The Fifty-Three were a group of 53 Iranians arrested for involvement in

communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...

political activities in 1937 and brought to trial in November 1938 in the most sensational of the political trials held during the reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi. Some, such as Dr. Taqi Arani, died in jail - the rest were released in 1941. As a result of the similarity with the prosecution of the

Old Bolsheviks Old Bolshevik (russian: ста́рый большеви́к, ''stary bolshevik''), also called Old Bolshevik Guard or Old Party Guard, was an unofficial designation for a member of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Par ...

in the

Stalinist Stalinism is the means of governing and Marxist-Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953 by Joseph Stalin. It included the creation of a one-party totalitarian police state, rapid industrialization, the theory o ...

show trials in the Soviet Union in 1936–1938, some jested that Rezā Shāh was performing an imitation of Joseph Stalin. The fifty-five were: * 1. Taqi Arani * 2. Abdul-Samad Kambakhsh * 3.

Mohammad Bahrami Mohammad Bahrami ( fa, محمد بهرامی, 1898–1957) was an Iranian communist politician. Bahrami belonged to the group of " fifty-three" and was a senior member of the Tudeh Party of Iran The Tudeh Party of Iran ( fa-at, حزب تود� ...

* 4. Mohammad Shureshyan * 5. Ali Sadeqpour * 6. Mohammad Boqrati * 7. Ziya Alamutti * 8. Mohammad Pazhuh * 9. Mohammad Farjami * 10.

Abbas Azeri Abbas may refer to: People * Abbas (name), list of people with the name, including: ** Abbas ibn Ali, Popularly known as Hazrat-e-Abbas (brother of Imam Hussayn) **Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, uncle of Muhammad ** Mahmoud Abbas (born 1935), Pale ...

* 11. Nasratallah Ezazi * 12.

Anvar Khamei Anvar Khāmahʼī ( fa, انور خامه‌ای; 20 March 1917 – 20 November 2018) was an Iranian sociologist, economist, journalist, and politician, who wrote many books in his specialty fields, including his analytical and critical book ''R ...

* 13. Nosrat-ollah Jahanshahlou * 14.

Emad Alamutti Imad (also transliterated as Emad, Imed and Aimad ar, عماد) is an Arabic masculine given name and surname and means "support" or "pillar". Given name * Imād ad-Dīn Muhammad bin Qasim, Umayyad Caliphate general * Imad Abbas, Palestinian ...

* 15.

Akbar Ashfar Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (25 October 1542 – 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar the Great ( fa, ), and also as Akbar I (), was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Hum ...

* 16.

Taqi Makinezhad Taqi or Taghi ( fa, تقی, translit=Taqī, az, Tağı) is a male Arabic given name and surname. It may refer to: Compound forms given on further disambiguation pages *Mohammad Taqi (disambiguation) *Taqi al-Din (disambiguation) Early imams *Muh ...

* 17.

Mojtaba Sajjadi Mojtaba or Mujtaba ( fa, مجتبی) is an Iranian male given name. It originates from the Arabic language, meaning the ''chosen''. The name has an Islamic background and is considerably popular among the Shiites and Sufis as it is one of the hono ...

* 18. Bozorg Alavi * 19.

Mehdi Rasai Mehdi () is a common Arabic masculine given name, meaning "rightly guided". People having the name Mehdi are in general originating from Iran mostly and sometimes India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iraq, Azerbaijan, France, Morocco, Algeria, ...

* 20.

Iraj Eskandari Iraj Eskandari ( fa, ایرج اسکندری; 1907–1985) was an Iranian communist politician. A Qajar prince, Eskandari received French education.Behrooz, Maziar. Rebels with a Cause: The Failure of the Left in Iran'. London: I.B. Tauris, 2000. ...

* 21.

Morteza Yazdi Morteza Yazdi ( fa, مرتضی یزدی) was an Iranian surgeon and communist politician. Early life and education Yazdi was born into a senior clerical family in 1907 in Yazd. His father was a senior cleric who contributed to the Persian Con ...

* 22.

Reza Radmanesh Reza Radmanesh ( fa, رضا رادمنش; 1905/1906–1983) was an Iranian physicist, communist politician and general secretary of the Tudeh Party of Iran. According to Abbas Milani, he was "one of the most prominent members of the Iranian commun ...

* 23.

Khalil Maleki Khalil Maleki ( fa, خلیل ملکی; 1901–1969) was an Iranian socialist political figure and intellectual affiliated with the National Front. Political career and activities During the early 1940s, Maleki had been one of 53 left-wing intelle ...

* 24. Morteza Sajjadi * 25. Hossein sajjadi * 26. Ali Shandramini * 27. Mohammad Qodreh * 28. Taqi Shahin * 29.

Morteza Razavi Murtaza or Morteza or Mortaza, a Persianate form of the Arabic Murtada or Murtadha ( ar, مرتضى, translit=Murtaḍā, lit=One Pleasing to God, label=none), is a common Muslim name. Pronunciation varies with accent, from native Arabic speakers ...

* 30. Seyfollah Sayyah * 31. Alinqali Hokmi * 32. Ezatollah Etiqechi * 33. Vali Khajavi * 34. Rahim Alamutti * 35. Shayban Zamani * 36. Abdul-Qassem Ashtari * 37. Hossein Tarbiyat * 38. Fazollah Garkani * 39. Yousef Soqfi * 40. Jalal Naini * 41. Rajbali Nasimi * 42. Bahman Shomali * 43. Mehdi Laleh * 44. Ehsan Tabari * 45. Abbas Naraqi * 46. Mehdi Daneshvar * 47. Hassan Habibi * 48. Nuraldin Alamutti * 49. Reza Ibrahimzadeh * 50. Khalel Enqelab * 51. Fereydun Manou * 52. Ana Turkoman * 53. Razi Hakim-Allahi * 54. Mohammad Ebrahim Moghadam * 55. Ahmad Mohammad-pour Nikbin

Footnotes

References

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Fifty-five, The 1937 in Iran 1938 in Iran Communism in Iran Iranian prisoners and detainees Political repression in Iran Political and cultural purges Prisoners and detainees of Iran