Theodor Bergmann (agronomist)
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Theodor Bergmann (
Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...
, March 7, 1916 –
Stuttgart Stuttgart (; Swabian: ; ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located on the Neckar river in a fertile valley known as the ''Stuttgarter Kessel'' (Stuttgart Cauldron) and lies an hour from the ...
, June 12, 2017) was a German agronomist and published author. Until 1981 he was Professor for international comparisons in agrarian policy at
University of Hohenheim The University of Hohenheim (german: Universität Hohenheim) is a campus university located in the south of Stuttgart, Germany. Founded in 1818, it is Stuttgart's oldest university. Its primary areas of specialisation had traditionally been ...
. Bergmann was “the last participant and eyewitness to the German labor movement of the Weimar era”.


Life


Family and early years

Seventh son of a Berlin
rabbi A rabbi () is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi – known as ''semikha'' – following a course of study of Jewish history and texts such as the Talmud. The basic form of ...
, , Theodor Bergmann was born the youngest brother of , Ernst David Bergmann, and Felix Bergmann. Growing up in Berlin, he joined Jungspartakusbund and Sozialistischer Schülerbund in 1927. In 1929, he joined the KJVD-O, youth organization of the just-established
KPDO KPDO is a community radio station licensed on 89.3 MHz at Pescadero, California. It is non-commercial and listener-sponsored. The station provides public affairs, news, and music programming, both locally and nationally sourced. , the FC ...
. In 1933, he just made it to finish his Abitur, but had to emigrate as a consequence of Hitler's
Machtergreifung Adolf Hitler's rise to power began in the newly established Weimar Republic in September 1919 when Hitler joined the '' Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'' (DAP; German Workers' Party). He rose to a place of prominence in the early years of the party. Be ...
.


Exile and return

Crossing the
Saarland The Saarland (, ; french: Sarre ) is a state of Germany in the south west of the country. With an area of and population of 990,509 in 2018, it is the smallest German state in area apart from the city-states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg, and ...
, he fled to a
kibbutz A kibbutz ( he, קִבּוּץ / , lit. "gathering, clustering"; plural: kibbutzim / ) is an intentional community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1909, was Degania. Today, farming h ...
in
British Palestine Mandatory Palestine ( ar, فلسطين الانتدابية '; he, פָּלֶשְׂתִּינָה (א״י) ', where "E.Y." indicates ''’Eretz Yiśrā’ēl'', the Land of Israel) was a geopolitical entity established between 1920 and 1948 i ...
. From there, he went to
Děčín Děčín (; german: Tetschen, 1942–1945: ''Tetschen–Bodenbach'') is a city in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 47,000 inhabitants. It is the 7th largest municipality in the country by area. Administrative parts D ...
,
Sudetenland The Sudetenland ( , ; Czech and sk, Sudety) is the historical German name for the northern, southern, and western areas of former Czechoslovakia which were inhabited primarily by Sudeten Germans. These German speakers had predominated in the ...
in the northern Czechoslovak Republic in 1935, where he studied
agricultural science Agricultural science (or agriscience for short) is a broad multidisciplinary field of biology that encompasses the parts of exact, natural, economic and social sciences that are used in the practice and understanding of agriculture. Profession ...
. All the while, he was an active anti-fascist, producing and helping smuggle and distribute leaflets into near Germany. After the 1938
Munich Agreement The Munich Agreement ( cs, Mnichovská dohoda; sk, Mníchovská dohoda; german: Münchner Abkommen) was an agreement concluded at Munich on 30 September 1938, by Nazi Germany, Germany, the United Kingdom, French Third Republic, France, and Fa ...
, he fled on to Sweden, where he led structures of the KP-Opposition, and was active in the Landesgruppe Deutscher Gewerkschafter in Schweden (national organization of German unionists in Sweden). Having returned to Germany in 1946, in 1947 he earned his degree in agricultural science in Bonn, acquiring a doctorate degree at University of Hohenheim in 1955, reflecting on the structural transformation of agriculture in Sweden.


