Sir Theophilus Jones, (circa 1606–1610 to 1685) was an Irish soldier and government official of Welsh descent. One of five sons born to
Lewis Jones,
Bishop of Killaloe in the
Church of Ireland, he formed part of a close-knit and powerful Protestant family.
A grandson of
James Ussher,
head
A head is the part of an organism which usually includes the ears, brain, forehead, cheeks, chin, eyes, nose, and mouth, each of which aid in various sensory functions such as sight, hearing, smell, and taste. Some very simple animals may ...
of the
Church of Ireland from 1625 to 1656, in 1648 he married his cousin Alicia Ussher, another of his grandchildren. Of his four brothers,
Henry and
Ambrose
Ambrose of Milan ( la, Aurelius Ambrosius; ), venerated as Saint Ambrose, ; lmo, Sant Ambroeus . was a theologian and statesman who served as Bishop of Milan from 374 to 397. He expressed himself prominently as a public figure, fiercely promo ...
were also bishops in the Church of Ireland, while
Michael and
Oliver were senior soldiers and politicians.
Little is known of his career prior to the
Irish Rebellion of 1641
The Irish Rebellion of 1641 ( ga, Éirí Amach 1641) was an uprising by Irish Catholics in the Kingdom of Ireland, who wanted an end to anti-Catholic discrimination, greater Irish self-governance, and to partially or fully reverse the plantatio ...
when he fought in the
Irish Confederate Wars
The Irish Confederate Wars, also called the Eleven Years' War (from ga, Cogadh na hAon-déag mBliana), took place in Ireland between 1641 and 1653. It was the Irish theatre of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, a series of civil wars in the kin ...
, first with the
Earl of Ormonde's
Royal Irish Army, then later under
Oliver Cromwell. When Ireland was part of the
Commonwealth of England from 1653 to 1660, he sat as
MP in the
Second
The second (symbol: s) is the unit of time in the International System of Units (SI), historically defined as of a day – this factor derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes and finally to 60 seconds ...
and
Third Protectorate Parliaments. Prior to
The Restoration
Restoration is the act of restoring something to its original state and may refer to:
* Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage
** Audio restoration
** Film restoration
** Image restoration
** Textile restoration
* Restoration ecology
...
in 1660, he and his brother Henry were instrumental in securing Ireland for
Charles II.
In return, he was appointed to the
Privy Council of Ireland
His or Her Majesty's Privy Council in Ireland, commonly called the Privy Council of Ireland, Irish Privy Council, or in earlier centuries the Irish Council, was the institution within the Dublin Castle administration which exercised formal executi ...
, made
Clerk of the Pells in the
Exchequer of Ireland, Scoutmaster of Ireland and elected for
Meath Meath may refer to:
General
* County Meath, Republic of Ireland
**Kingdom of Meath, medieval precursor of the county
** List of kings of Meath
** Meath GAA, including the intercounty football and hurling teams
** Diocese of Meath, in the Roman Cath ...
in the 1661 to 1666
Parliament of Ireland. He largely withdrew from public life after 1664 and died in Osbertstown,
County Kildare
County Kildare ( ga, Contae Chill Dara) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It is named after the town of Kildare. Kildare County Council is the local authority for the county, ...
on 2 January 1685.
Personal life
Theophilus Jones was born sometime between 1606 to 1610, probably in
Ardagh, County Longford
Ardagh (, older version ) is a village in County Longford, Ireland. Ardagh is located towards the south of County Longford, southwest of Longford town, located off the N4 road. Originally a site of pre-Christian worship, Ardagh became a site ...
, third of five sons of
Lewis Jones (1560–1646), a Welsh priest who joined the
Church of Ireland in 1605 and became
Bishop of Killaloe in 1633. His mother Mabel was sister to
James Ussher, head of the church from 1625 to 1656, while his brothers
Henry (1605–1681) and
Ambrose
Ambrose of Milan ( la, Aurelius Ambrosius; ), venerated as Saint Ambrose, ; lmo, Sant Ambroeus . was a theologian and statesman who served as Bishop of Milan from 374 to 397. He expressed himself prominently as a public figure, fiercely promo ...
(died 1678), also became bishops. His other brothers,
Michael (ca 1606/1610–1649) and
Oliver (ca 1612–1664), were soldiers and politicians.
