''The Sickness of Antiochus'' or ''Stratonice and Antiochus'' is an 1840 painting by the French artist

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres ( , ; 29 August 1780 – 14 January 1867) was a French Neoclassicism, Neoclassical Painting, painter. Ingres was profoundly influenced by past artistic traditions and aspired to become the guardian of academic ...

. It is now in the

Musée Condé The Musée Condé – in English, the Condé Museum – is a French museum located inside the Château de Chantilly in Chantilly, Oise, 40 km north of Paris. In 1897, Henri d'Orléans, Duke of Aumale, son of Louis Philippe I, bequeathed the c ...

Chantilly Chantilly may refer to: Places France *Chantilly, Oise, a city located in the Oise department **US Chantilly, a football club *Château de Chantilly, a historic château located in the town of Chantilly United States * Chantilly, Missou ...

History

Delaroche - Assassinat du duc de Guise (Musée Condé)

In 1834

Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The ...

commissioned a painting from Ingres to act as a pendant to

Paul Delaroche Hippolyte-Paul Delaroche (17 July 1797 – 4 November 1856) was a French painter who achieved his greater successes painting historical scenes. He became famous in Europe for his melodramatic depictions that often portrayed subjects from English ...

's 1834 ''

The Assassination of the Duke of Guise ''The Assassination of the Duke of Guise'' ( 1908) (original French title: ''La Mort du duc de Guise''; often referred to as ''L'Assassinat du duc de Guise'') is a French historical film directed by Charles le Bargy and André Calmettes, adapte ...

'' (now also in the

musée Condé The Musée Condé – in English, the Condé Museum – is a French museum located inside the Château de Chantilly in Chantilly, Oise, 40 km north of Paris. In 1897, Henri d'Orléans, Duke of Aumale, son of Louis Philippe I, bequeathed the c ...

). That same year Ingres left for Rome to take up his post as director of the

French Academy French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

. This delayed work on the commission, which began with a c.1838 sketch (now in the

Cleveland Museum of Art The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) is an art museum in Cleveland, Ohio, located in the Wade Park District, in the University Circle neighborhood on the city's east side. Internationally renowned for its substantial holdings of Asian and Egyptian ...

). According to Lady Eglé Charlemont, she served as the model for Stratonice, Ingres' wife as the doctor,

Hippolyte Flandrin Jean-Hippolyte Flandrin (23 March 1809 – 21 March 1864) was a French Neoclassical painter. His most celebrated work, ''Study (Flandrin), Jeune Homme Nu Assis au Bord de la Mer'' ("Young Male Nude Seated beside the Sea"), from 1836, is held in ...

for Antiochus' arms, and Ingres himself for Seleucus. The painting was completed in Rome in 1840, with help from assistants:

Victor Baltard Victor Baltard (9 June 180513 January 1874) was a French architect famed for work in Paris including designing Les Halles market and the Saint-Augustin church. Life Victor was born in Paris, son of architect Louis-Pierre Baltard and attended Lyc ...

, then studying architecture at the Academy, provided drawings for two of Ingres' pupils,

Paul Paul may refer to: *Paul (given name), a given name (includes a list of people with that name) *Paul (surname), a list of people People Christianity *Paul the Apostle (AD c.5–c.64/65), also known as Saul of Tarsus or Saint Paul, early Chris ...

and Raymond Balze, to use in painting part of the architectural setting. The Duke of Orléans was satisfied with the work and paid Ingres 6000 francs and commissioned a portrait from him. The painting was exhibited in the gallery at the

Palais-Royal The Palais-Royal () is a former royal palace located in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, France. The screened entrance court faces the Place du Palais-Royal, opposite the Louvre. Originally called the Palais-Cardinal, it was built for Cardinal ...

and was inherited by the Duke of Orléans' widow Hélène de Mecklembourg-Schwerin on his death in 1842. After the

1848 Revolution The Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Springtime of the Peoples or the Springtime of Nations, were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe starting in 1848. It remains the most widespread revolutionary wave in Europea ...

, the painting was sold in Paris in 1852, when it was acquired by the Demidoff family for 63,000 francs. It was sold again in Paris in 1863, where it was bought for 93,000 francs by

Édouard Bocher Pierre Henri Édouard Bocher (16 February 1811, Paris - 2 May 1900, Paris) was a French politician. Life Édouard Bocher was born on 16 February 1811 in Paris, son of a Paris stockbroker. He was among the twenty founders of the Conférence Mol ...

