The Illiterate One
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''The Illiterate One'' (Spanish: ''El analfabeto'') is a 1961 Mexican
comedy Comedy is a genre of fiction that consists of discourses or works intended to be humorous or amusing by inducing laughter, especially in theatre, film, stand-up comedy, television, radio, books, or any other entertainment medium. The term o ...
film, directed by
Miguel M. Delgado Miguel Melitón Delgado Pardavé (17 May 1905 – 2 January 1994) was a Mexican film director and screenwriter best known for directing thirty-three of Cantinflas' films, under contract of Posa Films. He directed 139 films between 1941 and 19 ...
, starring
Cantinflas Mario Fortino Alfonso Moreno Reyes (12 August 1911 – 20 April 1993), known by the stage name Cantinflas (), was a Mexican comedian, actor, and filmmaker. He is considered to have been the most widely-accomplished Mexican comedian and is cel ...
,
Lilia Prado Lilia (Latin plural, meaning "lilies" in English; singular, ''lilium'') are pit traps arranged in a quincunx pattern dug by the Roman armies in front of their defences. Frequently they had sharpened stakes set inside them as an extra obstacle to a ...
, and
Sara García Sara García Hidalgo (8 September 1895 – 21 November 1980) was a Mexican actress who made her biggest mark during the "Golden Age of Mexican cinema". During the 1940s and 1950s, she often played the part of a no-nonsense but lovable grandm ...
. It is the second Cantinflas film presented by
Columbia Pictures Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. is an American film production studio that is a member of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group, a division of Sony Pictures Entertainment, which is one of the Big Five studios and a subsidiary of the mu ...
.


Plot

An inheritance attorney sends a letter to Inocencio Prieto y Calvo telling him that he is the heir to his uncle's fortune of two million pesos, which he has only to claim by producing his baptismal certificate as proof of identity. However, as an
illiterate Literacy in its broadest sense describes "particular ways of thinking about and doing reading and writing" with the purpose of understanding or expressing thoughts or ideas in written form in some specific context of use. In other words, hum ...
, Inocencio has no idea of the contents of the letter, even telling his godmother, whom he lives with that it's perhaps someone who wants to borrow money. While waiting for the local druggist to wait on him so he can have the letter read to him, Inocencio is embarrassed to see that a customer's young daughter is able to read while he, a grown man, cannot. He leaves without telling the druggist his problem, resolved to go to school and to wait to learn the letter's contents until he can read them for himself, so that never again will he have to share private matters with others because of his own ignorance. Inspired by this, he registers at his local kindergarten school amidst the mocks of the children. He stops by the local bank to ask for a job, having quit his previous employment that morning. Leaving the bank, he meets Blanca, an attractive young woman newly arrived in town, and shows her the way to her new place of employment, partly to avoid admitting he cannot read the written address. The daughter of Blanca's employer is entertaining her
fiancé An engagement or betrothal is the period of time between the declaration of acceptance of a marriage proposal and the marriage itself (which is typically but not always commenced with a wedding). During this period, a couple is said to be ''fi ...
, Aníbal, who finds Blanca appealing and begins to make advances on her almost immediately. These advances are spurned each time; the final time, Aníbal warns her she will regret her refusals. Over the course of the film, Inocencio gradually learns to read, courts Blanca, teaches his friends and makes both friends and enemies at the bank. Fermín, a teller, taunts and mistreats Inocencio thinking him inferior. Later Inocencio foils a
robbery Robbery is the crime of taking or attempting to take anything of value by force, threat of force, or by use of fear. According to common law, robbery is defined as taking the property of another, with the intent to permanently deprive the perso ...
; Fermín plays a prank on Inocencio by writing a letter pretending that it requests a reward for the deed but actually is demanding for Inocencio to be punished for letting he robbers in. The prank backfires when Don Rómulo, the bank manager, discovers the ruse and reduces Fermín's wages in half. Don Rómulo gives Inocencio a 1000-peso reward, which the grateful man proceeds to spend on a new dress for his godmother, a traditional regional dress for Blanca to wear in a
beauty contest A beauty pageant is a competition that has traditionally focused on judging and ranking the physical attributes of the contestants. Pageants have now evolved to include inner beauty, with criteria covering judging of personality, intelligence, ...
, and new shoes for himself. While going about his cleaning work in the bank, Inocencio unwittingly drops the lawyer's letter — which he still has yet to read — and Fermín finds it on the floor. On the day of the contest, Aníbal and Fermín, who are revealed to be cousins, conspire to make it appear that Blanca has stolen her employer's jewels and passed them to Inocencio. Though both are arrested, the trial is cut short when Fermín discovers Aníbal has betrayed him and gone alone to claim the inheritance, leading him to reveal the whole plot. Inocencio and his friends rush to Mexico City to thwart the attempt and denounce Aníbal, who is arrested at the lawyer's office after he arrives to claim the funds. After depositing the money in Don Rómulo's bank Inocencio reveals his plans to buy his godmother a washing machine so so can still work washing clothes,, as well as funding public schools for other illiterates to learn to read and finally proposing marriage to Blanca. The film concludes with Inocencio's and Blanca's wedding.


