The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof (variation : Mbin Boureh Gnilane or Mbind Bure Nilaan in Serer) was a royal house founded in the 14th century by Jaraff Boureh Gnilane Joof (var : ''Bouré Gnilane Diouf'' or ''Buré Ñilaan''). He was a member the Serer tribe, from the pre-colonial

Kingdom of Sine The Kingdom of Sine (also: ''Sin, Siine'' or Siin in the Serer-Sine language) was a post-classical Serer kingdom along the north bank of the Saloum River delta in modern Senegal. The inhabitants are called ''Siin-Siin'' or ''Sine-Sine'' (a Se ...

now part of independent

Senegal Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 (Senegaali); Arabic: السنغال ''As-Sinighal'') officially the Republic of Senegal,; Wolof: ''Réewum Senegaal''; Pulaar : 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 � ...

.Diouf, Niokhobaye, ''"Chronique du royaume du Sine"'', Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, (1972), pp 709-712 (pp 6-8) It was the first royal house founded by the

Joof family Joof (English spelling in the Gambia) or Diouf (French spelling in Senegal and Mauritania) is a surname that is typically Serer. This surname is also spelt Juuf or Juf (in the Serer language). They are the same people. The differences in spel ...

during the Guelowar period (1350For the Guelowar period, see : Sarr, Alioune, " Histoire du Sine-Saloum" (

Sénégal Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 (Senegaali); Arabic: السنغال ''As-Sinighal'') officially the Republic of Senegal,; Wolof: ''Réewum Senegaal''; Pulaar : 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 ...

). Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle qui est parue en 1986-87. p 19 - 1969Klein, Martin. A., ''"Islam and Imperialism in Senegal

Sine-Saloum Sine-Saloum is a region in Senegal located north of the Gambia and south of the Petite Côte. It encompasses an area of 24,000 square kilometers, about 12% of Senegal, with a population in the 1990s of 1,060,000. The western portion contains the ...

, 1847-1914"'', Edinburgh University Press (1968), p XV). Boureh Gnilane Joof was a royal prince and a Jaraff (var : ''Diaraf''), a Serer title of nobility with the powers of a

prime minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister i ...

. He was neither a

Maad a Sinig Maad a Sinig (variations : Mad a Sinig, 'Maad Sine, Maat Sine, Bour Sine, Bur Sine, etc.) means king of Sine. The ancient Kingdom of Sine, now part of Senegal, was a pre-colonial Serer kingdom . Their kings were titled ''Maad'' or ''Maad'' (also ...

(king of Sine) nor a

Maad Saloum Maad Saloum (variations :Maad a Saloum, Mad Saloum, Maat Saloum, Bour Saloum, Bur Saloum, etc.) means king of Saloum, in the Serer language. The ancient Kingdom of Saloum now part of present-day Senegal was a pre-colonial Serer kingdom. Their ki ...

(king of Saloum) but a royal prince who had the title ''Jaraff'' bestowed upon him by his cousin and

brother-in-law A sibling-in-law is the spouse of one's sibling, or the sibling of one's spouse, or the person who is married to the sibling of one's spouse.Cambridge Dictionaries Online.Family: non-blood relations. More commonly, a sibling-in-law is referre ...

- Maad a Sinig Diessanou Faye (king of Sine). His father Maad Patar Kholleh Joof (the conqueror) was the king of Laa and

Teigne Teigne (also : Teign, Tègne, Teeñ, Tin or Tañ in Wolof language) was the title of the monarch of the pre-colonial Kingdom of Baol, now part of present-day Senegal. In Wolof, "Teigne" means the support that is placed on the head to carry som ...

Baol The Kingdom of Baol or Bawol in central Senegal was one of the kingdoms that arose from the split-up of the Empire of Jolof (Diolof) in 1555. The ruler ( Teigne or Teen) reigned from a capital in Diourbel. The Kingdom encompassed a strip of l ...

