The Story of Pretty Goldilocks or The Beauty with Golden Hair is a French literary
fairy tale
A fairy tale (alternative names include fairytale, fairy story, magic tale, or wonder tale) is a short story that belongs to the folklore genre. Such stories typically feature magic (paranormal), magic, incantation, enchantments, and mythical ...
written by
Madame d'Aulnoy
Marie-Catherine Le Jumel de Barneville, Baroness d'Aulnoy (1650/1651 – 14 January 1705), also known as Countess d'Aulnoy, was a French author known for her literary fairy tales. When she termed her works ''contes de fées'' (fairy tales), sh ...
.
Andrew Lang
Andrew Lang (31 March 1844 – 20 July 1912) was a Scottish poet, novelist, literary critic, and contributor to the field of anthropology. He is best known as a collector of folk and fairy tales. The Andrew Lang lectures at the University ...
included it in ''
The Blue Fairy Book
''The Langs' Fairy Books'' are a series of 25 collections of true and fictional stories for children published between 1889 and 1913 by Andrew Lang and his wife, Leonora Blanche Alleyne. The best known books of the series are the 12 collections ...
''.
It is
Aarne–Thompson type 531. This type is generally called "The Clever Horse," but is known in French as ', after this tale. Other tales of this type include ''
Ferdinand the Faithful and Ferdinand the Unfaithful
"Ferdinand the Faithful and Ferdinand the Unfaithful" is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 126.
It is Aarne-Thompson type 531. Other tales of this type include '' The Firebird and Princess Vasilisa'', '' Corvetto' ...
'', ''
The Firebird and Princess Vasilisa
The Firebird and Princess Vasilisa (russian: Жар-птица и царевна Василиса) is a Russian fairy tale collected by Alexander Afanasyev in ''Narodnye russkie skazki''. It is one of many tales written about the mythical Firebir ...
'', ''
Corvetto'', ''
King Fortunatus's Golden Wig "King Fortunatus's Golden Wig" ( Breton: ''Barvouskenn ar roue Fortunatus'') is a French fairy tale collected by Colonel A. Troude and G. Milin in '.Paul Delarue, "The Borzoi Book of French Folk-Tales", Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York 1956
It is A ...
'', and ''
The Mermaid and the Boy
The Mermaid and the Boy (''Gutten, Havfruen og Ridder Rød''; German: ''Der Knabe, die Meerfrau und Ritter Roth'') is a Sámi fairy tale collected by Josef Calasanz Poestion in '' Lapplandische Märchen'' ( Wein; 1886). Andrew Lang included an ...
''.
Synopsis
A princess was so beautiful and had such golden hair that she was known as Pretty Goldilocks. A neighboring king fell in love with her from her description, but much to the king's disappointment, she rejected his ambassador, saying she had no wish to be married. A young courtier and royal favorite, called
Charming
Charming may refer to:
Fiction
* ''Charming'' (film), a computer-animated musical comedy film
* Charming (''Sons of Anarchy''), a fictional town where the television series '' Sons of Anarchy'' is set
* Prince Charming (disambiguation), a stock ...
, told his friends that if ''he'' had gone, she would have accepted, and the king threw him in prison. He lamented his fate, and the king, hearing, told him what he had said was the cause of it. Charming said that he would have drawn such a picture of the king as to make him irresistible to her, and the king decided to send him. On the way, he helped a carp that was out of water, a raven being chased by an eagle, and an owl caught in a net;
each one promised to help him.
When he attempted to bring his master's suit before the princess, she told him that she had lost a ring in the river and was so vexed that she would not listen to any suit unless the ambassador brought back her ring. His dog, Frisk, advised him to try, and the carp brought him the ring. When he brought it to Goldilocks, she told him that a
giant
In folklore, giants (from Ancient Greek: '' gigas'', cognate giga-) are beings of human-like appearance, but are at times prodigious in size and strength or bear an otherwise notable appearance. The word ''giant'' is first attested in 1297 fr ...
who was a prince had tried to marry her and was troubling her subjects. She could not listen unless he killed the giant. He went to fight it, and with the raven's aid in pecking the giant's eyes during the fight, he succeeded. Goldilocks refused unless he brought her some water from the Fountain of Health and Beauty, and the owl fetched the water for him.