In 1648, he married Alicia Ussher (1625–1690), daughter of Sir Arthur Ussher; they had at least three children who survived to adulthood, Arthur, Judith and Mabella. His daughter Judith married Francis Butler (1634–1702),
Member of Parliament for
Belturbet from 1661 to 1666.
Career
Irish Confederate Wars; 1641 to 1653
Almost nothing is known of Jones' career prior to the outbreak of the
Irish Rebellion in October 1641; like his brothers Michael and Oliver, he joined the
Royal Army raised to suppress it, commanded by the
Earl of Ormond. His brother Henry was taken prisoner at the family home in
Ballinagh; released in December, he prepared a report of alleged Catholic atrocities, titled "A remonstrance of divers remarkable passages concerning the church and kingdom of Ireland". Later published by the
Parliament of England, it played a key role in shaping English and Protestant views of the rebellion.
In December 1641, Theophilus was appointed captain in
Lord Edward Conway's regiment, an infantry unit raised in
Ulster. Ormond's forces in the north were supported by Scots
Covenanter
Covenanters ( gd, Cùmhnantaich) were members of a 17th-century Scottish religious and political movement, who supported a Presbyterian Church of Scotland, and the primacy of its leaders in religious affairs. The name is derived from ''Covenan ...
s under
Alexander Leslie, who captured
Dungannon
Dungannon () is a town in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is the second-largest town in the county (after Omagh) and had a population of 14,340 at the 2011 Census. The Dungannon and South Tyrone Borough Council had its headquarters in the ...
in September 1642; Jones was appointed garrison commander before the
Catholic Confederacy took it back in spring 1643. The outbreak of the
First English Civil War
The First English Civil War took place in England and Wales from 1642 to 1646, and forms part of the 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. They include the Bishops' Wars, the Irish Confederate Wars, the Second English Civil War, the Ang ...
in August 1642 meant the Irish Army could no longer receive reinforcements or money from England; by mid-1643, the Confederacy held most of Ireland, apart from Ulster,
Dublin and
Cork City.
Charles I wanted to use troops from Ireland to defeat his
Parliamentarian opponents in England, and in September 1643, Ormond agreed a truce or "Cessation" with the Confederacy. Factions on both sides objected to the terms, which included negotiations on freedom of worship for Catholics and constitutional reforms. In Ulster, it created a three way contest between Ormond's
Royalists, Confederate troops under Gaelic Catholic leader
Eoghan Ó Néill, and
Presbyterian militia, known as the
Laggan Army, supported by Covenanters under
Robert Munro, who were allies of Parliament.
Michael Jones was among the Irish troops sent to England and defected to Parliament; although they shared his opposition to the truce, Henry and Theophilus remained loyal to Ormond. In return, Theophilus was knighted in early 1644, while Henry was appointed
Bishop of Clogher in 1645. Promoted to
Lieutenant-Colonel, Jones was made governor of
Lisburn
Lisburn (; ) is a city in Northern Ireland. It is southwest of Belfast city centre, on the River Lagan, which forms the boundary between County Antrim and County Down. First laid out in the 17th century by English and Welsh settlers, with ...
in early 1644. In May, he refused entry to troops led by Munro, appointed Parliamentarian commander in Ulster, but despite refusing to acknowledge orders issued by Parliament the two sides generally co-operated. Jones' regiment was present when Munro was defeated at
Benburb in June 1646, although it is not clear whether he was.
The First English Civil War ended a few days later when Charles surrendered, and with his approval Ormond signed an alliance with the Confederation to restore him to the throne. However, non-negotiables for Charles, Ormond and Irish Royalists like Theophilus and his brothers was the supremacy of the Protestant Church of Ireland, and acceptance of land settlements made prior to 1641. As a result, the terms were rejected by Ó Néill, whose estates in Ulster had been confiscated in
1610
Some have suggested that 1610 may mark the beginning of the Anthropocene, or the 'Age of Man', marking a fundamental change in the relationship between humans and the Earth system, but earlier starting dates (ca. 1000 C.E.) have received broa ...
, and a rebel faction who insisted on Catholicism as the national religion.
Placed in command of
Kells, County Antrim
Kells () is a village near Ballymena in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, that also encompasses the neighbouring village of Connor () ( Ulster-Scots: ''Connyer''). As such it is also known as Kells and Connor in which they share a primary school ...
