__NOTOC__

''Thereus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

gossamer-winged butterflies Lycaenidae is the second-largest family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies. They constitute about 30% of the known butterfly ...

(

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Lycaenidae). Among these, it belongs belong to the

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

Eumaeini The Eumaeini are a tribe of gossamer-winged butterflies (family Lycaenidae). They are typically placed in the subfamily Theclinae, but sometimes considered a separate subfamily Eumaeinae. Over 1,000 species are found in the Neotropical realm Sys ...

of the

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

Theclinae The subfamily Theclinae is a group of butterflies, often referred to as hairstreaks, with some species instead known as elfins or by other names. The group is part of the family Lycaenidae, the "gossamer-winged butterflies". There are many tropi ...

. These small butterflies occur essentially all over the

Neotropic The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bioge ...

s.See references in Savela (2011)

Classification

Though this genus was first proposed long ago, for much of the time ''Thereus'' was included in the "

wastebin genus Wastebasket taxon (also called a wastebin taxon, dustbin taxon or catch-all taxon) is a term used by some taxonomists to refer to a taxon that has the sole purpose of classifying organisms that do not fit anywhere else. They are typically define ...

" ''

Thecla Thecla ( grc, Θέκλα, ) was a saint of the early Christian Church, and a reported follower of Paul the Apostle. The earliest record of her life comes from the ancient apocryphal ''Acts of Paul and Thecla''. Church tradition The ''Acts of ...

''. However, the two genera are not particularly close relatives among their

. In recent times, it has been proposed to remove several

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

from ''Thereus'' to smaller or even

monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ...

genera. While this might be warranted in some cases, it is not followed here pending more thorough study. The

junior synonym The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linna ...

s of ''Thereus'' are thus: * ''Molus'' Hübner,

819 __NOTOC__ Year 819 (Roman numerals, DCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – Emperor Louis the Pious, Louis I marries Judith ...

/small> * ''Noreena'' K.Johnson, MacPherson & Ingraham, 1986 * ''Pedusa'' D'Abrera, 2001 (may be ''

nomen nudum In taxonomy, a ''nomen nudum'' ('naked name'; plural ''nomina nuda'') is a designation which looks exactly like a scientific name of an organism, and may have originally been intended to be one, but it has not been published with an adequate descr ...

'') * ''Solanorum'' Johnson, 1992 * ''Timokla'' Johnson, Kruse & Kroenlein, 1997

Species

The following named

are placed in ''Thereus'' at present: * ''

Thereus brocki ''Thereus brocki'' is a species of butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It found from eastern Colombia to eastern Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol ...

'' Robbins, Heredia & Busby, 2015 * ''

Thereus caltha __NOTOC__ ''Thereus'' is a genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (family Lycaenidae). Among these, it belongs belong to the tribe Eumaeini of the subfamily Theclinae. These small butterflies occur essentially all over the Neotropics.See referenc ...

'' (Druce, 1907) * ''

Thereus cithonius __NOTOC__ ''Thereus'' is a genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (family Lycaenidae). Among these, it belongs belong to the tribe Eumaeini of the subfamily Theclinae. These small butterflies occur essentially all over the Neotropics.See referenc ...

'' (Godart,

824 __NOTOC__ Year 824 ( DCCCXXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * November 11 – The '' Constitutio Romana'' establishes the authority of the ...

(

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

of ''Noreena'') * ''

Thereus columbicola __NOTOC__ ''Thereus'' is a genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (family Lycaenidae). Among these, it belongs belong to the tribe Eumaeini of the subfamily Theclinae. These small butterflies occur essentially all over the Neotropics.See referenc ...

'' (Strand, 1916) * ''

Thereus endera __NOTOC__ ''Thereus'' is a genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (family Lycaenidae). Among these, it belongs belong to the tribe Eumaeini of the subfamily Theclinae. These small butterflies occur essentially all over the Neotropics.See referenc ...

