagenets for treason against England Male Shakespearean characters Thomas Earls of Kent (1360 creation) 7 Lords Lieutenant of Ireland
Early life and family
Born on 8 September 1372, Thomas Holland was the eldest son and heir of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent (1350–1397), and Alice FitzAlan, daughter of Richard FitzAlan, 3rd Earl of Arundel. His father was a maternal half-brother of King Richard II, and the younger Thomas had two brothers and six sisters.
Shortly after 20 October 1392, Thomas Holland married Joan Stafford, daughter of Hugh, Earl of Stafford. They had no children. In 1394 he and his father accompanied the king to Ireland.
On his father's death in 1397 he succeeded him as 3rd Earl of Kent and 4th Baron Holland. At that time Kent's uncle King Richard II was removing the Duke of Gloucester
Duke of Gloucester () is a British royal title (after Gloucester), often conferred on one of the sons of the reigning monarch. The first four creations were in the Peerage of England and the last in the Peerage of the United Kingdom; the curren ...
and his associates from power, and sent Kent to arrest his own uncle, the Earl of Arundel. In reward he received a share of the forfeited estates, and on 29 September 1397 was created Duke of Surrey. Another uncle, the Earl of Huntingdon, was created Duke of Exeter on that day as well. In 1398 he founded Mount Grace Priory
Mount Grace Priory is a monastery in the parish of East Harlsey, North Yorkshire, England. Set in woodlands within the North York Moors National Park, it is represented today by the best preserved and most accessible ruins among the nine houses ...
in Yorkshire.
Last years and execution
Surrey, along with many of King Richard II's advisors, was arrested after the King's deposition by King Henry IV in 1399. In the end he had to forfeit the honours and estates he had gained after the arrests of Gloucester and Arundel, in particular the Dukedom of Surrey, although he retained the Earldom of Kent. Early in 1400, Kent, along with his uncle, the Earl of Huntingdon (no longer Duke of Exeter), plotted to kill King Henry IV and free King Richard II from prison and return him to the throne. This "Epiphany Rising
The Epiphany Rising was a failed rebellion against King Henry IV of England in early January 1400.
Background
Richard II rewarded those who had supported him against Gloucester and the Lords Appellant with a plethora of new titles. Upon the usur ...
" failed and Kent was captured and executed.
He was succeeded as Earl of Kent by his brother Edmund
Edmund is a masculine given name or surname in the English language. The name is derived from the Old English elements ''Ä“ad'', meaning "prosperity" or "riches", and ''mund'', meaning "protector".
Persons named Edmund include:
People Kings and ...
.
Ancestry
References
External links
Dukes of Exeter and Surrey
− Harley MS 1319 fol. 25
Online fragment
of
{{DEFAULTSORT:Surrey, Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of 1372 births 1400 deaths Earls Marshal Knights of the Garter People executed under the Lancastrians Executed people from Northamptonshire Dukes in the Peerage of England People from Fotheringhay People executed under the Plantagenets for treason against England Male Shakespearean characters Thomas Earls of Kent (1360 creation) 7 Lords Lieutenant of Ireland