, Jones was taken prisoner when it was captured by Ó Néill in December 1646. In June 1647, his brother Michael was appointed Parliamentarian Governor of Dublin in place of Ormond, and the revitalised Protestant army won decisive victories at
Dungans Hill and
Knocknanauss in August and September 1647. The Confederation now re-opened talks with Ormond, once again opposed by Ó Néill, who agreed a separate truce in August 1648 with Michael Jones; negotiated by Henry Jones, its terms included the release of Theophilus.
Now firmly on the side of Parliament, Theophilus was sent to London in October to raise fresh troops and money and was present at the
Execution of Charles I on 30 January. This action led to an alliance between Ormond, the Confederation, the Laggan Army and Munro's Covenanters, with the objective of restoring his son
Charles II. In early summer, Theophilus returned to Dublin and took part in the
Battle of Rathmines, a decisive victory won by his brother Michael over the Ormond-Confederate alliance. After
Oliver Cromwell landed with the main expeditionary force in August, Theophilus was left in Dublin; Michael accompanied Cromwell on his autumn campaign and died of disease in December.
For the next three years, Jones served with
Robert Venables in the campaign to subdue
Leinster and Ulster, including the battles of
Scarrifholis and
Lisnagarvey. In April 1653, the last of the rebel leaders in Ulster surrendered to him at
Cloughoughter Castle.
Post 1653
With hostilities at an end, Jones and his brothers remained active in politics, although both Henry and Ambrose refused to accept the removal of bishops from the Church of Ireland. Scotland and Ireland were made part of the
Commonwealth of England, with one unified Parliament and in 1656 he was elected to the
Second Protectorate Parliament, representing a combined seat for
Westmeath,
Longford
Longford () is the county town of County Longford in Ireland. It has a population of 10,008 according to the 2016 census. It is the biggest town in the county and about one third of the county's population lives there. Longford lies at the meet ...
, and
King's counties. He also sat in the short-lived
Third Protectorate Parliament in 1659, before falling from favour and joining with Henry,
Charles Coote and others in overthrowing the Commonwealth government in Ireland.
Following the
Restoration of Charles II in 1660, Jones was appointed to the new
Privy Council of Ireland
His or Her Majesty's Privy Council in Ireland, commonly called the Privy Council of Ireland, Irish Privy Council, or in earlier centuries the Irish Council, was the institution within the Dublin Castle administration which exercised formal executi ...
and made
Clerk of the Pells in the
Exchequer of Ireland. He succeeded his brother Henry as Scoutmaster-General of Ireland in 1661 and represented
Meath Meath may refer to:
General
* County Meath, Republic of Ireland
**Kingdom of Meath, medieval precursor of the county
** List of kings of Meath
** Meath GAA, including the intercounty football and hurling teams
** Diocese of Meath, in the Roman Cath ...
in the restored
Parliament of Ireland from 1661 to 1666; his brother Oliver was MP for
Knocktopher. The diarist
Samuel Pepys
Samuel Pepys (; 23 February 1633 – 26 May 1703) was an English diarist and naval administrator. He served as administrator of the Royal Navy and Member of Parliament and is most famous for the diary he kept for a decade. Pepys had no mariti ...
records having dinner with him in London in September 1661, along with Sir
George Ayscue and
Sir William Penn, senior officers in the
Royal Navy who served in Ireland with Cromwell.
He helped suppress a Presbyterian-backed plot to seize
Dublin Castle in 1662, and effectively retired from public life in 1664; thereafter, much of his time was spent on legal battles over
Lucan Manor
Lucan Manor is a Georgian-Palladian house and estate in Lucan, County Dublin. A manor house, it is remembered particularly for its association with the Sarsfield family. A castle or house has been recorded on the site since at least the 12th ce ...
, an estate awarded to him in 1654. This had been confiscated from
Patrick Sarsfield, a senior commander in the Confederacy, whose eldest son
Wllliam married Mary Croft, sister of
Duke of Monmouth, an illegitimate son of Charles II. William used this connection to have the family lands returned in 1674 and Jones was compensated with lands elsewhere.
He died in Osbertstown,
County Kildare
County Kildare ( ga, Contae Chill Dara) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It is named after the town of Kildare. Kildare County Council is the local authority for the county, ...
on 2 January 1685, leaving his property to his son Arthur.
References
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Commonwealth Parliament
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jones, Sir Theophilus
Year of birth missing
1685 deaths
English MPs 1654–1655
English MPs 1656–1658
English MPs 1659
Irish MPs 1661–1666
Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Meath constituencies
People of the Irish Confederate Wars
Irish soldiers
Irish Protestants
Irish people of Welsh descent