Thomas Elliot Bowman III (October 21, 1918 – August 10, 1995) was an American

carcinologist A carcinologist is a scientist who studies crustaceans or is otherwise involved in carcinology Carcinology is a branch of zoology that consists of the study of crustaceans, a group of arthropods that includes lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, ...

best known for his studies of

isopod Isopoda is an order of crustaceans that includes woodlice and their relatives. Isopods live in the sea, in fresh water, or on land. All have rigid, segmented exoskeletons, two pairs of antennae, seven pairs of jointed limbs on the thorax, an ...

s and

copepod Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat (ecology), habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthos, benthic (living on the ocean floor) ...

s. Bowman was born and grew up in

Brooklyn Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, be ...

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...

. He graduated from

Kent School Kent School is a private, co-educational, college preparatory boarding school in Kent, Connecticut, United States. Frederick Herbert Sill established the school in 1906. It is affiliated with the Episcopal Church of the United States. Acade ...

in Kent, Connecticut in 1937 and

Harvard College Harvard College is the undergraduate college of Harvard University, an Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636, Harvard College is the original school of Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher lea ...

in 1941. During the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, he spent four years in the

U.S. Army The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution.Article II, section 2, cl ...

, gaining a degree in

veterinary medicine Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, management, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, disorder, and injury in animals. Along with this, it deals with animal rearing, husbandry, breeding, research on nutri ...

from the

University of Pennsylvania The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn or UPenn) is a private research university in Philadelphia. It is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and is ranked among the highest-regarded universitie ...

. Afterwards, he went to the

University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant u ...

, where he gained a

master's degree A master's degree (from Latin ) is an academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice.

, and then worked at the

Scripps Institution of Oceanography The Scripps Institution of Oceanography (sometimes referred to as SIO, Scripps Oceanography, or Scripps) in San Diego, California, US founded in 1903, is one of the oldest and largest centers for oceanography, ocean and Earth science research ...

, where he gained a

Ph.D. A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is a ...

(awarded by the

University of California, Los Angeles The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California. UCLA's academic roots were established in 1881 as a teachers college then known as the southern branch of the California St ...

). During his career, Bowman wrote 163 papers, using a style which has been likened to that of

Ernest Hemingway Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. His economical and understated style—which he termed the iceberg theory—had a strong influence on 20th-century fic ...

and

Albert Camus Albert Camus ( , ; ; 7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French philosopher, author, dramatist, and journalist. He was awarded the 1957 Nobel Prize in Literature at the age of 44, the second-youngest recipient in history. His work ...

. As well as describing 116 new species (including 55 isopods, 28 copepods, one

suctoria Suctoria are ciliates that become sessile in their developed stage and then lose their redundant cilia. They feed by extracellular digestion. They were originally thought to feed by suction – hence their name. In fact, they use specialized ...

n and one

chaetognath The Chaetognatha or chaetognaths (meaning ''bristle-jaws'') are a phylum of predatory marine worms that are a major component of plankton worldwide. Commonly known as arrow worms, about 20% of the known Chaetognatha species are benthic zone, be ...

), 16

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

and one order,

Mictacea Mictacea is a monotypic order of crustaceans. It was originally erected for three species of small shrimp-like animals of the deep sea and anchialine caves. They were placed in two families, the Mictocarididae and Hirsutiidae, but Hirsutiidae ...

, Bowman also produced significant works on the structural

homology Homology may refer to: Sciences Biology *Homology (biology), any characteristic of biological organisms that is derived from a common ancestor * Sequence homology, biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences *Homologous chrom ...

of the

telson The telson () is the posterior-most division of the body of an arthropod. Depending on the definition, the telson is either considered to be the final segment of the arthropod body, or an additional division that is not a true segment on accou ...

and the

evolution Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...

of stalked eyes.

Taxa

Several taxonomic names recognise Thomas Bowman: *'' Apseudes bowmani'' Gutu & Iliffe, 1989 *'' Bahalana bowmani'' Ortiz & Lenana, 1997 *'' Cymbasoma bowmani'' Suárez-Morales & Gasca, 1998 *'' Halicyclops bowmani'' Da Rocha & Iliffe, 1993 *'' Hansenium bowmani'' (Kensley, 1984) Taxa named by Bowman include: *''

Antrolana The Madison Cave isopod, ''Antrolana lira'', is a freshwater, cave-dwelling crustacean species. It is in the family Cirolanidae and it is the only species of its genus ''Antrolana''. This isopod can be found in flooded limestone caves and karst ...

'' Bowman, 1964 *'' Antrolana lira'' Bowman, 1964 *'' Bermudalana aruboides'' Bowman & Iliffe, 1983 *'' Dolobrotus mardeni'' T. E. Bowman, 1974 *'' Lirceus usdagalun'' Holsinger & Bowman, 1973 *'' Mexilana saluposi'' Bowman, 1975 *'' Mexistenasellus nulemex'' Bowman, 1982 *

Bowman, Garner, Hessler, Iliffe & Sanders, 1985 *

Mictocarididae ''Mictocaris halope'' is the only species of cave crustacean in the monotypic genus ''Mictocaris''. It is placed in its own family, Mictocarididae, and is sometimes considered the only member of the order Mictacea. ''Mictocaris'' is endemic to ...

Bowman & Iliffe, 1985 *''

Mictocaris ''Mictocaris halope'' is the only species of cave crustacean in the monotypic genus ''Mictocaris''. It is placed in its own family, Mictocarididae, and is sometimes considered the only member of the order Mictacea. ''Mictocaris'' is endemic to ...

'' Bowman & Iliffe, 1985 *''

Mictocaris halope ''Mictocaris halope'' is the only species of cave crustacean in the monotypic genus ''Mictocaris''. It is placed in its own family, Mictocarididae, and is sometimes considered the only member of the order Mictacea. ''Mictocaris'' is endemic to ...

'' Bowman & Iliffe, 1985 *'' Remasellus'' Bowman & Sket, 1985 *'' Sphaerolana karenae'' Rodriguez-Almaraz & Bowman, 1995 *'' Thermosphaeroma cavicauda'' Bowman, 1985 *'' Thermosphaeroma macrura'' Bowman, 1985 *'' Thermosphaeroma milleri'' Bowman, 1981 *'' Thermosphaeroma smithi'' Bowman, 1981

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bowman, Thomas Elliot 3 American carcinologists 1918 births 1995 deaths Harvard College alumni Kent School alumni University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine alumni University of California, Berkeley alumni University of California, Los Angeles alumni People from Brooklyn 20th-century American zoologists Scientists from New York (state)