''The Confession of Brother Haluin'' is a medieval
mystery novel
Mystery is a fiction genre where the nature of an event, usually a murder or other crime, remains mysterious until the end of the story. Often within a closed circle of suspects, each suspect is usually provided with a credible motive and a re ...
set in the winter of 1142–1143 by
Ellis Peters
Edith Mary Pargeter (28 September 1913 – 14 October 1995), also known by her ''nom de plume'' Ellis Peters, was an English author of works in many categories, especially history and historical fiction, and was also honoured for her transla ...
. It is the fifteenth novel in
the Cadfael Chronicles
''The Cadfael Chronicles'' is a series of historical murder mysteries written by the linguist-scholar Edith Pargeter (1913–1995) under the name "Ellis Peters".
Set in the 12th century during the Anarchy in England, the novels focus on a Bene ...
, and was first published in 1988.
Brother Haluin makes a deathbed confession, then survives. He vows a pilgrimage to atone for his past error, uncovering an unexpected story, and a murdered woman, before he and Cadfael return to the Abbey.
Plot introduction
In
Oxford Castle
Oxford Castle is a large, partly ruined medieval castle on the western side of central Oxford in Oxfordshire, England. Most of the original moated, wooden motte and bailey castle was replaced in stone in the late 12th or early 13th century and ...
,
Empress Maud
Empress Matilda ( 7 February 110210 September 1167), also known as the Empress Maude, was one of the claimants to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy. The daughter of King Henry I of England, she moved to Germany as ...
has been besieged for months by
King Stephen. Sheriff Hugh Beringar learns that the Empress took advantage of the heavy snow and frozen rivers for a miraculous escape. She and several allies crossed the frozen river through Stephen's lines, and walked to
Abingdon, where they got horses to ride to
Wallingford Castle
Wallingford Castle was a major medieval castle situated in Wallingford in the English county of Oxfordshire (historically Berkshire), adjacent to the River Thames. Established in the 11th century as a motte-and-bailey design within an Anglo-Sa ...
. She is safe with her brother
Robert of Gloucester and her major supporter
Brian FitzCount. Oxford Castle surrendered, the men allowed to march home. Robert of Gloucester returned from Normandy with the eldest son of the Empress with her second husband
Geoffrey of Anjou
Geoffrey V (24 August 1113 – 7 September 1151), called the Handsome, the Fair (french: link=no, le Bel) or Plantagenet, was the count of Anjou, Count of Tours, Touraine and Count of Maine, Maine by inheritance from 1129, and also Duke of Nor ...
, a boy of nine years named
Henry Plantagenet. For the moment, the long running battle between these two contenders has begun anew, each with a talent of "conjuring defeat out of victory". King Stephen joined his brother
Henry, Bishop of Winchester
Henry of Blois ( c. 1096 8 August 1171), often known as Henry of Winchester, was Abbot of Glastonbury Abbey from 1126, and Bishop of Winchester from 1129 to his death. He was a younger son of Stephen Henry, Count of Blois by Adela of Normandy, d ...
, and calls his sheriffs to meet him there for the Christmas feast. On his return, Sheriff Hugh Beringar learns of Haluin's accident.
Plot summary
At Shrewsbury Abbey, the heavy snowfall in mid-December 1142 causes severe damage to the slate tile roof of the guest hall. Doing his share of the repair work, Brother Haluin falls down 40 feet. His prospects for survival are small, so he confesses his past with the de Clary family.
Hugh Beringar tells Cadfael that the wife of de Clary lives at Hales, while her son Audemar, sworn to King Stephen, resides in Staffordshire. In early March Haluin asks to make a pilgrimage for penance. His vow burns in him: a pilgrimage on foot to Bertrade's mother and to Bertrade's tomb at Hales, east of Shrewsbury. Haluin goes with Brother Cadfael. On 4 March, they begin. They meet with Adelais, who offers the forgiveness Haluin begs. Bertrade is not buried at Hales. They learn that the family tomb is at Elford in Staffordshire. Their trip to Elford takes nearly a week. They arrive to find Adelais in the church, kneeling before the tomb, as if she is their shadow. Adelais shelters them in her dower house. Haluin spends the cold night on his knees, alongside Cadfael at the de Clary tomb. At sunrise, a curious Roscelin arrives at the church timely to assist Cadfael in bringing Haluin to his feet. Roscelin says he was sent away by his father to serve Audemar, their friend and overlord. Lothair, bringing food, sends the young man away.
