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The ''Nashville Banner'' is a defunct daily newspaper of Nashville, Tennessee, United States, which published from April 10, 1876 until February 20, 1998. The ''Banner'' was published each Monday through Friday afternoon (as well as Saturdays until the 1990s and Sundays until 1937), and at one time carried as many as five editions. It was long a voice of conservative viewpoints in contrast to its liberal morning counterpart, '' The Tennessean'', although these views were greatly moderated in the paper's twilight years.


History

The first edition of the ''Nashville Banner'' was published on April 10, 1876. It was begun as a voice for the railroads and other interests in comparison with other area papers of the time which tended to take the viewpoint of workers and unions. It was long controlled by the Stahlman family. The ''Banner'' was an evening paper, which at one time published as many as five editions (first, second, market final, sports final, and sunset final), although these were later consolidated into three editions, and eventually, two. For many years it was in a superior financial condition to its competitors, and in fact, when the rival ''Tennessean'' went bankrupt and almost had to cease publication, the ''Banner'' assisted in its purchase by the ''Evans'' family, who saved it. The ''Tennessean'' and the ''Banner'' entered into what was one of the first joint operating agreements in the U.S. in 1937. Under this agreement, which became a common model for many other cities over the next half-century, the papers maintained
editorial independence Editorial independence is the freedom of editors to make decisions without interference from the owners of a publication. Editorial independence is tested, for instance, if a newspaper runs articles that may be unpopular with its advertising clien ...
and remained separate as news-gathering organizations. However, they were printed on the same presses, distributed by a common agent, and had a consolidated
classified advertising Classified advertising is a form of advertising, particularly common in newspapers, online and other periodicals, which may be sold or distributed free of charge. Classified advertisements are much cheaper than larger display advertisements used ...
department. They were fierce competitors in the realm of news and ideas, but no longer
business Business is the practice of making one's living or making money by producing or Trade, buying and selling Product (business), products (such as goods and Service (economics), services). It is also "any activity or enterprise entered into for pr ...
competitors in the truest sense. This arrangement stood both papers in good stead for many years. However, the ''Banner'' began to suffer in the post- World War II era from the slow loss of readership that became common to most U.S. evening papers, which was largely attributed to the rise of television. Though the two papers shared many vital resources, they were vastly different in their editorial agendas. One memorable instance of such differences occurred during the mid-1960s as the merits of Daylight Saving Time were being debated. The ''Tennessean''/''Banner'' offices, at the time, featured a dual-sided clock on the roof. One side had the ''Tennessean'' logo, the other had the ''Banners. Silliman Evans, Jr., owner of the ''Tennessean'', supported DST and set its clock accordingly during the summer hours, but the Stahlman family, who controlled the ''Banner'', opted to keep their side of the clock on standard time, causing confusion for the many drivers and pedestrians on busy Broadway. Ed Huddleston wrote for The Banner including coverage of the Civil War in Middle Tennessee in 1965 for the centennial of the war’s end and the fight to save the historic Bijou Theatre, demolished as part of an urban renewal plan and replaced by the Municipal Auditorium. In the early 1970s the Stahlmans sold the ''Banner'' to the
Gannett Gannett Co., Inc. () is an American mass media holding company headquartered in McLean, Virginia, in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area.John Jay Hooker (Hooker later sold his stake in the paper to Simpkins and Currey). Although it took almost twenty years, this was the death knell for the ''Banner''. It was now clearly inferior in resources to its morning counterpart, and its circulation continued to shrink. In the 1980s Gannett insisted on renegotiation of the joint operating agreement to its benefit, and the ''Banner'' had little choice but to comply. Another reason for the weakness of the ''Banner'' was its lack of a Sunday edition comparable to the Tennessean's, which it had given up in the formation of the joint operating agreement. It had since always published on a six-day schedule, and as weekday papers, especially evening weekday papers, continued to decline, it did not have this profit center to draw upon. The ''Banner'' switched its Saturday edition for a while to a single, morning edition in direct competition with the ''Tennessean'', then announced that it was terminating its Saturday edition entirely. During this time, the ''Banner'' began to take far more moderate positions on issues on its editorial pages, although it generally remained more conservative than the ''Tennessean'' in most areas. It was in the contradictory situation of probably becoming more respected by people, especially those in the journalism community, at the same time that it was becoming less read. The ''Banner'' adopted several new technologies soon before its demise, including early online efforts such as the launch of a daily e-mail newsletter ("Nashville Banner Digest") in 1996, as usage of e-mail and the World Wide Web was becoming more common. It also built and maintained a website nearly a year before ''The Tennessean'', although only five months before the ''Banner'' went out of business. The ''Banner'' newsroom also became one of the nation's first to convert to the exclusive use of digital photography, completing the conversion just a few months before it ceased publication.


