''The Christian Science Monitor'' (''CSM''), commonly known as ''The Monitor'', is a
nonprofit
A nonprofit organization (NPO) or non-profit organisation, also known as a non-business entity, not-for-profit organization, or nonprofit institution, is a legal entity organized and operated for a collective, public or social benefit, in co ...
news organization that publishes daily articles in
electronic format as well as a weekly print edition.
It was founded in 1908 as a daily
newspaper
A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background.
Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports a ...
by
Mary Baker Eddy
Mary Baker Eddy (July 16, 1821 – December 3, 1910) was an American religious leader and author who founded The Church of Christ, Scientist, in New England in 1879. She also founded ''The Christian Science Monitor'', a Pulitzer Prize-winning se ...
, the founder of the
Church of Christ, Scientist.
, the print circulation was 75,052.
According to the organization's website, "the Monitor's global approach is reflected in how Mary Baker Eddy described its object as 'To injure no man, but to bless all mankind.' The aim is to embrace the human family, shedding light with the conviction that understanding the world's problems and possibilities moves us towards solutions." ''The Christian Science Monitor'' has won seven
Pulitzer Prizes
The Pulitzer Prize () is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine, online journalism, literature, and musical composition within the United States. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of Joseph Pulitzer, who had made ...
and more than a dozen
Overseas Press Club awards
The Overseas Press Club of America (OPC) was founded in 1939 in New York City by a group of foreign correspondents. The wire service reporter Carol Weld was a founding member, as was the war correspondent Peggy Hull. The club seeks to maintain ...
.
Reporting
Despite its name, the ''Monitor'' is not a religious-themed paper, and does not promote the
doctrine
Doctrine (from la, doctrina, meaning "teaching, instruction") is a codification of beliefs or a body of teachings or instructions, taught principles or positions, as the essence of teachings in a given branch of knowledge or in a belief syste ...
of its patron, the
Church of Christ, Scientist. However, at its founder Eddy's request, a religious article has appeared near the end of every issue of the ''Monitor''.
The paper has been known for avoiding
sensationalism
In journalism and mass media, sensationalism is a type of editorial tactic. Events and topics in news stories are selected and worded to excite the greatest number of readers and viewers. This style of news reporting encourages biased or emotio ...
, producing a "distinctive brand of nonhysterical journalism".
In 1997, the ''
Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
The ''Washington Report on Middle East Affairs'' (also known as ''The Washington Report'' and WRMEA) magazine, published eight times per year, focuses on "news and analysis from and about the Middle East and U.S. policy in that region". '', a publication critical of United States policy in the Middle East, praised the ''Monitor'' for its objective and informative coverage of Islam and the Middle East.
During the 27 years while
Nelson Mandela was in prison in
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...
after having been convicted of sabotage, among other charges, ''The Christian Science Monitor'' was one of the newspapers he was allowed to read.
Five months after his release, Mandela visited Boston and stopped by the ''Monitor'' offices, telling the staff "The ''Monitor'' continues to give me hope and confidence for the world's future," and thanking them for their "unwavering coverage of apartheid."
He called the ''Monitor'' "one of the more important voices covering events in South Africa."
During the era of "
McCarthyism", a term first coined by the ''Monitor'', the paper was one of the earliest and most consistent critics of US Senator
Joseph McCarthy.
In 2006,
Jill Carroll
Jill Carroll (born October 6, 1977) is an American former journalist who worked for news organizations such as ''The Wall Street Journal'', MSNBC, and the ''Christian Science Monitor''. On January 7, 2006 while working for the ''Monitor'', she w ...
, a freelance reporter for the ''Monitor'', was kidnapped in Baghdad, and released safely after 82 days. Although Carroll was initially a freelancer, the paper worked tirelessly for her release, even hiring her as a staff writer shortly after her abduction to ensure that she had financial benefits.
Beginning in August 2006, the ''Monitor'' published an account of Carroll's kidnapping and subsequent release, with first-person reporting from Carroll and others involved.
Circulation
The paper's circulation has ranged widely, from a peak of over 223,000 in 1970, to just under 56,000 shortly before the suspension of the daily print edition in 2009.
, Bloomberg Businessweek, October 28, 2008. Partially in response to declining circulation and the struggle to earn a profit, the church's directors and the manager of the
Christian Science Publishing Society
The Christian Science Publishing Society was established in 1898 by Mary Baker Eddy and is the publishing arm of The First Church of Christ, Scientist in Boston, Massachusetts.