, acting as intermediary for the Duke of Orléans' brother the

Duke of Aumale Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ranked ...

, then in exile in London. Aumale exhibited it in the Salle de Tribune of his

Château de Chantilly The Château de Chantilly () is a historic French château located in the town of Chantilly, Oise, about 50 kilometres (30 miles) north of Paris. The site comprises two attached buildings: the Petit Château built around 1560 for Anne de Montmor ...

, where it still is.

Description

The scene is one described in

Plutarch Plutarch (; grc-gre, Πλούταρχος, ''Ploútarchos''; ; – after AD 119) was a Greek Middle Platonist philosopher, historian, biographer, essayist, and priest at the Temple of Apollo in Delphi. He is known primarily for his ''P ...

's ''Life of Demetrius'' and also attested in the ''

Bibliotheca historica ''Bibliotheca historica'' ( grc, Βιβλιοθήκη Ἱστορική, ) is a work of universal history by Diodorus Siculus. It consisted of forty books, which were divided into three sections. The first six books are geographical in theme, ...

'' of

Diodorus Siculus Diodorus Siculus, or Diodorus of Sicily ( grc-gre, Διόδωρος ; 1st century BC), was an ancient Greek historian. He is known for writing the monumental universal history ''Bibliotheca historica'', in forty books, fifteen of which su ...

Lucian Lucian of Samosata, '; la, Lucianus Samosatensis ( 125 – after 180) was a Hellenized Syrian satirist, rhetorician and pamphleteer Pamphleteer is a historical term for someone who creates or distributes pamphlets, unbound (and therefore ...

Appian Appian of Alexandria (; grc-gre, Ἀππιανὸς Ἀλεξανδρεύς ''Appianòs Alexandreús''; la, Appianus Alexandrinus; ) was a Greek historian with Roman citizenship who flourished during the reigns of Emperors of Rome Trajan, Hadr ...

and

Valerius Maximus Valerius Maximus () was a 1st-century Latin writer and author of a collection of historical anecdotes: ''Factorum ac dictorum memorabilium libri IX'' ("Nine books of memorable deeds and sayings", also known as ''De factis dictisque memorabilibus'' ...

Antiochus Antiochus is a Greek male first name, which was a dynastic name for rulers of the Seleucid Empire and the Kingdom of Commagene. In Jewish historical memory, connected with the Maccabean Revolt and the holiday of Hanukkah, "Antiochus" refers spec ...

was the son of

Seleucus I Nicator Seleucus I Nicator (; ; grc-gre, Σέλευκος Νικάτωρ , ) was a Macedonian Greek general who was an officer and successor ( ''diadochus'') of Alexander the Great. Seleucus was the founder of the eponymous Seleucid Empire. In the po ...

. He fell in love with his father's new wife

Stratonice of Syria Stratonice or Stratonica of Syria ( grc, Στρατoνίκη, c. 320 BC - 254 BC) was Queen of the Seleucid Empire from 300 BC until 294 BC and from 281 BC until 261 BC. Biography Stratonice of Syria was the daughter of king Demetrius Poliorcetes ...

, but kept this a secret despite falling mortally ill because of it. The doctor

Erasistratus Erasistratus (; grc-gre, Ἐρασίστρατος; c. 304 – c. 250 BC) was a Greek anatomist and royal physician under Seleucus I Nicator of Syria. Along with fellow physician Herophilus, he founded a school of anatomy in Alexandria, where the ...

discovered the cause of Antiochus' sickness, since he became agitated and his heartbeat quickened when Stratonice entered the room. His father is thus shown collapsed at the foot of the bed.Nicole Garnier-Pelle, p. 213

Influences

Ingres' teacher

Jacques-Louis David Jacques-Louis David (; 30 August 1748 – 29 December 1825) was a French painter in the Neoclassicism, Neoclassical style, considered to be the preeminent painter of the era. In the 1780s, his cerebral brand of history painting marked a change in ...

had also painted the subject, in ''

Erasistratus Discovering the Cause of Antiochus' Disease ''Erasistratus Discovering the Cause of Antiochus' Disease'' (french: Érasistrate découvrant la cause de la maladie d’Antiochius dans son amour pour Stratonice) is a 1774 oil painting by French neoclassical artist Jacques-Louis David. The wor ...