The princess agreed then and made preparations to go and marry the king, although she at times wished they could stay, and she would marry Charming. Charming refused to be disloyal to his king.
Goldilocks married the king but remained fond of Charming, and Charming's enemies told the king that she praised him so highly, he should be jealous. The king had Charming thrown in a tower. When Goldilocks begged for his freedom, the king refused, but decided to rub his face with the water from the Fountain of Health and Beauty to please her. A maid had broken that bottle, though, and replaced it with another, not knowing the other bottle was actually a potent poison used for executing nobles by rubbing their faces with it.
Frisk came to the queen and asked her not to forget Charming, and the queen immediately released him and married him.
Analysis
The horse helper
The
Aarne–Thompson–Uther tales types ATU 530, 531 (
The Clever Horse) and 533 (
The Speaking Horsehead) fall under the umbrella of ''Supernatural Helper'' in the folk/fairy tale index and pertain to a cycle of stories in which a magical horse helps the hero or heroine by giving advice and/or instructing him/her.
According to French folklorist
Paul Delarue
Paul Alfred Delarue, born 20 April 1889 in Saint-Didier, Nièvre, died 25 July 1956 in Autun, Saône-et-Loire, was a French folklorist.
A world-renowned specialist in the field of folklore, his crowning achievement was his , a catalog of folkt ...
, the tale type ATU 531 is known in French academia as ''La Belle aux Cheveux d'Or'', after d'Aulnoy's tale. At the beginning of the story, the hero finds some shiny objects in his way (a shining feather or a shining lock of hair), but his talking horse warns him against it.
The role of the heroine
The heroine's lack of agency has been noticed and called into question: despite being part of Madame d'Aulnoy's cast of heroines and princesses with agency in her literary fairy tales, Princess Goldilocks still needs the intervention of a third party (the loyal ambassador) in order to ensure her happy ending at the end of the tale.
The name of the princess
Alternate translations to the name of the tale are ''Princess Goldenhair'', ''The Fair with Golden Hair'' ''The Fair Maid with Golden Locks'', or ''Fair Goldilocks''. ''Fair'' is an
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
** English national ide ...
word associated with beauty, and it keeps the connection between light-colored hair and good qualities, like kindness and beauty.
The ritual of rejuvenation or beautification
In many variants, the last item the hero must quest for is the "milk of fiery mares", which will grant beauty, strength and vigour after a special ritual. Russian folklorist
Alexander Afanasyev
Alexander Nikolayevich Afanasyev (Afanasief, Afanasiev or Afanas'ev, russian: link=no, Александр Николаевич Афанасьев) ( — ) was a Russian Slavist and ethnographer who published nearly 600 Russian fairy and folk ta ...
mentioned that these equine characters come from the sea. When the princess uses the magical milk, the horse helper uses its breath to protect the hero, by inhaling the fumes or by cooling the mixture. When the kingly rival steps in, he is killed in the process. Likewise, as described by professor Susan Hoogasian-Villa, in Armenian variants, the sea horse's milk also grants youth to the character. In regards to a similar motif in Russian variants, Jack Haney suggested an oriental origin.
Folklorist Alexander Krappe also noted that, in many variants, the hero quests for a water of life and a water of death. When the emperor or king uses the ointment or magical water, a mix-up happens: the maid or a lady-in-waiting accidentally breaks the flask and, in a hurry, unknowingly substitutes the broken vial with poison. This theme is also widespread in
French literary and oral tradition, under the theme of ''La Jeune Fille aux cheveux d'or et l'Eau de la mort et de la vie'': a king, emperor or sultan becomes enamored with a princess or lady of royal birth, famed for her golden hair, and sends an emissary (a knight, a page, an ambassador) to win her over in his stead. When the dame is brought before her would-be suitor, she seizes the opportunity to dispose of him, by performing an elaborate ritual involving the holy water, or bath. After the deed is done, her kingly suitor is (accidentally or deliberately) killed, and she is free to marry the emissary.
Variants
Origins
Professor
Stith Thompson
Stith Thompson (March 7, 1885 – January 10, 1976) was an American folklorist: he has been described as "America's most important folklorist".