Profession and leadership

In 1965, after working as an adult educator and by order of the Chamber of Agriculture in Hannover, he entered service at University of Hohenheim as research associate. Passing his state doctorship in 1968, he conducted a guest professorship at
University of New England (Australia) The University of New England (UNE) is a public university in Australia with approximately 22,500 higher education students. Its original and main campus is located in the city of Armidale in northern central New South Wales. UNE was the first ...
in Armidale, New South Wales. Returning to University of Hohenheim, in 1973 he received the professorship for international comparative studies in agrarian politics. At University of Hohenheim, he was one of a few professors speaking on behalf of marxist students prone to regulations of the Radikalenerlass laws, that maintained to target various forms of extremism, but was mainly anti-communist in nature. Following his 1981
retirement Retirement is the withdrawal from one's position or occupation or from one's active working life. A person may also semi-retire by reducing work hours or workload. Many people choose to retire when they are elderly or incapable of doing their j ...
, he turned towards exploring the history of proletarian movements, focusing especially on the KPO. In the post-war period, he was a leading member of the KPO's successor organization, the Gruppe Arbeiterpolitik (GAP). 1948 through 1952 he had been the publisher of their periodical ''Arbeiterpolitik''. During all his post-emeritus life, he has been an active contributor to leftist workers' union movements. In 1990, he had joined
PDS PD, P.D., or Pd may refer to: Arts and media * ''People's Democracy'' (newspaper), weekly organ of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) * ''The Plain Dealer'', a Cleveland, Ohio, US newspaper * Post Diaspora, a time frame in the '' Honorverse' ...
and ran for them in 1990 Bundestag elections. In 1990/'91, he also was the president of PDS's
Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg (; ), commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a German state () in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France. With more than 11.07 million inhabitants across a ...
regional association. In 2007, he became member of
Die Linke The Left (german: Die Linke; stylised as and in its logo as ), commonly referred to as the Left Party (german: Die Linkspartei, links=no ), is a democratic socialist political party in Germany. The party was founded in 2007 as the result of th ...
. Bergmann authored, edited and translated more than 50 books pertaining to agronomics and the history of international proletarian movements. His contributions to the history of workers' movements were released by VSA-Verlag in Hamburg. Additionally, he authored a number of contributions for Historical-Critical Dictionary of Marxism. Lastly, he lived in Stuttgart,Stuttgarter Zeitung. ''Bald 100 und immer noch links.'' Stuttgart, 15 Feb 2016.
/ref> where he died aged 101 after short illness.


