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"Thirteenth" ( Sicilian: ''Tridicinu'') is an Italian
fairy tale A fairy tale (alternative names include fairytale, fairy story, magic tale, or wonder tale) is a short story that belongs to the folklore genre. Such stories typically feature magic (paranormal), magic, incantation, enchantments, and mythical ...
originally collected by Sicilian folklorist
Giuseppe Pitrè Giuseppe Pitrè (22 December 184110 April 1916) was an Italian folklorist, medical doctor, professor, and senator for Sicily. As a folklorist he is credited with extending the realm of folklore to include all manifestations of popular life. He is ...
and published by
Thomas Frederick Crane Thomas Frederick Crane (July 12, 1844 in New York – December 10, 1927) was an American folklorist, academic and lawyer. He studied law at Princeton, earned his undergraduate degree in 1864, and in 1867 graduated with an A.M. He then studied ...
in ''Italian Popular Tales''. It is Aarne-Thompson type 328, "The Boy Steals the Giant's Treasures".


Synopsis

A mother of thirteen sons motivates them to become fast runners, by arranging a competition each night: whoever reaches home first will enjoy the soup made from herbs their father has gathered. The youngest son, called Thirteenth, always wins, and as a result his brothers envy him and try to get rid of him. One day, the king promises a prize of gold for the hero who manages to steal the blanket of a giant in the vicinity. The brothers approach the king and tell him that Thirteenth boasts to be able to perform the feat. The king then asks that Thirteenth be brought before him, and demands that he do what he has bragged about. Thirteen, who never has pretended to be a monster slayer, protests, but to no avail. He has no choice but to head for the house of the giant. The monster is out, and only his wife is at home, but Thirteenth sneaks inside and hides under the bed. At night, the giant returns, eats his supper and goes to bed, where he tells his wife he can smell a human, and wants to eat it. The giantess thinks he is stupid; there are no humans around, so the giant goes to sleep. During the night Thirteenth pulls at the blanket to try to steal it, but the giant is stirred. The boy mews like a cat, and the giant is calmed, and falls asleep again. Thirteenth then seizes the blanket quickly and runs out. The giant wakes again, and notices the sound of the thief’s steps. After some time the king issues another reward if someone will bring him the giant’s horse. Thirteenth presents himself and asks for a silk ladder and a bag of cakes. At night he approaches the giant's stable. The horse neighs on seeing him, but Thirteenth calms it by offering it cake, and manages to ride it all the way to the king. Then the king declares that he wants the giant’s bolster. Thirteenth protests, since the bolster is full of little bells, which makes it impossible to steal it and sneak away unnoticed. The king insists and Thirteenth departs. He creeps under the ogre's bed and waits for the couple to retire. At midnight the couple is asleep, and Thirteenth stretches out his hand for the bolster, but the bells chime and the giant wakes. The giant’s wife believes that it is the wind that has stirred them, and the giant seemingly agrees and goes back to sleep. In reality he is pretending, since he now feels that it is time to catch the burglar. When Thirteenth stretches out his hand for the bolster again, the giant seizes his arm. To punish Thirteenth for his three crimes, the giant imprisons him in a barrel, fattening him up in order to eat him. Every few days the ogre feels Thirteenth’s finger, to measure the fattening process. The boy is steadily becoming fatter, and Thirteenth realises that his finger will reveal that he is fat enough for the giant to eat. He thus presents a mouse tail instead of the finger for the giant, who cannot tell, and believes the boy is not ready for slaughter. A few days later the giant wants to measure again, and this time Thirteenth uses a spindle to the same end. By the end of the month, Thirteenth cannot find anything else to use as a substitute for his finger, and had no choice but to stick it out. The giant is satisfied that the boy is fat enough, and calls his wife to prepare the boy for dinner, while he invites their relatives for the feast. When the stove is heated, the giantess releases Thirteenth from the barrel, asking him to help her prepare a lamb for dinner. But Thirteenth understands that he is in fact the lamb, and tricks the giantess to fall into the oven. When she is cooked, Thirteenth carves her up and serves her legs as a meal; and places her upper body in the bed, with strings attached to the head and hands, covered under a blanket. When the relatives arrive, the giant finds the table ready, and goes to the bedroom to invite his wife to dinner: Thirteenth answers no, by pulling the strings, but one of the relatives come to look for them, and notices that something is not right with the giantess. Thirteenth escapes from under the bed and manages to steal the bolster and reach the king. The king wants Thirteenth to complete his exploits by bringing back the giant himself. Thirteenth orders a very strong chest and disguises himself as a monk. At the giant's home, he pretends to be a man hunting for the evil Thirteenth to capture him in the chest. The monk asks the giant to test the strength of the chest, thus tricking the giant to climb into the chest. Thirteenth brings the giant to the king, who imprisons the giant, and rewards Thirteenth with all the riches and honour of the kingdom.


Analysis


Tale type

According to scholar
Jack Zipes Jack David Zipes (born June 7, 1937) is a professor emeritus of German, comparative literature, and cultural studies, who has published and lectured on German literature, critical theory, German Jewish culture, children's literature, and folklore. ...
, the tale is classified in the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as type ATU 328, "The Boy Steals the Ogre's Treasure".