He is the "Thompson" of the Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index, which indexes folktales by type, and the ...
remarked that the geographic distribution of the tale pointed to "an unbroken line through the Caucasus, the Near East, India, Cambodia, and the Philippines", which suggested an Eastern point of origin, "possibly from India". Its dissemination is also said to be limited "to Eastern Europe, Greece, Turkey and India".
A
quantitative
Quantitative may refer to:
* Quantitative research, scientific investigation of quantitative properties
* Quantitative analysis (disambiguation)
* Quantitative verse, a metrical system in poetry
* Statistics, also known as quantitative analysis ...
study, published by
folklorist
Folklore studies, less often known as folkloristics, and occasionally tradition studies or folk life studies in the United Kingdom, is the branch of anthropology devoted to the study of folklore. This term, along with its synonyms, gained currenc ...
Sara Graça da Silva and
anthropologist
An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology. Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies. Social anthropology, cultural anthropology and philosophical anthropology study the norms and ...
Jamshid J. Tehrani in 2016, seemed to indicate that the tale type shows a certain antiquity: based on a
phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...
model, both researchers estimated that the ATU 531 type belongs to an ancestral tale corpora of the
Indo-Iranian languages
The Indo-Iranian languages (also Indo-Iranic languages or Aryan languages) constitute the largest and southeasternmost extant branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family (with over 400 languages), predominantly spoken i ...
and the Western branch of the Indo-European languages.
Literary connections
Folklorist and comparative mythologist
Alexander Haggerty Krappe
Alexander Haggerty Krappe (6 July 1894 – 30 November 1947) was a folklorist and writer. Along with Francis Peabody Magoun, he was the first translator of folktales collected by the Brothers Grimm into the English language. He was also a linguis ...
, in a 1925 article, argued that the myth of ''
Jason and Medea
In Greek mythology, Medea (; grc, Μήδεια, ''Mēdeia'', perhaps implying "planner / schemer") is the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis, a niece of Circe and the granddaughter of the sun god Helios. Medea figures in the myth of Jason and ...
'' was a reworking of the widespread folktale ''The Quest of the Princess with the Golden Hair'', by pointing parallels between the Greek myth and the tale type: the hero is helped by a talking horse (or mule, or donkey, given by a spirit, God, Virgin Mary, or the Devil), so - Krappe deduced - the Argo ship must have been originally given by a deity, and served to warn Jason against dangers. Also, Krappe pointed that the king, in the tale type, sends the hero to find him precious treasures associated with gold, and the titular golden-haired princess, who is sometimes associated with the Sun - like Medea, descendant of Sun god Helios. Lastly, the princess of the tale type submits the hero and the king to an experiment of rejuvenating, which involves both men entering a burning oven, or bathing in boiling milk or oil. Krappe, to conclude his comparison, cited that ancient authors Pherecydes of Syros and Simonides reported variations wherein Medea applies a similar rejuvenating treatment to Jason himself, instead of Pelias.
A line of scholarship believes that the tale type ATU 531 also shows parallels with the Celtic
chivalric romance
As a literary genre, the chivalric romance is a type of prose and verse narrative that was popular in the noble courts of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe. They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures, often of a chivalric k ...
of ''
Tristan and Iseult
Tristan and Iseult, also known as Tristan and Isolde and other names, is a medieval chivalric romance told in numerous variations since the 12th century. Based on a Celtic legend and possibly other sources, the tale is a tragedy about the illic ...
'', like French
Emmanuel Cosquin
Emmanuel Cosquin (1841 – 1919) was a French folklorist. He wrote the "Popular Tales of Lorraine," in the introduction to which he argues for the theory that the development as well as the origin of such tales is historically traceable to India.
...
and German scholars and . They argued for the presence of motifs of the tale type in ''Tristan and Isolde'': in some versions of the Celtic romance, a little bird (a swallow) flies to King Mark's castle with a strand of golden hair in its beak; he then becomes interested in finding its owner.
German folklorist
Felix Liebrecht
Felix Liebrecht (13 March 1812 – 3 August 1890) was a German folklorist.