Publications

* ''Wandlungen der landwirtschaftlichen Betriebsstruktur in Schweden'' Berlin 1956 * ''Wiederaufsplitterung nach der Flurbereinigung in Unterfranken.'' Bielefeld 1958 (mit Ludwig Neckermann) * ''Die landwirtschaftliche Bevölkerung im System der Sozialversicherung. Ein internationaler Vergleich.'' Göttingen 1960 * ''Stand und Formen der Mechanisierung der Landwirtschaft in den asiatischen Ländern. Teil 2. Südasien.'' Stuttgart 1966 * ''Funktionen und Wirkungsgrenzen von Produktionsgenossenschaften in Entwicklungsländern.'' Frankfurt 1967 * ''Die Genossenschaftsbewegung in
Indien ''Indien'' is a 1993 Austrian tragicomic road movie directed by Paul Harather. It was Austria's submission to the 66th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but it was not nominated.Margaret Herrick Library, Academy ...
. Geschichte, Leistungen, Aufgaben.'' Frankfurt 1971. * ''50 Jahre KPD (Opposition): December 30, 1928 – December 30, 1978; der Beitrag der KPO zur marxistischen Theorie und zur Geschichte der deutschen Arbeiterbewegung. Versuch einer kritischen Würdigung.'' Hannover 1978 * ''Agrarpolitik und Agrarwirtschaft sozialistischer Länder.'' 2. üb. Aufl. Saarbrücken 1979. * ''Sozialistische Agrarpolitik.'' Köln 1984. (with Peter Gey and Wolfgang Quaisser) * ''Die Geschwister Thalheimer. Skizzen ihrer Leben und Politik.'' Mainz 1993 (mit Wolfgang Haible) * ''Von der Utopie zur Kritik.
Friedrich Engels Friedrich Engels ( ,"Engels"
'' Rosa Luxemburg Rosa Luxemburg (; ; pl, Róża Luksemburg or ; 5 March 1871 – 15 January 1919) was a Polish and naturalised-German revolutionary socialist, Marxist philosopher and anti-war activist. Successively, she was a member of the Proletariat party, ...
.'' Supplement zu Sozialismus (Zeitschrift) H. 5, Hamburg 1997 * ''Der Widerschein der Russischen Revolution. Ein kritischer Rückblick auf das Jahr 1917 und die Folgen.'' Hamburg 1997. (Hrsg., gemeinsam mit Wladislaw Hedeler,
Mario Keßler Mario Keßler (born 4 May 1955) is a German historian. He was born in what was then the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). He was 34, and about to finish his habilitation (senior level university qualification) by the time the wall was ...
und Gert Schäfer) * ''
Friedrich Westmeyer Johann Friedrich "Fritz" Westmeyer (14 January 1873 – 14 November 1917) was a German trade unionist and socialist politician. He stands out as one of the more radical members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in imperial Germany ...
. Von der Sozialdemokratie zum Spartakusbund. Eine politische Biographie.'' Hamburg 1998. (mit Wolfgang Haible und Galina Iwanowa) * ''Ketzer im Kommunismus. 23 biographische Essays.'' Hamburg 2000 (Hrsg., gemeinsam mit Mario Keßler) * ''Im Jahrhundert der Katastrophen. Autobiographie eines kritischen Kommunisten.'' Hamburg 2000 (3., aktualisierte und ergänzte Auflage 2016, ) * ''Gegen den Strom. Die Geschichte der KPD (Opposition).'' Hamburg 2001 * ''Geschichte wird gemacht. Soziale Triebkräfte und internationale Arbeiterbewegung im 21. Jahrhundert.'' Hamburg 2002. (Hrsg., gemeinsam mit Wolfgang Haible und Gert Schäfer) * ''Krise und Zukunft des
Kibbutz A kibbutz ( he, קִבּוּץ / , lit. "gathering, clustering"; plural: kibbutzim / ) is an intentional community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1909, was Degania. Today, farming h ...
.'' Weinheim 2002. (gemeinsam mit Ludwig Liegle) * ''Die Thalheimers. Geschichte einer Familie undogmatischer Marxisten. Hamburg 2004.'' * ''Rotes China im 21. Jahrhundert.'' Hamburg 2004. * ''China entdeckt Rosa Luxemburg.'' Berlin 2007. * ''"Klassenkampf & Solidarität". Geschichte der Stuttgarter Metallarbeiter.'' Hamburg 2007, * ''Internationalismus im 21. Jahrhundert. Lernen aus Niederlagen – für eine neue internationale Solidarität.'' Hamburg 2009, . * ''Internationalisten an den antifaschistischen Fronten. Spanien,
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,
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'' Hamburg 2009, * ''Weggefährten. Gesprächspartner – Lehrer – Freunde – Helfer eines kritischen Kommunisten.'' Hamburg 2010, . * ''Der 100-jährige Krieg um Israel. Eine internationalistische Position zum Nahostkonflikt.'' Hamburg 2011, * ''Strukturprobleme der kommunistischen Bewegung. Irrwege – Kritik – Erneuerung.'' Hamburg 2012, * ''Sozialisten Zionisten Kommunisten: Die Familie Bergmann-Rosenzweig – eine kämpferische Generation im 20. Jahrhundert.'' Hamburg 2014, An extensive bibliography can be found in the brochure: ''Die Tradition kritischer Solidarität von Luxemburg bis Gorbatschow'', Pankower Vorträge, Heft 200, hrsg. v. Helle Panke, Berlin 2016, S. 24–60.


References


External links


Theodor Bergmann Archive
at
marxists.org Marxists Internet Archive (also known as MIA or Marxists.org) is a non-profit online encyclopedia that hosts a multilingual library (created in 1990) of the works of communist, anarchist, and socialist writers, such as Karl Marx, Friedrich Enge ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bergmann, Theodor 1916 births 2017 deaths Scientists from Berlin Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Sweden German agronomists German communists German anti-fascists German centenarians Jewish anti-fascists Jewish socialists Men centenarians Academic staff of the University of Hohenheim Jewish centenarians