Cast

*
Cantinflas Mario Fortino Alfonso Moreno Reyes (12 August 1911 – 20 April 1993), known by the stage name Cantinflas (), was a Mexican comedian, actor, and filmmaker. He is considered to have been the most widely-accomplished Mexican comedian and is cel ...
as Inocencio Prieto y Calvo *
Lilia Prado Lilia (Latin plural, meaning "lilies" in English; singular, ''lilium'') are pit traps arranged in a quincunx pattern dug by the Roman armies in front of their defences. Frequently they had sharpened stakes set inside them as an extra obstacle to a ...
as Blanca Morales: Inocencio's girlfriend * Ángel Garasa as Don Rómulo González: Wealthy banker of Guanajuato *
Sara García Sara García Hidalgo (8 September 1895 – 21 November 1980) was a Mexican actress who made her biggest mark during the "Golden Age of Mexican cinema". During the 1940s and 1950s, she often played the part of a no-nonsense but lovable grandm ...
as Doña Epifanita: Inocencio's godmother *
Miguel Manzano Miguel Manzano (14 September 1907 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico – 21 January 1992 in Mexico City) was a Mexican actor during the Golden Age of Mexican cinema, winning an Ariel Award in 1985, for best supporting actor for the film ''Las glo ...
as Don Fermín: Bank employee *
Carlos Agostí Carlos Agostí (July 3, 1922 – December 13, 2002) was a Spanish-born Mexican film actor.Daniel Herrera as Delmiro, "El Pocaluz": Inocencio's friend * Fernando Soto as Nicandro, "El Sapo": Inocencio's friend * Alberto Catalá as Nicanor. "El Güero": Inocencio's friend * Guillermo Orea as El Comandante: Head of the Guanajuato police department *
Óscar Ortiz de Pinedo Óscar Ortiz de Pinedo (November 2, 1910 – December 13, 1978) was a Cuban character actor best remembered for his numerous roles as eccentric businessmen. Married to actress Lupita Pallás, he was the father of famous comedian Jorge Ortiz ...
as Jesús López: Public notary *
Carlos Martínez Baena Carlos Martínez Baena (7 May 1889 – 29 May 1971) was a Spanish-Mexican actor. At a young age he moved to Mexico with his family where he became a journalist. He appeared in more than seventy films from 1931 to 1970. Selected filmography Re ...
as El Profesor: Inocencio's teacher *
Judy Ponte Judy is a short form of the name Judith. Judy may refer to: Places * Judy, Kentucky, village in Montgomery County, United States * Judy Woods, woodlands in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom Animals * Judy (dog) (1936–1950) ...
as Ofelia González: Rómulo's daughter * María Teresa Rivas as Señora González: Rómulo's wife


Reception

In his ''Concise Encyclopedia of Mexico'', Michael S. Werner considered the film as the one that marked the start of Cantinflas's creative decline, saying, "If one were forced to pinpoint the exact film that marked the start of Cantinflas's creative decline, one might choose ''El analfabeto''." He further elaborated, "There, his character is incarnated as an illiterate who works as a bank guard and eventually learns to read and write, thanks to Mexican public education. However, Cantinflas is not the schrewd, if ignorant, '' peladito'' of yore; rather, he is a quasi-retarded child-like simpleton who is easily tricked. Gone are the affronts towards the powerful that characterized his former movies: the bank's owner is good while his employees are bad, and the Catholic Church is fundamental to the illiterate's 'salvation'". In ''Cantinflas and the Chaos of Mexican Modernity'', Professor Jeffrey M. Pilcher reached similar conclusions, saying, "A lack of artifice and sophistication had always been part of antinflas'swise fool character, but in ''El analfabeto'', he no longer appeared wise, merely a fool", theorizing that Cantinflas "adopted the innocent simpleton" from his previous film ''
Pepe Pepe is a pet form of the Spanish name José (Josep). It is also a surname. * People Mononyms * Pepe (footballer, born 1935), real name José Macia, Brazilian footballer *Pepe (footballer, born 1983), real name Képler Laveran Lima Ferreira ...
'' "as the new identity for Cantinflas", and that in the film "the capitalist represented a benevolent guardian while the antagonist was a jealous fellow worker trying to sabotage his success." However, Pilcher also stated that "the movie featured Moreno's strongest supporting cast in decades", singling out Ángel Garasa, Carlos Martínez Baena and Sara García.Pilcher, p. 189


DVD details

The film is available on
DVD The DVD (common abbreviation for Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc) is a digital optical disc data storage format. It was invented and developed in 1995 and first released on November 1, 1996, in Japan. The medium can store any kind ...
from
Sony Pictures Entertainment Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. (commonly known as Sony Pictures or SPE, and formerly known as Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc.) is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment studio conglomerate that produces, ac ...
, with Spanish audio and Spanish and English
subtitles Subtitles and captions are lines of dialogue or other text displayed at the bottom of the screen in films, television programs, video games or other visual media. They can be transcriptions of the screenplay, translations of it, or informati ...
. This edition of the film is
letterboxed Letterboxing is the practice of transferring film shot in a widescreen aspect ratio to standard-width video formats while preserving the film's original aspect ratio. The resulting videographic image has mattes (black bars) above and below ...
and in
widescreen Widescreen images are displayed within a set of aspect ratios (relationship of image width to height) used in film, television and computer screens. In film, a widescreen film is any film image with a width-to-height aspect ratio greater than t ...
format.


References


Bibliography

*Rodríguez Terceño, José. ''La imagen de los docentes en el cine''. Asociación Cultural y Científica Iberoamericana (ACCI), 2017. *Amador, María Luisa; Ayala Blanco, Jorge. ''Cartelera cinematográfica, 1960–1969''. UNAM, 1986. *Werner, Michael S. ''Concise Encyclopedia of Mexico''. Taylor & Francis, 2001. *Pilcher, Jeffrey M. ''Cantinflas and the Chaos of Mexican Modernity''. Rowman & Littlefield, 2001.


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Illiterate One, The 1961 films 1961 comedy films Mexican comedy films Films directed by Miguel M. Delgado 1960s Spanish-language films 1960s Mexican films