Biography
Liebrecht was born in Namslau, Prussian Silesia. He studied philology at the universities of Breslau, Munich, and Berlin, and in 1851 became professor of ...
seemed to agree with Köhler's assessment of the connection between the chivalric romance and the tale type, but complemented his analysis. Liebrecht located the motif of the lock of golden hair in the
Ancient Egyptian story of ''
Tale of Two Brothers
The "Tale of Two Brothers" is an ancient Egyptian story that dates from the reign of Seti II, who ruled from 1200 to 1194 BC during the 19th Dynasty of the New Kingdom. The story is preserved on the Papyrus D'Orbiney, which is currently held in t ...
'': after being exiled from home, Batu is given a wife by the gods. One day, the Nile river washes a lock of her hair to the court of the Pharaoh, who falls in love with its owner. The Pharaoh's wise men tell him that its owner is the daughter of the Sun god, lord of the celestial realms and of the waters.
Another connected story, ascribed to a
Jewish legend contained in the ', was published by German theologian
Christoph Helvig, in 1602. In this tale, an impious king is advised by his councillors to take a wife, when a bird appears with a golden hair in its beak. He then summons a court favourite, Rabbi Chanina, to find the owner of the golden hair. With the help of grateful animals (lacking a horse, however), Rabbi Chanina brings the king the princess and vials of water of paradise and water of hell. Rabbi Chanina is killed by envious courtiers, but the princess resurrects him with the water of paradise. The princess then dowses the impious king with the water of hell and he burns to ashes, freeing the way for the princess to marry Rabbi Chanina.
Cosquin also indicated another Indian parallel to the story. In the Indian work ''
Singhasan Battisi
''Singhasan Battisi'' is a collection of Indian folk tales. The title literally means "thirty-two (tales) of the throne". In the frame story, the 11th century king Bhoja discovers the throne of the legendary ancient king Vikramaditya . The throne ...
'' ("Thirty-Two Tales of the Throne"), a princess sets a challenge for any suitor: they must jump into a vat of boiling oil before they have a chance to court her. Of course, this has taken the lives of countless suitors. When King
Vikramaditya
Vikramaditya (IAST: ') was a legendary king who has been featured in hundreds of traditional stories including those in ''Baital Pachisi'' and '' Singhasan Battisi''. Many describe him as ruler with his capital at Ujjain (Pataliputra or Prati ...
learns of this, he decides to jump into the vat. He does and is scorched to death. However, the princess herself dowses Vikramaditya's body with
amrita
''Amrita'' ( sa, अमृत, IAST: ''amṛta''), ''Amrit'' or ''Amata'' in Pali, (also called ''Sudha'', ''Amiy'', ''Ami'') is a Sanskrit word that means "immortality". It is a central concept within Indian religions and is often referred t ...
(a water of immortality) and restores the king to full health.
Predecessors
A predecessor to the tale penned by Madame d'Aulnoy is ''Livoretto'', an
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
literary fairy tale by
Giovanni Straparola, in his ''
The Facetious Nights''.
Distribution
Europe
Despite its origins as a literary tale penned by
Madame d'Aulnoy
Marie-Catherine Le Jumel de Barneville, Baroness d'Aulnoy (1650/1651 – 14 January 1705), also known as Countess d'Aulnoy, was a French author known for her literary fairy tales. When she termed her works ''contes de fées'' (fairy tales), sh ...
, the story shares many recognizable themes and motifs with many tales collected from oral tradition and folklore, such as those by the
Brothers Grimm
The Brothers Grimm ( or ), Jacob (1785–1863) and Wilhelm (1786–1859), were a brother duo of German academics, philologists, cultural researchers, lexicographers, and authors who together collected and published folklore. They are among the ...
. For example,
Ferdinand the Faithful and Ferdinand the Unfaithful
"Ferdinand the Faithful and Ferdinand the Unfaithful" is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 126.
It is Aarne-Thompson type 531. Other tales of this type include '' The Firebird and Princess Vasilisa'', '' Corvetto' ...
. In French sources, d'Aulnoy's tale has been reported to have influenced at least 5 of the 51 versions collected.
The character of the foreign princess of an exotic, sometimes fictional, country appears in French variant ''La princesse de Tronkolaine'' ("The Princess of Tronkolaine").