Origin and purpose
The Christian Science Publishing Society and ...
were purportedly forced to plan cutbacks and closures (later denied), which led in 1989 to the mass protest resignations by its chief editor
Kay Fanning
Katherine "Kay" Fanning (October 18, 1927 – October 19, 2000) was an American journalist and newspaper editor and publisher. She was editor and publisher of the ''Anchorage Daily News''. In 1983, she became editor of the ''Christian Science Mon ...
(an
ASNE president and former editor of the ''
Anchorage Daily News
The ''Anchorage Daily News'' is a daily newspaper published by the Binkley Co., and based in Anchorage, Alaska. It is the most widely read newspaper and news website (adn.com) in the state of Alaska.
The newspaper is headquartered in Anchorag ...
''), managing editor David Anable, associate editor David Winder, and several other newsroom staff. Those developments also presaged administrative moves to scale back the print newspaper in favor of expansions into radio, a magazine, shortwave broadcasting, and television. Expenses, however, rapidly outpaced revenues, contradicting predictions by church directors. On the brink of bankruptcy, the board was forced to close the broadcast programs in 1992.
By late 2011, the ''Monitor'' was receiving an average of about 22 million hits per month on its website, slightly below the ''
Los Angeles Times
The ''Los Angeles Times'' (abbreviated as ''LA Times'') is a daily newspaper that started publishing in Los Angeles in 1881. Based in the LA-adjacent suburb of El Segundo since 2018, it is the sixth-largest newspaper by circulation in the Un ...
''.
In 2017, the ''Monitor'' put up a paywall on its content, and in 2018, there were approximately 10,000 subscriptions to the ''Monitor Daily'' email service.
History
Founding
The ''Monitor''
's inception was, in part, a response by its founder
Mary Baker Eddy
Mary Baker Eddy (July 16, 1821 – December 3, 1910) was an American religious leader and author who founded The Church of Christ, Scientist, in New England in 1879. She also founded ''The Christian Science Monitor'', a Pulitzer Prize-winning se ...
to the journalism of her day, which relentlessly covered the sensations and scandals surrounding her new religion with varying accuracy. In addition,
Joseph Pulitzer
Joseph Pulitzer ( ; born Pulitzer József, ; April 10, 1847 – October 29, 1911) was a Hungarian-American politician and newspaper publisher of the '' St. Louis Post-Dispatch'' and the ''New York World''. He became a leading national figure in ...
's ''
New York World
The ''New York World'' was a newspaper published in New York City from 1860 until 1931. The paper played a major role in the history of American newspapers. It was a leading national voice of the Democratic Party. From 1883 to 1911 under pub ...
'' was consistently critical of Eddy, and this, along with a derogatory article in ''
McClure's
''McClure's'' or ''McClure's Magazine'' (1893–1929) was an American illustrated monthly periodical popular at the turn of the 20th century. The magazine is credited with having started the tradition of muckraking journalism ( investigative, wa ...
'', furthered Eddy's decision to found her own media outlet.
Eddy also required the inclusion of "
Christian Science" in the paper's name, over initial opposition by some of her advisors who thought the religious reference might repel a
secular
Secularity, also the secular or secularness (from Latin ''saeculum'', "worldly" or "of a generation"), is the state of being unrelated or neutral in regards to religion. Anything that does not have an explicit reference to religion, either negativ ...
audience.
Eddy also saw a vital need to counteract the fear often spread by media reporting:
Looking over the newspapers of the day, one naturally reflects that it is dangerous to live, so loaded with disease seems the very air. These descriptions carry fears to many minds, to be depicted in some future time upon the body. A periodical of our own will counteract to some extent this public nuisance; for through our paper, at the price at which we shall issue it, we shall be able to reach many homes with healing, purifying thought.
Eddy declared that the ''Monitor''
's mission should be "to injure no man, but to bless all mankind".
Radio and television
MonitoRadio was a radio service produced by the Church of Christ, Scientist between 1984 and 1997. It featured several one-hour news broadcasts a day, as well as top of the hour news bulletins. The service was widely heard on
public radio stations throughout the United States. The Monitor later launched an international broadcast over
shortwave radio, called the World Service of the Christian Science Monitor. Weekdays were news-led, but weekend schedules were exclusively dedicated to religious programming. That service ceased operations on June 28, 1997.