Starting home, a sudden snowstorm forces them to seek shelter at the manor of Vivers. Cenred, the lord of the manor, learns that Haluin is an ordained priest. He asks Haluin to officiate at the wedding of his much younger half-sister, Helisende, to a nobleman on the morrow. His own son, who was raised with Helisende, has fallen in love with her, a prohibited relationship. Haluin agrees. Cadfael meets Helisende, who says that she agrees to this marriage freely.
Edgytha's body is found, murdered. Cenred sends word ahead to Elford with this news. Cadfael sees snow beneath her body, not atop it, suggesting she was on her way home from Elford. The household gathers in the hall at Vivers, save one: Helisende. Jean de Perronet suspects the planned marriage is linked to this death. Roscelin Vivers arrives home, angry that his father is marrying off Helisende. Roscelin did not see Edgytha at Elford. Helisende is not there to speak for herself. Audemar arrives, taking charge. With no bride there is no marriage. Cadfael and Haluin leave on a new path bypassing Lichfield. As evening nears, they approach the new Benedictine convent at Farewell planned by Bishop Roger de Clinton. Next morning, Haluin recognises Bertrade and she recognises him. She is Sister Benedicta, sent from Polesworth to help this new place. Cadfael negotiates an hour's meeting between Brother Haluin and Sister Benedicta with Mother Patrice, who informs the family that Helisende is safe with them.
At Vivers manor, they learn that Helisende is not blood kin to Roscelin. Adelais admits to her foul deeds long ago. They realise Edgytha knew as well. Adelais tells them that Bertrade, Helisende and Helisende's father have met at Farewell. The father was a clerk in her household. Cadfael attests to the meeting, telling Haluin's tale in so doing. This stunning news is hard for the Vivers family to accept, a shock to Audemar, a challenge to de Perronet. Helisende is still loved by the Vivers, blood kin or not. Adelais has lands to leave her granddaughter. Roscelin is joyous. Audemar claims Helisende as his niece, and as overlord places his niece with Cenred when she leaves Farewell. He and Roscelin ride back with Adelais. Audemar banishes his mother to Hales. Cadfael returns to Farewell. Haluin is happy, and has no anger for Adelais. The two Benedictine brothers walk home to Shrewsbury in completion of the vow, the truth having changed so much.
Characters
*Brother
Cadfael
Brother Cadfael is the main fictional character in a series of historical murder mysteries written between 1977 and 1994 by the linguist-scholar Edith Pargeter under the name "Ellis Peters". The character of Cadfael himself is a Welsh Benedic ...
: Herbalist Benedictine monk at the Abbey of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in Shrewsbury, who joined the cloister later in life, about age 40. He is about 62 or 63 in this novel.
*Abbot Radulfus: Head of the Abbey for the last four years, modelled on the historical abbot of that era.
*Brother Winfrid: Latest assistant to Cadfael in the herbarium, now progressing to learn the medicines made from the plants grown in the gardens. Introduced in ''
The Hermit of Eyton Forest
The Hermit of Eyton Forest is a medieval mystery novel by Ellis Peters, set in the autumn of 1142. It is the 14th novel in the Cadfael Chronicles and was first published in 1987.
The mystery is set in the Anarchy, the continuing battles betwe ...
''.
*Brother Conradin: Master builder for the Abbey, in his 50s and robustly strong. One of the first child oblate monks, taught by the original monks from Seez in Normandy, he had been part of the group that built the structures in use.
*Brother Rhun: Young monk who aided in the treatment of Haluin after his fall. Introduced in ''
The Pilgrim of Hate''.
*Brother Haluin: Best illuminator of the manuscripts among the monks, who entered the Abbey at age 18, eighteen years ago. From a landed family, well educated. Always takes on the hardest tasks at hand. Soon after Cadfael arrived, Haluin was one of his first assistants in the herbarium. As a learned man, he was ordained a priest in the Abbey, but never performed any of the rites.
*Hugh Beringar: Sheriff of Shropshire, in the name of King Stephen, and close friend of Cadfael. Married to Aline, father of 3 year old Giles, who is godson to Cadfael. Introduced in ''
One Corpse Too Many''. About 27 or 28 in this novel.
*Bertrade de Clary: Young woman in the noble house where Haluin was sent as a teen for four years. She loved Haluin.
*Adelais de Clary: Mother of Bertrade and Audemar, and widow to their Crusading father Bertrand; now living in the family manor at Hales at the far edge of Shropshire. Once a woman of great beauty, now in her late fifties. Her misdeeds years ago drive the story; a controlling noble woman.