'', the painting which won him the

Prix de Rome The Prix de Rome () or Grand Prix de Rome was a French scholarship for arts students, initially for painters and sculptors, that was established in 1663 during the reign of Louis XIV of France. Winners were awarded a bursary that allowed them t ...

in 1774. Ingres had made several drawings after David's painting, the earliest dating to 1807. Another source may have been music and opera, since a lyre is shown in the foreground. The Orchestre du Capitole de Toulouse produced Étienne-Nicolas Méhul's opera ''Stratonice'' several times whilst Ingres was a violinist with them. The painting shows the moment of the heroine's solo from Méhul's opera. ''The Assassination of the Duke of Guise'' was also based on an opera,

Giacomo Meyerbeer Giacomo Meyerbeer (born Jakob Liebmann Beer; 5 September 1791 – 2 May 1864) was a German opera composer, "the most frequently performed opera composer during the nineteenth century, linking Mozart and Wagner". With his 1831 opera ''Robert le di ...

's ''

Les Huguenots () is an opera by Giacomo Meyerbeer and is one of the most popular and spectacular examples of grand opera. In five acts, to a libretto A libretto (Italian for "booklet") is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work suc ...

''. The decor and dress are partly inspired by ancient models, with Stratonice in particular, very closely influenced by Roman sculpture. The bed is inspired by a 4th-century BC

naiskos The naiskos (pl.: naiskoi; el, ναΐσκος, diminutive of ναός "temple") is a small temple in classical order with columns or pillars and pediment. Ancient Greece Often applied as an artificial motif, it is common in ancient art. It al ...

or funerary monument shown on a vase discovered at

Canosa Canosa may refer to: * Canosa (surname), surname * Canosa di Puglia, town and comune in the province of Barletta-Andria-Trani, Apulia, southern Italy * Canosa Sannita Canosa Sannita () is a ''comune'' and town in the province of Chieti, Abruzzo ...

and published in 1816.

Sketches and copies

Ingres produced at least four other versions of this subject:Nicole Garnier-Pelle, p. 212-213 * a large sketch, painted between 1807 and 1825. His pupil Amaury-Duval saw the painting in his master's studio at that date. It disappeared after the sale of Ingres' studio in 1867. It was much larger than the other versions (155 × 190 cm) * an 1834 sketch for the Chantilly version, now in the

(48 × 64 cm) * an 1860 copy of the Chantilly example, on paper mounted on canvas, with several changes, now in the Schauensee collection in

Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...

(35 × 46 cm) * an 1866 copy, produced with help from Raymond Balze, reversing the composition and with several changes, now in the

musée Fabre The Musée Fabre is a museum in the southern French city of Montpellier, capital of the Hérault ''département''. The museum was founded by François-Xavier Fabre, a Montpellier painter, in 1825. Beginning in 2003, the museum underwent a 61.2 m ...

Montpellier Montpellier (, , ; oc, Montpelhièr ) is a city in southern France near the Mediterranean Sea. One of the largest urban centres in the region of Occitania (administrative region), Occitania, Montpellier is the prefecture of the Departments of ...

. (61 × 92 cm). File:Antiochus & Stratonice - Ingres - Cleveland Museum of Art.jpg, Sketch,

File:Antiochus & Stratonice - Ingres - Philadelphia Museum of Art.jpg, Copy, Philadelphia File:Stratonice et Antiochus - Ingres - Musée Fabre.jpg, Copy,

Musée Fabre The Musée Fabre is a museum in the southern French city of Montpellier, capital of the Hérault ''département''. The museum was founded by François-Xavier Fabre, a Montpellier painter, in 1825. Beginning in 2003, the museum underwent a 61.2 m ...

Notes

References

*Condon, Patricia; Cohn, Marjorie B.; Mongan, Agnes (1983). ''In Pursuit of Perfection: The Art of J.-A.-D. Ingres''. Louisville: The J. B. Speed Art Museum. *Nicole Garnier-Pelle, ''Chantilly, musée Condé. Peintures des XIXe et XXe siècles'', Paris, Réunion des musées nationaux, coll. "Inventaire des collections publiques françaises", 1997, 445 p. (), p. 211-215 (notice 148)

External links

Catalogue entry - musée Condé

Analysis
on the education website of the Musée Condé {{DEFAULTSORT:Illness of Antiochus, The 1840 paintings Paintings by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres Paintings in the collection of the Musée Condé Paintings based on works by Plutarch