In 1986, the Monitor started producing a current affairs television series, ''The Christian Science Monitor Reports,'' which was distributed via syndication to television stations across the United States. In 1988, the Christian Science Monitor Reports won a
Peabody Award for a series of reports on Islamic fundamentalism. That same year, the program was canceled and the Monitor created a daily television program, ''World Monitor'', anchored by former NBC correspondent John Hart, which was initially shown on the Discovery Channel. In 1991, World Monitor moved to the
Monitor Channel
WBPX-TV (channel 68) is a television station in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, airing programming from the Ion Television network. It is owned by the Ion Media subsidiary of the E. W. Scripps Company, which also owns Woburn-licensed ...
, a 24-hour news and information channel.
The channel launched on May 1, 1991, with programming from its Boston TV station,
WQTV.
The only religious programming on the channel was a five-minute Christian Science program early each morning. In 1992, after eleven months on the air, the service was shut down amid huge financial losses. Programming from the Monitor Channel was also carried nationally via the
WWOR EMI Service
WWOR EMI Service was a New York City-based American cable television channel that operated as a superstation feed of Secaucus, New Jersey-licensed WWOR-TV (channel 9). The service was uplinked to satellite from Syracuse, New York by Eastern Micr ...
(a nationally oriented feed of New Jersey TV station
WWOR-TV
WWOR-TV (channel 9) is a television station licensed to Secaucus, New Jersey, United States, serving the New York City area as the flagship of MyNetworkTV. It is owned and operated by Fox Television Stations alongside Fox flagship WNYW ...
, launched in 1990 due to the
SyndEx laws put into place the year prior).
Modernization
The print edition continued to struggle for readership, and, in 2004, faced a renewed mandate from the church to earn a profit. Subsequently, the ''Monitor'' began relying more on the Internet as an integral part of its business model. The ''Monitor'' was one of the first newspapers to put its text online in 1996, and was also one of the first to launch a
PDF edition in 2001. It was also an early pioneer of
RSS
RSS ( RDF Site Summary or Really Simple Syndication) is a web feed that allows users and applications to access updates to websites in a standardized, computer-readable format. Subscribing to RSS feeds can allow a user to keep track of many di ...
feeds.
In 2005,
Richard Bergenheim Richard Bergenheim, CSB, (1948 – July 20, 2008) was the editor of ''The Christian Science Monitor'' and served The First Church of Christ, Scientist in numerous other capacities including on the church's Board of Directors and as President of The ...
, a
Christian Science practitioner A Christian Science practitioner is an individual who prays for others according to the teachings of Christian Science.Vitello, Paul"Christian Science Church Seeks Truce With Modern Medicine" ''The New York Times'', March 23, 2010. Treatment is non- ...
, was named the new editor. Shortly before his death in 2008, Bergenheim was replaced by a veteran ''
Boston Globe
''The Boston Globe'' is an American daily newspaper founded and based in Boston, Massachusetts. The newspaper has won a total of 27 Pulitzer Prizes, and has a total circulation of close to 300,000 print and digital subscribers. ''The Boston Glob ...
'' editor and former ''Monitor'' reporter
John Yemma
John is a common English name and surname:
* John (given name)
* John (surname)
John may also refer to:
New Testament
Works
* Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John
* First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John
* Second ...
.
In October 2008, citing net losses of $US18.9 million per year versus $US12.5 million in annual revenue, the ''Monitor'' announced that it would cease printing daily and instead print weekly editions starting in April 2009.
The last daily print edition was published on March 27, 2009.
The weekly magazine follows on from the ''Monitor'' London edition, also a weekly, launched in 1960 and the weekly World Edition which replaced the London edition in 1974. Mark Sappenfield became the editor in March 2017.
Notable editors and staff (past and present)
*
Willis J. Abbot
Willis John Abbot (March 16, 1863 – May 19, 1934) was an American journalist, editor, and a prolific historical and biographical author. Much of his works focused on war, army, navy, marine corps, and merchant marines.
Biography
Born in New Ha ...
, editor and author
*
Clay Bennett,
Pulitzer Prize
The Pulitzer Prize () is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine, online journalism, literature, and musical composition within the United States. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of Joseph Pulitzer, who had made h ...
winning cartoonist
*
Richard Bergenheim Richard Bergenheim, CSB, (1948 – July 20, 2008) was the editor of ''The Christian Science Monitor'' and served The First Church of Christ, Scientist in numerous other capacities including on the church's Board of Directors and as President of The ...
, editor
*
Erwin Canham
Erwin Dain Canham (February 13, 1904 – January 3, 1982) was an American journalist and author. He was best known for his work as the longest-serving editor of ''The Christian Science Monitor''. He also was the first, and last, Resident Commissio ...