*Gerta: Lady's maid to Adelais at the manor at Hales since her daughter married, about 40 years old.
*Audemar de Clary: Lord of the manors of this noble family, who keeps the main household at Elford in Staffordshire; not yet 40. Married with a young son. He keeps a small dower house for his mother, who has her own staff.
*Cenred Vivers: Friend of and vassal to Audemar, residing in a manor nearby in Staffordshire.
*Lady Emma Vivers: Wife of Cenred, mother of Roscelin.
*Edgytha: In service at the Vivers manor; raised both Roscelin and Helisende from babies; about 60 years old. Found murdered in the day or two that Cadfael and Haluin seek rest at the manor.
*Roscelin Vivers: Son of Cenred, about 18 or 19 years old, handsome, energetic, cheerful, and in love with Helisende, a problem. His father sent him to stay at the manor of Audemar for a while.
*Helisende Vivers: Girl of 17 or 18 years of age, much younger half-sister to Cenred, from his father's second marriage late in life. Raised with Roscelin in the Vivers household. About to be married, as the story opens.
*Sister Benedicta: Mother of Helisende; she joined the Benedictines at Polesworth when her husband died, eight years before the story opens. Skilled at the garden.
*Jean de Perronet: Honorable and handsome young lord from Buckingham, suitor to Helisende for two years; Cenred hopes they will marry soon. About 25 years old.
*Sister Ursula: Hospitaler at Farewell Abbey, one of two Benedictine nuns sent from
Polesworth Abbey
Polesworth Abbey was a Benedictine nunnery in Polesworth, North Warwickshire, England.
Abbey
It was founded in the 9th century by St. Modwena and King Egbert. The first abbess was Edgytha (daughter of King Egbert, now St. Editha).
The site of t ...
, to teach and assist the sisters there as the new structures are built.
*Mother Patrice: Abbess of the new house at Farewell, selected by the Bishop Roger de Clinton.
*Lothair and Luc: Father and son in service to Adelais de Clary. Lothair served Bertrand de Clary in the Holy Land, and was likely descended of a Norman who came over with the Conqueror.
Themes and setting
The importance of the truth is a major theme in this novel. The use of power over others for one's own ends and the damage it can do, and of course, the power of confession are at the heart of the plot.
The story begins at the moment when
King Stephen loses his advantage over the competing claimant for the crown he wears when
Empress Maud
Empress Matilda ( 7 February 110210 September 1167), also known as the Empress Maude, was one of the claimants to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy. The daughter of King Henry I of England, she moved to Germany as ...
takes advantage of the cold and snowy weather to escape the siege. It was a dramatic event, amazing given the presence of the King and his army besieging the town for months, hardly any food left for them. The month before it looked a desperate situation for the Empress, then the tables turned in a spate of bad weather. Why the King did not move in on her when he had her trapped is for speculation. Was it his nature not to put a woman in chains? Was he ever optimistic that she would surrender?
As remarked by the characters in the novel, it is as if the years of warring factions, since Empress Maud came from Normandy and Anjou to Arundel and began the confrontation, begin anew when they might have ended with a clear-cut victory.
The move by her half-brother,
Robert of Gloucester, to bring her son to England was in retrospect the wisest move for the Empress's long term power. Young Henry Plantagenet became
King Henry II on the death of King Stephen. Though his mother, King Stephen and he were all descendants of
William the Conqueror
William I; ang, WillelmI (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first House of Normandy, Norman List of English monarchs#House of Norman ...
, the English dynasties are named for the father. Thus Henry was the first Angevin king in England, beginning 331 years of rule by the
House of Plantagenet, though his father
Geoffrey of Anjou
Geoffrey V (24 August 1113 – 7 September 1151), called the Handsome, the Fair (french: link=no, le Bel) or Plantagenet, was the count of Anjou, Count of Tours, Touraine and Count of Maine, Maine by inheritance from 1129, and also Duke of Nor ...
never set foot in England.
That jolting escape in the snowstorm occurred about the same time as Brother Haluin makes the startling deathbed confession of his youthful sins, never before confessed. When he survives his injuries, he makes a pilgrimage seeking forgiveness from the one person he thinks is the only survivor offended by his sin. He learns that part of his confessed acts never happened; his actions never led to anyone's death.
His choice of penance, a pilgrimage to the place where he did what needed atoning, was very much of the times, of the 12th century in Christian England.
