''Thermoanaerobacter'' is a genus in the phylum
Bacillota
The Bacillota (synonym Firmicutes) are a phylum of bacteria, most of which have gram-positive cell wall structure. The renaming of phyla such as Firmicutes in 2021 remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earl ...
(
Bacteria
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometr ...
). Members of this genus are
thermophilic
A thermophile is an organism—a type of extremophile—that thrives at relatively high temperatures, between . Many thermophiles are archaea, though they can be bacteria or fungi. Thermophilic eubacteria are suggested to have been among the earl ...
and
anaerobic
Anaerobic means "living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free oxygen", as opposed to aerobic which means "living, active, or occurring only in the presence of oxygen." Anaerobic may also refer to:
* Anaerobic adhesive, a bonding a ...
, several of them were previously described as ''
Clostridium'' species and members of the now obsolete genera ''Acetogenium'' and ''Thermobacteroides''
Etymology
The name ''Thermoanaerobacter'' derives from:
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
adjective ''thermos (θερμός)'', hot;
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
prefix ''an (ἄν)'', not;
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
noun ''aer, aeros (ἀήρ, ἀέρος)'', air;
New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
masculine gender noun, ''
bacter'', nominally meaning "a rod", but in effect meaning a bacterium, rod;
New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
masculine gender noun ''Thermoanaerobacter'', rod which grows in the absence of air at elevated temperatures.
Species
The genus contains 15 species, namely
[
* '' T. acetoethylicus'' (Ben-Bassat and Zeikus 1983) Rainey and Stackebrandt 1993 (]Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
noun ''acetum'', vinegar; New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
adjective ''ethylicus'', pertaining to ethyl alcohol; New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
masculine gender adjective ''acetoethylicus'', intended to mean producing acetic acid and ethanol.) This species, formerly known as ''Thermobacteroides acetoethylicus'', used to be the type species of ''Thermobacteroides'', but was transferred over to the genus ''Thermoanaerobacter'', while the other member of the genus ''Thermobacteroides'', ''Thermobacteroides proteolyticus'' was reclassified as '' Coprothermobacter proteolyticus''[
* '' T. brockii'' (Zeikus ''et al''. 1983) Lee ''et al''. 1993 (]New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
genitive case noun ''brockii'', of Brock, named for Thomas Dale Brock who pioneered studies on the physiology and ecology of thermophiles
A thermophile is an organism—a type of extremophile—that thrives at relatively high temperatures, between . Many thermophiles are archaea, though they can be bacteria or fungi. Thermophilic eubacteria are suggested to have been among the earl ...
.) this species was previously known as ''Thermoanaerobium brockii''New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
noun ''ethanol'', ethanol; Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
masculine gender suff. -''icus'', suffix used with the sense of pertaining to; New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
masculine gender adjective ''ethanolicus'', indicating the production of ethanol.)
* "'' T. inferii''" Orlygsson & Beck 2007
* '' T. italicus'' Kozianowski ''et al''. 1998 (Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
masculine gender adjective ''italicus'', pertaining to Italy, where the organism was isolated.)
* "'' T. keratinophilus''" Riesen & Antranikian 2001
* '' T. kivui'' (Leigh and Wolfe 1983) Collins ''et al''. 1994 (New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
genitive case noun ''kivui'', pertaining to Kivu, named for its source, Lake Kivu.) This species used to be known as ''Acetogenium kivui'' (sole member of the former genus) before being transferred in this genus New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
genitive case noun ''mathranii'', of Mathrani, in honor of the late Indra M. Mathrani, who contributed to the understanding of thermophilic anaerobes from hot springs during his short career.)
* '' T. pentosaceus'' Tomás, Karakashev & Angelidaki 2013
* '' T. pseudethanolicus'' Onyenwoke ''et al''. 2007 (Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
adjective '' pseudēs'', false; New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
adjective ''ethanolicus'', a bacteria-specific epithet; New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
masculine gender adjective ''pseudethanolicus'', a false (''Thermoanaerobacter'') ''ethanolicus''.)
* '' T. siderophilus'' Slobodkin ''et al''. 1999 (Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
noun ''sideros'', iron; New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
adjective ''philus'' from Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
adjective ''philos (φίλος)'' meaning friend, loving; New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
masculine gender adjective ''siderophilus'', iron-loving.)
* '' T. sulfurigignens'' Lee ''et al''. 2007 (Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
noun ''sulfur'', sulfur; Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
participle adjective ''gignens'', producing; New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
participle adjective ''sulfurigignens'', sulfur-producing.)
* '' T. sulfurophilus'' Bonch-Osmolovskaya 1998 (Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
noun ''sulfur'', sulfur; New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
adjective ''philus'' from Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
adjective ''philos (φίλος)'' meaning friend, loving; New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
masculine gender adjective ''sulfurophilus'', liking elemental sulfur.)
* '' T. thermocopriae'' (Jin, Yamasato & Toda 1988) Collins ''et al''. 1994 (Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
noun ''thermē (θέρμη)'', heat; Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
noun ''kopria'', dunghill; New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
genitive case noun ''thermocopriae'', of heat compost.) This species was formerly known as ''Clostridium thermocopriae''[
* '' T. thermohydrosulfuricus'' (Klaushofer and Parkkinen 1965) Lee ''et al''. 1993 (]Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
adjective ''thermos (θερμός)'', hot; New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
masculine gender adjective ''hydrosulfuricus'', pertaining to hydrogen sulfide; New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
masculine gender adjective ''thermohydrosulfuricus'', indicating that the organism grows at high temperatures and reduces sulfite to H2S.), this species also used to be ''Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum''[
* '' T. uzonensis'' Wagner ''et al''. 2008 (]New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
masculine gender adjective ''uzonensis'', pertaining to the Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka, Far East Russia.)
* '' T. wiegelii'' Cook ''et al''. 1996 (New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
genitive case noun ''wiegelii'', of Juergen Wiegel, in recognition of his contributions to the study of thermophilic anaerobes.)
Phylogeny
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the nomenclature, naming and Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy of prokaryotes, following the taxonomy requirements and rulings of the In ...
(LPSN)National Center for Biotechnology Information
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The ...
(NCBI)
See also
* Bacterial taxonomy
Bacterial taxonomy is the taxonomy, i.e. the rank-based classification, of bacteria.
In the scientific classification established by Carl Linnaeus, each species has to be assigned to a genus ( binary nomenclature), which in turn is a lower lev ...
* Microbiology
* List of bacterial orders
This article lists the orders of the Bacteria. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
and the phylogeny is based on 16S ...
* List of bacteria genera This article lists the genera of the bacteria. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). However many taxonomic names are ...
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3990297
Thermoanaerobacterales
Bacteria genera
Thermophiles
Anaerobes