The episode where the king tries to get rid of his rival by bathing in a vat of a special mixture or using the ointment/holy water the hero collected also happens in
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
n fairy tale ''The Girl Who Pretended to be a Boy'', published in 1901 in
Andrew Lang's The Violet Fairy Book
''The Langs' Fairy Books'' are a series of 25 collections of true and fictional stories for children published between 1889 and 1913 by Andrew Lang and his wife, Leonora Blanche Alleyne. The best known books of the series are the 12 collections ...
. A similar event happens in
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
n fairy tale ''
The Firebird and Princess Vasilisa
The Firebird and Princess Vasilisa (russian: Жар-птица и царевна Василиса) is a Russian fairy tale collected by Alexander Afanasyev in ''Narodnye russkie skazki''. It is one of many tales written about the mythical Firebir ...
'' and in
French/
Breton
Breton most often refers to:
*anything associated with Brittany, and generally
** Breton people
** Breton language, a Southwestern Brittonic Celtic language of the Indo-European language family, spoken in Brittany
** Breton (horse), a breed
**Ga ...
fairy tale ''
King Fortunatus's Golden Wig "King Fortunatus's Golden Wig" ( Breton: ''Barvouskenn ar roue Fortunatus'') is a French fairy tale collected by Colonel A. Troude and G. Milin in '.Paul Delarue, "The Borzoi Book of French Folk-Tales", Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York 1956
It is A ...
'' (''Barvouskenn ar roue Fortunatus'').
The character of the lovely maiden with golden hair also appears in
Slavic fairy tales, with the name ''Dieva Zlato Vláska'' or simply ''Zlatovláska'', meaning Goldenhair. As such, the fairy tale was adapted into the
Czech
Czech may refer to:
* Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe
** Czech language
** Czechs, the people of the area
** Czech culture
** Czech cuisine
* One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus'
Places
* Czech, ...
film ''
Zlatovláska'' (Goldilocks, Czechoslovakia, 1973).
A variant in
Spanish
Spanish might refer to:
* Items from or related to Spain:
**Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain
**Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries
**Spanish cuisine
Other places
* Spanish, Ontario, Can ...
has been collected by writer
Fernán Caballero
Fernán Caballero (24 December 1796 – 7 April 1877) was the pseudonym of Spanish novelist Cecilia Francisca Josefa Böhl de Faber y Ruiz de Larrea. She was daughter of German writer Johann Nikolaus Böhl von Faber and Spanish writer Frasquit ...
, titled ''Bella-Flor''. The tale has been translated into
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
** English national ide ...
and published in
Andrew Lang
Andrew Lang (31 March 1844 – 20 July 1912) was a Scottish poet, novelist, literary critic, and contributor to the field of anthropology. He is best known as a collector of folk and fairy tales. The Andrew Lang lectures at the University ...
's
The Orange Fairy Book
''The Langs' Fairy Books'' are a series of 25 collections of true and fictional children's literature, stories for children published between 1889 in literature, 1889 and 1913 in literature, 1913 by Andrew Lang and his wife, Leonora Blanche Alley ...
, with the name ''The Princess Bella-Flor''.
According to Professor Bronislava Kerbelytė, the tale type is reported to register two hundred
Lithuania
Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...
n variants, under the banner ''The Clever Horse'', with and without contamination from other tale types.
At least two
Armenia
Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ''Ox ...
n variants combine the tale type ATU 531, "The Clever Horse" with ATU 551, "
The Water of Life ("The Wonderful Remedy for the King)". In ''Kush-Pari'' or ''The Bird-Peri'', three princes search for a cure for their father's blindness, but only the youngest is successful in journeying beyond the realm with his father's magical horse. The prince finds a brilliant golden feather on the way to another kingdom and delivers it to a second king, who wants the bird: the titular Kush-Pari. The prince fetches the Kush-Pari, her handmaiden and forty fiery mares for a ritual. The prince and the king take part in the ritual, but the king dies and the prince marries the Kush-Pari, now in human form. As the tale concludes, the Kush-Pari gives her husband the remedy to save his father. In ''The Fiery Horse'', the three princes must seek, as remedy for their father, a lump of earth from "no human has even trodden". To help them in their quest, they need their father's Fiery Horse, found in the depths of a forest, but only the youngest prince finds and rides it. They ride into the Dark City and find a Luminous Feather. They appear before the king of this city, who wishes to own the bird of the luminous plumage. The second task is to bring the king the maiden who owns 40 cows swift as the wind and their milk as the third task. The prince and the king go through a ritual with the boiling milk, but only the prince goes unscathed and marries the maiden. Some time later, she reveals her husband the location of the fabled lump of earth: at the bottom of a lake, guarded by "ferocious Watery Horses tall as Mares".