Closing

The end occurred when the Gannett Co. made the publishers of the ''Banner'' a large offer to terminate the joint operating agreement. The offer was approximately $65 million, likely more than any profit that could have been made by the continued publication of the ''Banner'', so it ceased to exist. (This was not considered by the
Justice Department A justice ministry, ministry of justice, or department of justice is a ministry or other government agency in charge of the administration of justice. The ministry or department is often headed by a minister of justice (minister for justice in a ...
to be an
antitrust Competition law is the field of law that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies. Competition law is implemented through public and private enforcement. It is also known as antitrust l ...
violation, but when Gannett attempted to do the same thing with its '' Honolulu Advertiser'' and the evening paper in that joint operating agreement, the ''
Honolulu Star-Bulletin The ''Honolulu Star-Bulletin'' was a daily newspaper based in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. At the time publication ceased on June 6, 2010, it was the second largest daily newspaper in the state of Hawaii (after the ''Honolulu Advertiser''). ...
'', only a few months later, it was prosecuted as such, the merger was forestalled, and both papers continued to operate until 2010.) The Banner's final edition was published on Friday, February 20, 1998. The announcement to close was made public the previous Monday, February 16. Several of the Banner's popular features and reporters, including columnists Mary Hance ("Ms. Cheap") and Joe Biddle (sports), immediately went to ''The Tennessean''.


Archives

The archives of the ''Nashville Banner'' were donated to the Nashville Public Library. The collection features the entire archive, a vending machine with the final edition still displayed in the window, the many awards the paper won over the years, various trinkets from the paper's offices, and a bronze statue of a paperboy selling the ''Banner'' which was originally placed on the plaza in front of the ''Tennessean/Banner'' offices. The archive is located at the downtown Nashville Public Library on Church Street and is open to the public.


Circulation history

A bit of gallows humor occasionally heard in the ''Banner'' newsroom, as a new obit came in, was: "There goes another reader." Figures from the newspaper's quarterly circulation audits illustrate how true the jibe became through the course of the 1990s, with readership dropping even as Nashville grew dramatically in population. Source: Audit Bureau of Circulations reports on ''Nashville Banner'', March 1997 and June 1998.


Notable contributors

* Ralph McGill (sports editor) *
Roy Neel Roy M. Neel (born 1948/1949) is a Democratic Party operative who served as a top assistant to Vice President Al Gore and President Bill Clinton. Biography Raised in Smyrna, Tennessee, Neel joined the United States Navy and served a tour of duty i ...
(lobbyist) *
Fred Russell Fred Russell (August 27, 1906 – January 26, 2003) was an American sportswriter from Tennessee who served as sports editor for the ''Nashville Banner'' for 68 years (1930–1998). Beginning in the 1960s he served for nearly three decades as ...
(sports editor) *
Christine Sadler Christine Sadler (1902–1983), born in Silver Point, Putnam County, Tennessee, was an American writer, journalist, and magazine editor. Biography Christine Sadler received her undergraduate degree from Peabody College (now an affiliate of Va ...
(journalist) * Buster Olney (ESPN.com senior writer) * Lamar Alexander (Vanderbilt campus correspondent)


See also

* List of defunct newspapers of the United States *'' The Tennessean'' *''
The City Paper ''The City Paper'' (also known as ''The Nashville City Paper'') is a free, weekly newspaper that serves Nashville, Tennessee opened November 1, 2000. The newspaper will reopened under new ownership of Nashville News on January 1, 2021 ''The C ...
''


References


External links


February 2008 reminiscences on the 10th anniversary of the ''Banners closing
including personal essays fro
a former "Betty Banner" society reporter
an
a second-generation ''Banner'' journalist

Archive of ''Nashville Banner''{{'s website with final story, published February 20, 1998
*An essay with images from the ''Nashville Banner'' Collection: John Egerton,

" ''Southern Spaces'', 4 May 2009. Defunct newspapers published in Tennessee Mass media in Nashville, Tennessee Publications established in 1876 Publications disestablished in 1998 1876 establishments in Tennessee 1998 disestablishments in Tennessee