Brunszwik Terez (Kampfl József, 1994), Budapest

Countess Therese onBrunsvik (in Hungarian Teréz Brunszvik, sometimes referred to in English as Therese Countess von Brunsvik or Brunswick) (July 27, 1775,

Pozsony Bratislava (, also ; ; german: Preßburg/Pressburg ; hu, Pozsony) is the capital and largest city of Slovakia. Officially, the population of the city is about 475,000; however, it is estimated to be more than 660,000 — approximately 140% of ...

Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen ...

– September 23, 1861, Pest,

) was a member of the Hungarian nobility, pedagoge and a follower of the Swiss

Pestalozzi Pestalozzi is the surname of an Italian family originally based in Gravedona and Chiavenna who settled in Switzerland during the Counter-Reformation. Members of this family include: * Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746–1827), Swiss pedagogue an ...

. Her father was the Hungarian count Antal Brunszvik and her mother was the baroness Anna Seeberg; her siblings were Franz, Josephine, and Charlotte. She was the founder of

nursery school A preschool, also known as nursery school, pre-primary school, or play school or creche, is an educational establishment or learning space offering early childhood education to children before they begin compulsory education at primary school ...

s in

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...

on July 1, 1828, after

Robert Owen Robert Owen (; 14 May 1771 – 17 November 1858) was a Welsh textile manufacturer, philanthropist and social reformer, and a founder of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement. He strove to improve factory working conditions, promoted e ...

's example set in

New Lanark New Lanark is a village on the River Clyde, approximately 1.4 miles (2.2 kilometres) from Lanark, in Lanarkshire, and some southeast of Glasgow, Scotland. It was founded in 1785 and opened in 1786 by David Dale, who built cotton mills and housi ...

, Scotland in 1816. Soon the pre-school institution became famous all over Hungary and in 1837,

Friedrich Fröbel Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel or Froebel (; 21 April 1782 – 21 June 1852) was a German pedagogue, a student of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, who laid the foundation for modern education based on the recognition that children have unique need ...

founded the first "kindergarten" in Germany. One of

Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classical ...

's students, Therese was the dedicatee for his Piano Sonata No. 24 (in F major, Opus 78), and some writers speculated that she—not her sister Josephine who is generally accepted as the addressee—may have been the intended recipient of Beethoven's letter to the "

Immortal Beloved The Immortal Beloved (German "Unsterbliche Geliebte") is the addressee of a love letter which composer Ludwig van Beethoven wrote on 6–7 July 1812 in Teplitz. The unsent letter is written in pencil on 10 small pages. It was found in the compo ...

". Her memoirs were first published by

La Mara Ida Marie Lipsius (30 December 1837 in Leipzig2 March 1927 in Schmölen), alias La Mara, was a German writer and music historian. Life Lipsius was born as daughter of the later director of the Leipzig Thomasschule Karl Heinrich Adelbert Lipsiu ...

, who subscribed to this theory. and her diaries and notes (up to 1813) by Marianne Czeke,Marianne Czeke (1938): ''Brunszvik Teréz grófno naplói és feljegyzései''. ountess Therese Brunsvik's Diaries and Notes.Vol. 1. Budapest. both claiming to reveal much about the relations between

Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classical ...

and the Brunsvik family, in particular her sister Josephine.

References

External links

* http://www.mek.iif.hu/porta/szint/egyeb/lexikon/eletrajz/html/ABC00523/02357.htm * http://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.b/b830508.htm 18th-century Hungarian people 19th-century Hungarian people 19th-century Hungarian educators Hungarian-German people Terez People from Bratislava 1775 births 1861 deaths Pupils of Ludwig van Beethoven {{Europe-noble-stub