The places named in the novel are real, including
Shrewsbury,
Shrewsbury Abbey
The Abbey Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Shrewsbury (commonly known as Shrewsbury Abbey) is an ancient foundation in Shrewsbury, the county town of Shropshire, England.
The Abbey was founded in 1083 as a Benedictine monastery by the No ...
,
Hales
Hales is a small village in Norfolk, England. It covers an area of and had a population of 479 in 192 households as of the 2001 census, which had reduced to 469 at the 2011 census.
History
The villages name means 'Nooks of land'.
The manor ...
,
Lichfield
Lichfield () is a cathedral city and civil parish in Staffordshire, England. Lichfield is situated roughly south-east of the county town of Stafford, south-east of Rugeley, north-east of Walsall, north-west of Tamworth and south-west o ...
,
Elford, the
Priory at Farewell under construction by Bishop
Roger de Clinton
Roger de Clinton (died 1148) was a medieval Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield. He was responsible for organising a new grid street plan for the town of Lichfield in the 12th century which survives to this day.
Life
Clinton was the nephew of Geo ...
(temporary wooden structures being built in stone), and every stop along the way with a place name, including crossing the
River Tame shortly before arriving in the village of Elford. Vivers family and their manor is fictional, set among these real places.
The story is set in the era of
feudalism
Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was the combination of the legal, economic, military, cultural and political customs that flourished in medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of structur ...
and the
manorial system
Manorialism, also known as the manor system or manorial system, was the method of land ownership (or "tenure") in parts of Europe, notably France and later England, during the Middle Ages. Its defining features included a large, sometimes forti ...
. The other significant aspect of life was the ongoing
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The best known of these Crusades are those to the Holy Land in the period between 1095 and 1291 that were ...
to the Holy Land. Bertrand de Clary felt the call to the Crusades once his two children were born, leaving his wife more power than she might otherwise have exerted on her seventeen-year-old daughter. Young men in their teens often travelled to another manor to learn military skills (
squires
In the Middle Ages, a squire was the shield- or armour-bearer of a knight.
Use of the term evolved over time. Initially, a squire served as a knight's apprentice. Later, a village leader or a lord of the manor might come to be known as a " ...
), or in the case of Haluin, clerk duties. Adelais de Clary used her power to ruin her daughter's life, and tried to do the same to the handsome young man who had been living at her manor for four years.
As she admitted to Brother Cadfael in a shocking confession:
“Too comely!” she said. “I was not used to being denied, I did not even know how to sue. And he was too innocent to read me aright. How such children offend without offense! So if I could not have him,” she said starkly, “she should not. No woman ever should, but not she of all women.”[Peters, Ellis ''The Confession of Brother Haluin'' 1988 Chapter 12]
She wanted him for her young lover,
[ he wanted to marry her daughter and her daughter wanted to marry him. The young people were blissfully unaware of the mother's strong desires and equally strong dislike of being refused or denied what she wanted. In the presence of the father, the young lovers might well have had their way and married. Instead, in this system where women in general had little power, she works an astounding amount of evil actions on the two young people in her home, also deceiving another family and her son who is working in place of his father. The full truth is known only to her until the chance event of Haluin surviving a disastrous fall, then seeking her out. He and her daughter made reasonably good lives despite her, but Haluin had internalised great sufferings for 18 years before he could release his memories of intense youthful love, see his daughter full grown (as Cadfael had first seen his son) and open his eyes to the suffering of others.
]
Critical reception
'' Kirkus Reviews'' says
A new adventure for canny, urbane Brother Cadfael, herbalist monk at Shrewsbury's Benedictine Abbey in 1142, that provides more romance than detection. Brother Haluin, the Abbey's gifted illustrator, has suffered a near-fatal accident and, in what seems to be a deathbed confession, tells of his love 20 years ago for Bertrade, daughter of Adelais de Clary of Hales. His plea for marriage denied, Haluin entered the monastery, then learned from Adelais that Bertrade was pregnant. He gave her herbs from Cadfael's store for an abortion and was later told. by Adelais that both Bertrade and the child were dead. Following this confession, however, Haluin does not die. Crippled and on crutches, with Cadfael at his side, he sets out on a pilgrimage to Bertrade's tomb to make a nightlong vigil of atonement. The two make their tortuous way to Hales—with Cadfael witnessing another seemingly doomed love affair; delving into old mysteries; solving a new one for his own satisfaction; righting old wrongs, and changing some lives forever. As always with Peters, an absorbing passage to another world, but this one lacks some of the swift pacing, tension, and excitement of her best work (''The Rose Rent'', etc.). Nevertheless, a must for fans—and refreshment for all.
