Thijsse's Hof (The garden of Thijsse) is a
wildlife garden
A wildlife garden (or wild garden) is an environment created by a gardener that serves as a sustainable haven for surrounding wildlife. Wildlife gardens contain a variety of habitats that cater to native and local plants, birds, amphibian ...
in
Bloemendaal
Bloemendaal () is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Bloemendaal is, together with Wassenaar, the wealthiest place in the Netherlands.
In October 2015, after persistent problems with the local governa ...
, the
Netherlands
)
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, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
. It was created in 1925 on the occasion of the 60th birthday of
Jac. P. Thijsse, naturalist and nature conservationist. It is the oldest wildlife garden in the Netherlands, and one of the oldest of Europe, and in the world.
In Thijsse's Hof about 800 species of native plants can be found in South
Kennemerland
Kennemerland is a coastal region in the northwestern Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. It includes the sand dunes north of the North Sea Canal, as well as the dunes of Zuid-Kennemerland National Park.
History
Kennemerland gets it ...
, the region in which Bloemendaal is situated. Most of the plants are grown in natural vegetations. The garden is also a home for many birds. Its full name is ''Thijsse's Hof; planten- en vogeltuin in het Bloemendaalsche Bosch'' (Garden of Thijsse : garden for plants and birds in the Bloemendaal Wood).
[Most of the information in the first version of this page is taken from :nl:Thijsse's Hof on the Dutch Wikipedia, where (Dutch) sources are given (acquired 2016-10-22) and from an (English language) information leaflet, acquired in 2016 in Thijsse's Hof.]
History
![20160824ThijsseHof 16b](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/20160824ThijsseHof_16b.jpg)
In 1925 the garden was offered to Jac. P. Thijsse as a present for his 60th birthday. Friends of Thijsse wanted to honor Thijsse by creating a little garden, close to his house, where the plants and animals of the dune area could be displayed in a natural environment. It was known that this was already a long time wish of Thijsse. The garden was designed by the
landscape architect Leonard Springer.
In 1920 the Bloemendaal Wood had become the property of the municipality of
Bloemendaal
Bloemendaal () is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Bloemendaal is, together with Wassenaar, the wealthiest place in the Netherlands.
In October 2015, after persistent problems with the local governa ...
. A small terrain in the wood, behind the pancake house on the Mollaan, was
oak
An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' (; Latin "oak tree") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 500 extant species of oaks. The common name "oak" also appears in the names of species in related genera, notably ''L ...
coppice
Coppicing is a traditional method of woodland management which exploits the capacity of many species of trees to put out new shoots from their stump or roots if cut down. In a coppiced wood, which is called a copse, young tree stems are repeate ...
, where
potato
The potato is a starchy food, a tuber of the plant ''Solanum tuberosum'' and is a root vegetable native to the Americas. The plant is a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae.
Wild potato species can be found from the southern Unit ...
es were grown. This terrain of about 2 ha. was given to a foundation in the making, that would run the new wildlife garden.
Works were started on 2 January 1925. Thijsse himself was involved in the activities to create the garden. The design, created by Springer, is still largely intact. The garden was designed in a way, that in spring the herbs had plenty of light. Later in the year the shrubs start growing, and still later the bigger trees.
Thijsse became the first president of the foundation “Planten- en vogeltuin in het Bloemendaalsche Bosch”. The foundation was founded on 17 July 1925. At 25 July – his birthday – Thijsse received the special key to the special entrance that was created for him, close to his house. The garden was officially opened on 26 September. On that day it rained a lot.
The planting of the garden was done by Kees Sipkes, who ran a
nursery for
native plant
In biogeography, a native species is indigenous to a given region or ecosystem if its presence in that region is the result of only local natural evolution (though often popularised as "with no human intervention") during history. The term is equ ...
s near
Haarlem.
Thijsse himself wanted to name the garden after
Frederik van Eeden
Frederik Willem van Eeden (3 April 1860, Haarlem – 16 June 1932, Bussum) was a late 19th-century and early 20th-century Dutch writer and psychiatrist. He was a leading member of the Tachtigers and the Significs Group, and had top billing a ...
(sr., the botanist). But his friends thought the name “
Garden of E(e)den” not really appropriate, so “Thijsse's Hof” was chosen.
Thijsse wrote a lot about his garden in journals and magazines. He wrote two books on Thijsse's Hof:
* * 1940: ''Een jaar in Thijsse's Hof: lente-zomer-herfst-winter'' (A year in Thijsse's Hof: spring-summer-autumn-winter). (2nd impression 1940; 3rd impression 1942; 4th: 1943; 5th. 1946). The book was published as part 2 of the Heemschutserie, by Allert de Lange, Amsterdam.
[WorldCat entry]
for Thijsse 1940
* 1942: ''Een tweede jaar in Thijsse's Hof.'' (A second year in Thijsse's Hof). Amsterdam : Allert de Lange.
[WorldCat entry]
for Thijsse 1942 (abusively spelled as “Thysse's hof”)
Vegetation types
The most important vegetation types of the
dunes of South Kennemerland are present in Thijsse's Hof.
; The dune woodland
In the dune woodland the common oak ''Quercus robur'' is dominating. This vegetation type has a lot of other trees and shrubs as well, like European beech ''
Fagus sylvatica
''Fagus sylvatica'', the European beech or common beech is a deciduous tree belonging to the beech family Fagaceae.
Description
''Fagus sylvatica'' is a large tree, capable of reaching heights of up to tall and trunk diameter, though more ...
'', bird cherry ''Prunus padus'', hawthorn, hazel and yew. The floor level of the woodland has many flowering plants. Snowdrop and spring snowflake flowering in winter and early spring. Wood anemone, bird-in-a-bush, primrose, bluebell, leopard's-bane and ramsons flowering in April and May.
The woodland is rich in birds like chaffinch, chiffchaff, blackbird, song thrush and tits.
; The dune scrub
The dune scrub is the vegetation type with shrubs dominating. On the calcareous soils of the dunes the spindle tree, hawthorn, sea buckthorn, buckthorn and barberry are growing. When the shrubs have berries in autumn, they attract various birds.
; The coppice
The coppice is a low woodland, with trees that are regularly coppiced
; The pond
The pond lies in the centre of Thijsse's Hof, and plays an important role, from the point of view of garden architecture, as well as from the point of view of the ecological value. It attracts many bird species and insects, like dragonflies. In the water several plants are growing, like spiked water milfoil, mare's tail and fringed water lily.
; The dune slack
The dune slack lies between the pond and the dry dune grassland. The vegetation is dependent on the vicinity of ground water. Southern marsh orchid, meadowsweet and yellow loosestrife are among the plant species that grow here.
; The dry dune grassland
Between the dune slack and the dune slack is a gradual transition. The dry grassland is abundantly flowering in May and June with species like field scabious, common knapweed and salad burnet.
References
External links
Official website
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Gardens in the Netherlands
Bloemendaal
Tourist attractions in North Holland