Motifs

According to
Stith Thompson Stith Thompson (March 7, 1885 – January 10, 1976) was an American folklorist: he has been described as "America's most important folklorist". He is the "Thompson" of the Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index, which indexes folktales by type, and the ...
's second revision of the tale type index, tale type 328 contains the motif L10.1.1, "«Thirteenth» name of victorious youngest son".


Variants


Switzerland

In a Swiss Alpine tale published by Fritz Müller-Guggenbühl with the title ''Tredeschin'', the titular Tredeschin ("Little Thirteen") is the thirteenth son of a large family that lives in "Swiss Egandine, in the mountains of Graubünden". Tredeschin goes to Paris and finds work at the stables of the king of France. Eventually, the king's chamberlain notices the boy's singing prowess and invites him to play at the king's table to lift his spirits. Despite his talent, the boy cannot cheer up the king, for he is sullen over the loss of his precious possessions to the Empire of the Turk: his favourite white horse and his sky-blue brocaded quilt. Through cunning and disguise, Tredeschin obtains the king's items. Lastly, the king agrees to marry him to his daughter if he brings the Turk's talking parrot.Müller-Guggenbühl, Fritz (1958). ''Swiss-Alpine Folktales''.
Oxford University Press Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books ...
. pp. 154–162.


See also

*
Boots and the Troll "About Ash Lad, Who Stole the Troll's Silver Ducks, Coverlet, and Golden Harp" (Dano-Norwegian: ) is a Norwegian folktale collected by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe in '' Norwegian Folktales'' (''Norske Folkeeventyr'' No. 1), transl ...
*
Corvetto (fairy tale) "Corvetto" is an Italian literary fairy tale written by Giambattista Basile in his 1634 work, the "Pentamerone". It is Aarne-Thompson type 531. Other tales of this type include "The Firebird and Princess Vasilisa", "Ferdinand the Faithful and Fer ...
*
Dapplegrim Dapplegrim (Norwegian: ''Grimsborken'') is a Norwegian fairy tale collected by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe in their ''Norske Folkeeventyr''. Andrew Lang included it in ''The Red Fairy Book''. Plot A man, the youngest of 12 chi ...
*
Esben and the Witch Esben and the Witch (Danish language: ''Esben og Troldheksen'') is a Danish fairy tale first collected by Jens Kamp.Kamp, Jens. ''Danske Folkeminder, æventyr, Folkesagn, Gaader, Rim Og Folketro''. Odense: R. Nielsen, 1877. pp. 93-102. Andrew ...
*
Hansel and Gretel "Hansel and Gretel" (; german: Hänsel und Gretel ) is a German fairy tale collected by the German Brothers Grimm and published in 1812 in ''Grimm's Fairy Tales'' (KHM 15). It is also known as Little Step Brother and Little Step Sister. Hansel ...
*
How the Dragon was Tricked ''How the Dragon was Tricked'' is a Greek fairy tale collected by Johann Georg von Hahn in ''Griechische und Albanesische Märchen''. Andrew Lang included it in '' The Pink Fairy Book''. It is Aarne-Thompson type 328, the boy steals the giant's ...
*
Jack and the Beanstalk "Jack and the Beanstalk" is an English fairy tale. It appeared as "The Story of Jack Spriggins and the Enchanted Bean" in 1734 4th edition On Commons and as Benjamin Tabart's moralized "The History of Jack and the Bean-Stalk" in 1807. Henry Cole ...
*
The Gold-bearded Man The Gold-bearded Man ( Hungarian: ''Az aranszakállú embör'') is a Hungarian fairy tale collected by Laszlo Arany. It was translated and published as ''Der goldbärtige Mann'' by Elisabeth Rona-Sklárek in ''Ungarische Volksmährchen''. Andrew ...
*
The Grateful Beasts The Grateful Beasts (German: ''Die dankbaren Thiere'') is a Hungarian fairy tale collected by Georg von Gaal ( hu) in ''Mährchen der Magyaren'' (1822). The tale was also published by Hermann Kletke in ''Märchensaal'', Vol II (1845). Synopsis ...
*
The Little Girl Sold with the Pears "The Little Girl Sold with the Pears" (Italian: ''La bambina venduta con le pere'') is an Italian fairy tale published by Italo Calvino in ''Italian Folktales'', from Piedmont. Ruth Manning-Sanders included a variant, as "The Girl in the Basket", ...
*
The Three Aunts "The Three Aunts" is a Norwegian fairy tale collected by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe in ''Norske Folkeeventyr''.George Webbe Dasent, ''Popular Tales from the Norse''"The Three Aunts" Edinburgh: David Douglass, 1888. Synopsis A p ...


References


External links

{{wikisource, Italian Popular Tales/Chapter 1#XVIII, Thirteenth
SurLaLune Fairy Tale site ''Thirteenth''
Italian fairy tales ATU 300-399 Thomas Frederick Crane