Asia
A
Filipino
Filipino may refer to:
* Something from or related to the Philippines
** Filipino language, standardized variety of 'Tagalog', the national language and one of the official languages of the Philippines.
** Filipinos, people who are citizens of th ...
variant, titled ''Benito, the faithful servant'', has been collected and published in
The Journal of American Folklore
The ''Journal of American Folklore'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Folklore Society. Since 2003, this has been done on its behalf by the University of Illinois Press. The journal has been published since the society' ...
.
Variants of tale have been identified in the works of Pandit
Ram Gharib Chaube
Ram Gharib Chaube was an Indian scholar who assisted William Crooke in various ethnographic researches during the period of the British Raj.
Chaube was from the eastern North-Western Provinces and an intelligent scholar with a BA from Presidency ...
and British orientalist
William Crooke
William Crooke (6 August 1848 – 25 October 1923) was a British orientalist and a key figure in the study and documentation of Anglo-Indian folklore. He was born in County Cork, Ireland, and was educated at Erasmus Smith's Tipperary Grammar S ...
.
Legacy
The tale was one of many from d'Aulnoy's pen to be adapted to the stage by
James Planché
James Robinson Planché (27 February 1796 – 30 May 1880) was a British dramatist, antiquary and officer of arms. Over a period of approximately 60 years he wrote, adapted, or collaborated on 176 plays in a wide range of genres including ...
, as part of his ''Fairy Extravaganza''. He translated the tale as ''The Fair One with Golden Locks'' for the stage.
The tale was adapted and retold by William Trowbridge Larned as ''The King's Messenger''.
[Larned, William Trowbridge, and John Rae]
''Fairy-tales From France''. New York: P. F. Volland Co., 1920.
/ref>
See also
*Dapplegrim
Dapplegrim (Norwegian: ''Grimsborken'') is a Norwegian fairy tale collected by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe in their ''Norske Folkeeventyr''. Andrew Lang included it in ''The Red Fairy Book''.
Plot
A man, the youngest of 12 chil ...
*The Death of Koschei the Deathless
The Death of Koschei the Deathless or Marya Morevna (russian: Марья Моревна) is a Russian fairy tale collected by Alexander Afanasyev in '' Narodnye russkie skazki'' and included by Andrew Lang in ''The Red Fairy Book''. The characte ...
*Ileana Simziana
''Ileana Simziana'' or ''Ileana Sînziana'' (also translated to English as ''The Princess Who Would be a Prince or Iliane of the Golden Tresses'' and ''Helena Goldengarland'') is a Romanian fairy tale collected and written down by Petre Ispiresc ...
*The Firebird and Princess Vasilisa
The Firebird and Princess Vasilisa (russian: Жар-птица и царевна Василиса) is a Russian fairy tale collected by Alexander Afanasyev in ''Narodnye russkie skazki''. It is one of many tales written about the mythical Firebir ...
*King Fortunatus's Golden Wig "King Fortunatus's Golden Wig" ( Breton: ''Barvouskenn ar roue Fortunatus'') is a French fairy tale collected by Colonel A. Troude and G. Milin in '.Paul Delarue, "The Borzoi Book of French Folk-Tales", Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York 1956
It is A ...
References
Further reading
* Delarue, Paul et Ténèze, Marie-Louise. ''Le Conte populaire français. Catalogue raisonné des versions de France et des pays de langue française d'outre-mer'' Nouvelle édition en un seul volume, Maisonneuve & Larose. 1997
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pretty Goldilocks, The Story of
Works by Madame d'Aulnoy
Pretty Goldilocks
ATU 500-559