(king of Baol). Boureh's brothers were the first from this house to have succeeded to the throne of Sine during the Guelowar period. His name was adopted in his honour to refer to the first royal house founded by the Joof family during this

dynastic A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,''Oxford English Dictionary'', "dynasty, ''n''." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897. usually in the context of a monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in republics. A d ...

period. The Joof family of Sine, from this royal house also ruled in the

Kingdom of Saloum The Kingdom of Saloum (Serer language: ''Saluum'' or ''Saalum'') was a Serer/ Wolof kingdom in present-day Senegal. Its kings may have been of Mandinka/Kaabu origin. The capital of Saloum was the city of Kahone. It was a sister kingdom of S ...

(the Joof paternal dynasty of Sine and Saloum)Ba, Abdou Bouri, "Essai sur l’histoire du Saloum et du Rip". Avant-propos par Charles Becker et Victor Martin, BIFAN, Tome 38, Série B, n° 4, octobre 1976, p 834 (p 14) The Joof family also ruled in Baol (the Joof paternal dynasty of Baol). From the date of its foundation up to the abolition of the Serer monarchies of Sine and Saloum in 1969, at least ten kings from this house had succeeded to the throne of Sine. As the first royal house of Sine founded by the Joof family in this dynastic period, the Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof holds great significance in Senegambian, Joof family and

Serer history The medieval history of the Serer people of Senegambia is partly characterised by resisting Islamization from perhaps the 11th century during the Almoravid movement (which would later result in the Serers of Takrur migration to the south), to the ...

, because all the subsequent royal houses founded by the Joof family (who ruled in three Senegambian kingdoms) branched out from this royal house. ''La famille Juuf'' n« L'épopée de Sanmoon Fay », nÉthiopiques, no 54, vol. 7, 2^e semestre 199

/ref>

List of kings

The following is a list of kings from the Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof that reigned in the Serer kingdoms of Kingdom of Sine, Sine and

Saloum The Kingdom of Saloum (Serer language: ''Saluum'' or ''Saalum'') was a Serer/ Wolof kingdom in present-day Senegal. Its kings may have been of Mandinka/Kaabu origin. The capital of Saloum was the city of Kahone. It was a sister kingdom of Si ...

. Their royal titles :

and

signifies ''king of Sine'' and ''Saloum'' respectively. The surname ''

Joof Joof, is a typical Serer patronym in the Gambia. In French-speaking Senegal, it is written as Diouf, whilst in English-speaking Gambia, it is written as Joof. It is the surname of: * Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof (1924 – 2011), Gambian ...

'' is the English spelling in

the Gambia The Gambia,, ff, Gammbi, ar, غامبيا officially the Republic of The Gambia, is a country in West Africa. It is the smallest country within mainland AfricaHoare, Ben. (2002) ''The Kingfisher A-Z Encyclopedia'', Kingfisher Publicatio ...

, whilst '' Diouf'' is the French spelling in

. The proper spelling is ''Juuf'' or ''Juf'' in Serer which reflects the actual

pronunciation Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken. This may refer to generally agreed-upon sequences of sounds used in speaking a given word or language in a specific dialect ("correct pronunciation") or simply the way a particular ...

(see

) :

Kingdom of Sine

* Maad a Sinig Niokhobai Mane Nyan Joof, brother of Boureh Gnilane and the first

(king of Kingdom of Sine, Sine) from this royal house. Reigned : c. 1369 - 1379 * Maad a Sinig Gejopal Mane Nyan Joof, brother of Boureh Gnilane and Maad a Sinig Niokhobai Mane Nyan Joof. Reigned : c. 1379 - 1394Diouf, Niokhobaye, ''"Chronique du royaume du Sine"'', (1972), p 713 (p 8) During his reign, his reign, the

underwent a religious reformation (the religious reformation of Maad a Sinig Gejopal Mane Nyan Joof) * Maad a Sinig Ama Kodu Joof, reigned : c. 1516 - 1534. * Maad a Sinig Latsouk Gnilane Samba Joof, reigned : c. 1672 - 1688.Diouf, Niokhobaye, ''"Chronique du royaume du Sine"'', (1972), p 719 (p 12) During his reign, the Serer priestly class (the