''Publishers Weekly
''Publishers Weekly'' (''PW'') is an American weekly trade news magazine targeted at publishers, librarians, booksellers, and literary agents. Published continuously since 1872, it has carried the tagline, "The International News Magazine of ...
'' says
It is up to Brother Cadfael to untangle the threads that bind the past to the present to avert another tragedy. Though the plot is somewhat obvious, Peters knows her period well and does not strike one false note in this thoroughly entertaining medieval mystery.
'' Library Journal'' says of the audio book
Eventually, he and Cadfael embark on a penitential journey to Hales, where they find answers to old and new mysteries alike in this wonderful novel of love and redemption. Stephen Thorne is one of the truly great readers; his ability to render perfectly the medieval world of Cadfael's Shrewsbury makes this an essential purchase for libraries. Fans of the series will enjoy this 15th entry of the "Chronicles."-Barbara A. Perkins, Irving P.L., TX Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information.
Also reviewing the 1998 audio book, AudioFile says
Altogether a good bet. Peters is the master of the medieval mystery, and any time spent with Stephen Thorne is time well spent. D.G. (c) AudioFile 2002, Portland, Maine ublished: Aug/Sep 2002/blockquote>
Stephen Knapp makes a concise point about the 12th century world depicted in this novel, a major difference from the present day. The novel takes "''a satisfying journey through mid 12th century England and warm feeling for the comfort and security the people of that time had for an all-knowing and benevolent God.''"
Publication history
This novel has been published in five hardback editions in English, from March 1988 to November 2001 in the US and the UK. The three most recent are large print editions. Seven paperback editions have been issued, the first in 1988, / Canada (English speaking) edition. Mysterious Press, Chivers, Sphere, and General Publishing Company issued the others. The most recent is a large print soft cover edition by Chivers in August 2002.
Five audiobooks were issued, beginning in December 1994 by Chivers / (UK edition). Readers include Sir Derek Jacobi and Patrick Tull. The most recent was on audio cassette in March 2002 by The Audio Partners, read by Stephen Thorne, / (USA edition).[ None of the audiobooks are on CD, unlike earlier books in the Cadfael Chronicles.][
It has been published in French, Italian, German, Dutch and Polish editions, listed at Goodreads.com.
*French:
**''La confession de Frère Haluin'', Published 1992 by Editions 10/18, 283 pages
**''La confession de Frère Haluin (Frère Cadfael, #15)'', Published 2002 by 10/18, Mass Market Paperback
*Italian:
**''La confessione di fratello Haluin'' (Hardcover), Published 1 January 1999 by Longanesi, 181 pages, Elsa Pelitti (Translator)
**''La confessione di fratello Haluin'' (Paperback), Published 2001 by Tea, 181 pages,
*German: ''Bruder Cadfael und das fremde Mädchen rother Cadfael and the strange girl' (Bruder Cadfael, #15), Published 1 January 1993 by Heyne, Deutsche Erstausgabe, Paperback, 188 pages,
*Dutch: ''De laatste eer he Last Honor' (Paperback), Published 1996 by De Boekerij, 176 pages, Pieter Janssens (Translator)
*Polish: ''Spowiedź Brata Haluina'', Published 2007 by Zysk i S-ka, 236 pages
Worldcat shows holdings of editions in Spanish, Korean, and Russian in addition to English:]
*Spanish: La confesión de fray Aluíno, María Antonia Menini (translator), Publisher Barcelona Grijalbo D.L. 1992, ,
*Korean: 할루인수사의고백 : 엘리스피터스장편소설 / Halluin Susa ŭi kobaek : Ellisŭ P'it'ŏsŭ changp'yŏn sosŏl, Publisher 북하우스, Sŏul-si Buk Hausŭ, 2000, ,
*Russian: Исповедь монаха : Ученик еретика 'Confessions of a monk: trainee heresy''/Ispovedʹ monakha : Uchenik eretika, Publisher Амфора, Sankt-Peterburg Amfora, 2006, ,
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Confession of Brother Haluin
1988 British novels
British mystery novels
Novels by Edith Pargeter
Fiction set in the 1140s
Novels set in the 12th century
Novels set in Shropshire
Novels set in Staffordshire
Headline Publishing Group books