''Hanseniaspora'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
of yeasts.
The name ''Kloeckera'' is applied to its
anamorph form. They are typically apiculate (lemon-shaped) in shape and often found in grape musts pre-fermentation.
The genus name ''Hanseniaspora'' honours
Emil Christian Hansen
Emil Christian Hansen (8 May 1842 – 27 August 1909) was a Danish mycologist and fermentation physiologist.
Born in Ribe, he financed his education by writing novels. He was awarded a gold medal in 1876 for an essay on fungi, titled ''De dan ...
(1842–1909), who was a Danish mycologist and
fermentation physiologist.
It was initially
circumscribed
In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius.
Not every polyg ...
by H. Zikes in 1911, but not
validly published.
Albert Klöcker published the name validly the following year.
The genus is notable for its loss of many highly conserved genes responsible for
cell cycle
The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell that cause it to divide into two daughter cells. These events include the duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) and some of its organelles, and sub ...
regulation and
genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding g ...
integrity, resulting in increased evolution rates and genome size reduction. It can be divided into two lineages: a faster-evolving lineage (FEL) diversifying about 87
mya, and a slower one diversifying about 52 mya. The FEL has more of such gene losses, resulting in more dramatic changes in the genome and inactivation of multiple metabolic pathways. However, it has managed to diversity and thrive, showing that life can function without such regulation.
Species
*''
Hanseniaspora clermontiae''
*''
Hanseniaspora gamundiae''
*''
Hanseniaspora guilliermondii''
*''
Hanseniaspora lachancei''
*''
Hanseniaspora meyeri''
*''
Hanseniaspora occidentalis''
*''
Hanseniaspora opuntiae''
*''
Hanseniaspora osmophila''
*''
Hanseniaspora pseudoguilliermondii''
*''
Hanseniaspora uvarum''
*''
Hanseniaspora valbyensis''
*''
Hanseniaspora vineae''
See also
*
Yeast in winemaking
The role of yeast in winemaking is the most important element that distinguishes wine from fruit juice. In the :wikt:anaerobic, absence of oxygen, yeast converts the sugar in wine, sugars of the fruit into ethanol, alcohol and carbon dioxide throu ...
References
Saccharomycetes
Ascomycota genera
Yeasts
Yeasts used in brewing
Taxa described in 1912
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