Saltigue The Saltigue (other spelling: Saltigué, Saltigui or Saltigi in Serer), are Serer high priests and priestesses who preside over the religious ceremonies and affairs of the Serer people, such as the ''Xooy'' (or ''Xoy'') ceremony, the biggest ev ...

s) were public humiliated if the actual event differs from what they had divined at the

Xooy The Xooy (meaning "macerate" in Serer, sometimes spelled XoyAfrica Consultants International (2000), ''Yëgóo: magazine d'échanges inter-culturels, Issues 0-11'', p. lix or Khoy) is a Serer divination ceremony held once a year in Fatick, S ...

ceremony (var : ''Khoy''). * Maad a Sinig Ama Kodu Samba Joof, reigned : c. 1715 -1724. He aided the

Damel Damel was the title of the ruler (or king) of the Wolof kingdom of Cayor in what is now northwest Senegal, West Africa. The most well-known ''damel'' is probably Lat Dior Diop (1842–1886) who died in battle during the final French drive to capt ...

Cayor Cayor ( wo, Kajoor; ar, كاجور) was the largest and most powerful kingdom (1549–1879) that split off from the Jolof Empire in what is now Senegal. Cayor was located in northern and central Senegal, southeast of Walo, west of the kingdom ...

at the Battle of Sanghai and defeated the

. * Maad a Sinig Boukar Tjilas Mahe Soum Joof, reigned : 1750 - 1763. He was the father of

Lingeer Lingeer (also: ''Linger'' or Linguère) was the title given to the mother or sister of a king in the Serer kingdoms of Sine, Saloum, and previously the Kingdom of Baol; and the Wolof kingdoms of Cayor, Jolof, Baol and Waalo in pre-colonia ...

Kodu Kumba Yandeh Mbarou Joof (many variations : Codou Coumba Yandé) the princess of Sine and queen mother of

and

. Lingeer Kodu Kumba Yandeh Mbarou was the mother of

Makodu Yandeh Mbarou Joof Faal (var : Macodou Codou Coumba Yandé), the king of

and

(see

Guelowar Guelowar, also spelled Gelwar, Guelwar, Guelware, Gueleware or Gueloware, was a maternal dynasty in the pre-colonial Serer kingdoms of Sine and Saloum (in the Senegambia, but mainly in the western area of present-day Senegal). They were from th ...

)."Notes africaines, Issues 145-156", Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Institut français d'Afrique noire, (1975), p 111 * Maad a Sinig Ama Kodu Mahe Ngom Joof, reigned 1770 - 1789. As well as chairing the meetings of the Saltigues during his reign, he also challenged their authority. Apart from his interference in religious matters, the Kingdom of Sine was very peaceful during his reign. * Maad a Sinig Jaligue Sira Joof, reigned : 1885 - 1886 He came to the throne following a civil war brought on by the dynastic struggles of Maad a Sinig Amadi Baro Joof and Maad a Sinig Mbackeh Mak Njie. He died few months after succeeding to the throne. After his death, the

Junjung A junjung (or variously ''jung-jung'', ''gungun'', ''dyoung-dyoung'' etc.) is the royal war drum of the Serer people in Senegal and the Gambia. It was played on the way to the battlefield, on special state occasions as well as on Serer religio ...

of Sine was recovered from his estate and kept by his successor and former adversary (Maad a Sinig Mbackeh Mak).Diouf, Niokhobaye, ''"Chronique du royaume du Sine"'', (1972), p 731-2 (p 19) *Maad a Sinig Niokhobai Semou Joof, reigned 1886 - 1887 *

Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof, also known as Kumba Ndoffene Joof II or ''Bour Sine Coumba Ndoffène Fandepp Diouf'', was a King of Sine (in present-day Senegal). Maad a Sinig (also: ''Mad a Sinig'' or ''Maad Sine'') translates as "Kin ...

