Theodor Liebisch (29 April 1852, Breslau – 9 February 1922,

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...

) was a German

mineralogist Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the proces ...

and crystallographer.

Biography

In 1874 he received his doctorate from the

University of Breslau A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, th ...

, then worked as an assistant to

Gerhard vom Rath Gerhard vom Rath (20 August 1830 – 23 April 1888), was a German mineralogist, born at Duisburg in Prussia. Biography Rath was educated at Cologne, at Bonn University, and finally at Berlin, where he graduated Ph.D. in 1853. In 1856 he became ...

at the

University of Bonn The Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University of Bonn (german: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn) is a public research university located in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded in its present form as the ( en, Rhine U ...

. After several years spent as a curator at the mineralogical museum of the

University of Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (german: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a German public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin. It was established by Frederick William III on the initiative o ...

, he became an associate professor of mineralogy at Breslau (1880). Afterwards he successively served as a full professor of mineralogy at the universities of

Greifswald Greifswald (), officially the University and Hanseatic City of Greifswald (german: Universitäts- und Hansestadt Greifswald, Low German: ''Griepswoold'') is the fourth-largest city in the German state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania after Rostoc ...

(1883/84),

Königsberg Königsberg (, ) was the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Königsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was named ...

(from 1884),

Göttingen Göttingen (, , ; nds, Chöttingen) is a college town, university city in Lower Saxony, central Germany, the Capital (political), capital of Göttingen (district), the eponymous district. The River Leine runs through it. At the end of 2019, t ...

(1887–1909) and Berlin (1909–22). He was an editor of the periodical "''Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie''". His name is associated with "Liebisch twinning", a complex type of

crystal twinning Crystal twinning occurs when two or more adjacent crystals of the same mineral are oriented so that they share some of the same crystal lattice points in a symmetrical manner. The result is an intergrowth of two separate crystals that are tightly ...

that is a combination of the Dauphiné and Brazil twinning laws.

Principal works

* ''Geometrische krystallographie'', 1881 – Geometric crystallography. * ''Physikalische krystallographie'', 1891 – Physical crystallography. * ''Grundriss der physikalischen Krystallographie'', 1896 – Outline of physical crystallography. * ''Die synthese der mineralien und gesteine'', 1901 – The synthesis of minerals and rocks.HathiTrust Digital Library
published works

References

1852 births 1922 deaths University of Breslau faculty Humboldt University of Berlin faculty University of Greifswald faculty University of Göttingen faculty University of Königsberg faculty German mineralogists Crystallographers {{Germany-scientist-stub