'' (Hewitson, 1867) * ''

Thereus enenia __NOTOC__ ''Thereus'' is a genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (family (biology), family Lycaenidae). Among these, it belongs belong to the tribe (biology), tribe Eumaeini of the subfamily Theclinae. These small butterflies occur essentially a ...

'' (Hewitson, 1867) (tentatively placed here) * '' Thereus eryssus'' (Herbst, 1800) * ''

Thereus gabathana __NOTOC__ ''Thereus'' is a genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (family Lycaenidae). Among these, it belongs belong to the tribe Eumaeini of the subfamily Theclinae. These small butterflies occur essentially all over the Neotropics.See referenc ...

'' (Strand, 1918) * '' Thereus genena'' (Hewitson, 1867) * '' Thereus guianivaga'' (Johnson, 1989) * '' Thereus illex'' (Schaus, 1902) * '' Thereus ismarus'' (Cramer,

777 777 may refer to: * 777 (number), a number * AD 777, a year of the Julian calendar * 777 BC, a year in the 8th century BC * Boeing 777, a commercial jet airliner :* Boeing 777X, the newer generation of the Boeing 777. Art and entertainment Alb ...

(type species of ''Molus'') * ''

Thereus lausus ''Thereus pedusa'' is a species of butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found from Nicaragua to Brazil (Amazon region) and Suriname Suriname (; srn, Sranankondre or ), officially the Republic of Suriname ( nl, Republiek Suriname , ...

'' (Cramer,

779 __NOTOC__ Year 779 ( DCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 779 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Euro ...

* ''

Thereus lomalarga ''Thereus lomalarga'' is a species of butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found from Costa Rica to the western slope of the Andes in Ecuador Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Rep ...

'' Robbins, Heredia & Busby, 2015 * '' Thereus lutzi'' (Huntington, 1932) * '' Thereus molena'' (E. D. Jones, 1912) * '' Thereus oppia'' (Godman & Salvin,

887 __NOTOC__ Year 887 (Roman numerals, DCCCLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * November 17 – East Frankish magnates revolt against the ...

* '' Thereus orasus'' (Godman & Salvin,

* ''

Thereus ortalus __NOTOC__ ''Thereus'' is a genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (family Lycaenidae). Among these, it belongs belong to the tribe Eumaeini of the subfamily Theclinae. These small butterflies occur essentially all over the Neotropics.See referenc ...

'' (Godman & Salvin,

* '' Thereus pedusa'' (Hewitson, 1867) (type species of ''"Pedusa"'') * '' Thereus praxis'' (Godman & Salvin,

* ''

Thereus pseudarcula __NOTOC__ ''Thereus'' is a genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (family Lycaenidae). Among these, it belongs belong to the tribe Eumaeini of the subfamily Theclinae. These small butterflies occur essentially all over the Neotropics.See referenc ...

'' (Giacomelli, 1914) (type species of ''Solanorum'') * ''

Thereus tiasa __NOTOC__ ''Thereus'' is a genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (family Lycaenidae). Among these, it belongs belong to the tribe Eumaeini of the subfamily Theclinae. These small butterflies occur essentially all over the Neotropics.See referenc ...

'' (Hewitson, 1869) * '' Thereus timoclea'' (Hewitson, 1870) * '' Thereus wojtusiaki'' Bálint, 2006 In addition, a number of as yet undescribed butterflies are suspected to belong here too: * ''Thereus'' sp. 'Amazonia' * ''Thereus'' sp. 'Bahia' * ''Thereus'' sp. 'Guatemala' * ''Thereus'' sp. 'Ecuador 1' * ''Thereus'' sp. 'Ecuador 2' * ''Thereus'' sp. 'Panama 1' * ''Thereus'' sp. 'Panama 2' * ''?Thereus'' sp. 'Panama 3' (tentatively placed here) * ''Thereus'' sp. 'Peru'

Footnotes

References

* Eumaeini Lycaenidae of South America Lycaenidae genera Taxa named by Jacob Hübner {{Eumaeini-stub