. He was the last Serer king of Sine from this royal house.Diouf, Niokhobaye, ''"Chronique du royaume du Sine"'', (1972), p 732 (p 19) He died from illness in 1923.Klein, ''Islam and imperialism in Senegal'', p. 202.

Kingdom of Saloum

* Maad Saloum Malawtan Joof, originally from Sine. He was the longest reigning king of Saloum (45 years on the throne) and one of the most well known. Reigned : 1567 - 1612. * Maad Saloum Ama-Joof Joof.Variation : Amadiouf Diouf His father came from Sine. On his maternal line, he was a

from the royal line of

Begay Souka (var : ''Bigué Souka''). Reigned : 1690 - 1696List of kings of Saloum by king « Fodé Diouf » (Maad Saloum Fode N'Gouye Joof) nBrigaud, Félix, "Histoire traditionnelle du Sénégal", Études sénégalaises, n° 9, St-Louis, CRDS, 1962, pp 161-162 nBa, Abdou Bouri, "Essai sur l’histoire du Saloum et du Rip". Avant-propos par Charles Becker et Victor Martin, BIFAN, Tome 38, Série B, n° 4, octobre 1976, p 828 (pp 10-) Like Malawtan Joof, many of his descendants that ruled Saloum partains to this royal house.

Notes

Bibliography

* Diouf, Niokhobaye, ''"Chronique du royaume du Sine"'', Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, (1972). *''La famille Juuf'' n« L'épopée de Sanmoon Fay », nÉthiopiques, no 54, vol. 7, 2^e semestre 199

* Sarr, Alioune, ''" Histoire du Sine-Saloum"'' (

). Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle qui est parue en 1986-87
extract
* Klein, Martin. A., ''"Islam and Imperialism in Senegal

, 1847-1914"'', Edinburgh University Press (1968), * Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, "Bulletin de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire: Sciences humaines, Volume 46", IFAN (1985), p 232 * Henry Gravrand, Gravrand, Henry, "La civilisation Sereer, vol. 2.

Pangool Pangool (in Serer and Cangin) singular: Fangool (var : ''Pangol'' and ''Fangol''), are the ancient saints and ancestral spirits of the Serer people of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania. The Pangool play a crucial role in Serer religion and hist ...

, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Sénégal (1990), *Phillips, Lucie Colvin, Historical dictionary of Senegal, Scarecrow Press (1981), pp 52-71 *Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Bulletin de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Volume 38. IFAN (1976), pp 557-504 *List of kings of Saloum by king « Fodé Diouf » nBrigaud, Félix, "Histoire traditionnelle du Sénégal", Études sénégalaises, n° 9, St-Louis, CRDS, (1962), pp 161–162 *Ba, Abdou Bouri, "Essai sur l’histoire du Saloum et du Rip". Avant-propos par Charles Becker et Victor Martin, BIFAN, Tome 38, Série B, n° 4, octobre (1976) *"Notes africaines, Issues 145-156", Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Institut français d'Afrique noire, (1975), p 111

External links

*''La famille Juuf'' n« L'épopée de Sanmoon Fay », nÉthiopiques, no 54, vol. 7, 2^e semestre 199

* Sarr, Alioune, ''" Histoire du Sine-Saloum"'' (

). Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle qui est parue en 1986-87
extract
*Alioune Sarr, "Histoire du Sine-Saloum" nOmar Diaw, "Sénégal: Diakhao - Dans la cour des Bour Sine" (27 Mars 2012) n allAfrica.com, All Africabr>
(regarding :Serer royalty, Serer royalty of Kingdom of Sine, Sine) {{DEFAULTSORT:Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof * Serer royalty