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''The Mouth of the Wolf'' ( es, La boca del lobo) is a 1988 Peruvian
drama film In film and television, drama is a category or genre of narrative fiction (or semi-fiction) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone. Drama of this kind is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular super-g ...
directed by
Francisco José Lombardi Francisco José Lombardi (born 3 August 1949) is a Peruvian film director, film producer, producer and screenwriter. He has directed 17 films since 1977 in film, 1977. He received the Silver Shell for Best Director in 1985 for his film ''The Cit ...
that is based on the Socos massacre. The film was selected as the Peruvian entry for the
Best Foreign Language Film This is a list of categories of awards commonly awarded through organizations that bestow film awards, including those presented by various film, festivals, and people's awards. Best Actor/Best Actress *See Best Actor#Film awards, Best Actress#F ...
at the
61st Academy Awards The 61st Academy Awards ceremony, organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored the best films of 1988, and took place on Wednesday, March 29, 1989, at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, beginning at 6:00&nb ...
, but was not accepted as a nominee.Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences


Plot

A military detachment arrives in Chuspi, a small town in the
Department of Ayacucho Ayacucho () is a department and region of Peru, located in the south-central Andes of the country. Its capital is the city of Ayacucho. The region was one of the hardest hit in the 1980s during the guerrilla war waged by Shining Path known as ...
. The story follows Vitin Luna (Toño Vega), who is attempting to make his ways up the ranks and enter officer school, his companion Kike Gallardo (José Tejada) and other troops must face the
Communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
guerrilla group
Shining Path The Shining Path ( es, Sendero Luminoso), officially the Communist Party of Peru (, abbr. PCP), is a communist Guerrilla warfare, guerrilla group in Peru following Marxism–Leninism–Maoism and Gonzalo Thought. Academics often refer to the gro ...
during the
internal conflict in Peru The internal conflict in Peru is an ongoing armed conflict between the Government of Peru and the Marxism–Leninism–Maoism, Maoist guerilla group Shining Path. The conflict began on 17 May 1980, and from 1982 to 1997 the Túpac Amaru Revolu ...
, an invisible army that devastated the area and is seemingly superior. The troops are sent from the coastal metropolis of
Lima Lima ( ; ), originally founded as Ciudad de Los Reyes (City of The Kings) is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of t ...
and are racist towards the impoverished Andean peasants in the town due to cultural differences, seemingly arriving in a foreign land. Both groups use violence and
terrorism Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of criminal violence to provoke a state of terror or fear, mostly with the intention to achieve political or religious aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violen ...
against the local population to gain control, with the troops using tactics similar to the
Dirty War The Dirty War ( es, Guerra sucia) is the name used by the military junta or civic-military dictatorship of Argentina ( es, dictadura cívico-militar de Argentina, links=no) for the period of state terrorism in Argentina from 1974 to 1983 a ...
. During the first night in the town, a
Peruvian flag The flag of Peru was adopted by the government of Peru in 1824, and modified in 1950. According to the article 49 of the Constitution of Peru, it is a vertical triband with red outer bands and a single white middle band. Depending on its use, ...
raised over the barracks is taken down and replaced by a Shining Path flag. Troops respond by ransacking houses in the town and arrest one man, beating him for not responding, though the man only knew how to speak
Quechua Quechua may refer to: *Quechua people, several indigenous ethnic groups in South America, especially in Peru *Quechuan languages, a Native South American language family spoken primarily in the Andes, derived from a common ancestral language **So ...
and did not understand the troops. After the death of Luna's commander, the strict lieutenant Iván Roca (Gustavo Bueno) arrives to rally the remaining troops. Luna sees Roca as his mentor; however, the officer has a dark past that will lead him to use brutal methods in the anti-subversive fight. After returning from a fruitless patrol to find guerrilla fighters, return to a Chuspi that was attacked and covered with pro-communist graffiti. Roca responds to the incident by gathering all residents of the town in to the main plaza, raising a large Peruvian flag and forcing citizens to sing the
National Anthem of Peru The "" ("National Anthem of Peru"; also known as "", or "National March of Peru"; "", or "We are free!") is the national anthem of Peru. It was composed by José Bernardo Alcedo, and its lyrics were written by José de la Torre Ugarte in 1821. ...
, "Somo libres" ("We are free"), while troops shove individuals who are not singing. One night, Gallardo strolls to a shop where Julia, a shopkeeper who had previously rejected his advances, is closing for the night and forces his way in to rape her. Luna witnesses what had occurred and when Julia and a relative approach Roca the following day to tell the officer about the incident, Luna remains silent and the allegations are dismissed by Roca. Later that night, Kike and another soldier interrupt a celebration of a marriage proposal in the town, with the two being attacked while attempting to forcibly enter the event and being accused of raping Julia. Kike returns to the barracks accusing the partygoers of collaborating with guerillas in the area, leading to all of the villagers present being detained while others are violently interrogated. While torturing a man, Roca kills him in a rage after he is spit on. In an attempt to cover up the incident, Roca orders his troops to march the villagers to a cliff and execute them, with Luna refusing to shoot. Luna is detained for violating direct orders and the cliff is demolished with explosives, covering the bodies of those massacred. When the troops return to their garrison, the imprisoned Luna mocks the hypocrisy of Roca calling him a coward, with the two playing Russian roulette down to the final chamber. Roca refuses to pull the trigger, demanding Luna to shoot him, though Luna refuses and fires the last round into the wall behind the lieutenant. Luna then last seen leaving the barracks and walking down the road while removing his military uniform.


Cast

*
Gustavo Bueno Gustavo Bueno Martínez (1 September 1924 – 7 August 2016) was a Spanish philosopher, founder of a philosophical doctrine dubbed by himself as "philosophical materialism". Pupil of the national-syndicalist Santiago Montero Díaz, Bueno's id ...
as Lt. Roca * Toño Vega as Vitin Luna * José Tejada as Gallardo * Gilberto Torres as Sgt. Moncada * Bertha Pagaza as Julia * Antero Sanchez as Lt. Basulto * Aristóteles Picho as El Chino


Recognition


See also

*
List of submissions to the 61st Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film This is a list of submissions to the 61st Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film. The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film was created in 1956 by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to honour non-English-speaking films ...
*
List of Peruvian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Peru has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film since 1967, when it became the fourth Western Hemisphere country to enter the Oscar Foreign Film race, after Mexico, Brazil and Argentina. The award is handed out ...


References


External links

* 1988 films 1988 drama films Peruvian drama films 1980s Peruvian films 1980s Spanish-language films Films directed by Francisco José Lombardi {{1980s-drama-film-stub