, longtime editor, author
*
Jill Carroll
Jill Carroll (born October 6, 1977) is an American former journalist who worked for news organizations such as ''The Wall Street Journal'', MSNBC, and the ''Christian Science Monitor''. On January 7, 2006 while working for the ''Monitor'', she w ...
, reporter, kidnapped for 82 days in 2006
*
William Henry Chamberlin
William Henry Chamberlin (February 17, 1897 – September 12, 1969) was an American historian and journalist. He was the author of several books about the Cold War, communism, and foreign policy, including ''The Russian Revolution 1917-1921'' (19 ...
, reporter, author
*
Grover Clark
Grover Clark (December 14, 1891 – July 17, 1938) was an American journalist and editor with expertise in Asian affairs.
Early life
Clark was born in Osaka, Japan, to American missionaries, he was educated at Oberlin College (BA 1914), the Uni ...
, China correspondent
*
John K. Cooley
John Kent Cooley (November 25, 1927 – August 6, 2008) was an American journalist and author who specialized in islamist groups and the Middle East. Based in Athens, he worked as a radio and off-air television correspondent for ''ABC News'' and wa ...
, longtime contributing editor
*
Roscoe Drummond
Roscoe Drummond (1902–1983) was a 20th-century American political journalist, editor, and syndicated Washington columnist, known for his long association with ''The Christian Science Monitor'' and 50-year syndicated column "State of the Nation ...
, longtime reporter and editor
*
Kay Fanning
Katherine "Kay" Fanning (October 18, 1927 – October 19, 2000) was an American journalist and newspaper editor and publisher. She was editor and publisher of the ''Anchorage Daily News''. In 1983, she became editor of the ''Christian Science Mon ...
, editor, first woman to edit an American national newspaper
*
John Gould
John Gould (; 14 September 1804 – 3 February 1881) was an English ornithologist. He published a number of monographs on birds, illustrated by plates produced by his wife, Elizabeth Gould, and several other artists, including Edward Lear, ...
, longtime columnist, author
*
Roland R. Harrison, editor
*
Joseph C. Harsch
Joseph C. Harsch (May 25, 1905 – June 3, 1998) was an American newspaper, radio, and television journalist. He spent more than sixty years writing for the ''Christian Science Monitor'' and at the time of his departure from his stationing i ...
,
CBE
The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations,
and public service outside the civil service. It was established o ...
, longtime reporter
* Sir
Harold Hobson
Sir Harold Hobson CBE, (4 August 1904 – 12 March 1992) was an English drama critic and author.
Early life and education
Hobson was born in Thorpe Hesley near Rotherham then in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. He attended Sheffield Gramm ...
, longtime drama critic
*
John Hughes, Pulitzer Prize winner, editor, author
*
Reuben H. Markham, longtime reporter, author
*
Luix Overbea
Luix Virgil Overbea (died July 10, 2010) was an American journalist who was one of the founding members of the National Association of Black Journalists.
Biography
Luix Overbea was a native of Chicago; and received a bachelor's degree in philo ...
, journalist, founding member of
National Association of Black Journalists
The National Association of Black Journalists (NABJ) is an organization of African-American journalists, students, and media professionals. Founded in 1975 in Washington, D.C., by 44 journalists, the NABJ's stated purpose is to provide quality p ...
*
Scott Peterson
Scott Lee Peterson (born October 24, 1972) is an American convicted murderer. In 2004, he was convicted of the first-degree murder of his wife, Laci, who was pregnant at the time, and the second-degree murder of their unborn son, Conner, in Mod ...
, longtime reporter, author
*
Cora Rigby
Cora Rigby (11 Feb 1865 – 11 Jun 1930) was an American journalist who was the first woman at a major newspaper to head a Washington News bureau and was one of the founders of the Women's National Press Club.
Biography
Cora Rigby was born in Lanc ...
, first woman at a major paper to head a Washington news bureau, co-founder of the
Women's National Press Club
The National Press Club is a professional organization and social community in Washington, D.C. for journalists and communications professionals. It hosts public and private gatherings with invited speakers from public life. The club also offers e ...
.
*
David S. Rohde
David Stephenson Rohde (born August 7, 1967) is an American author and investigative journalist who currently serves as the online news director for ''The New Yorker''. While a reporter for ''The Christian Science Monitor'', he won the Pulitze ...
, Pulitzer Prize winner
*
Richard Strout
Richard Lee Strout (March 14, 1898 – August 19, 1990) was an American journalist and commentator. He was national correspondent for the ''Christian Science Monitor'' from 1923 and he wrote the "TRB from Washington" column for ''The New Republic ...
, Pulitzer Prize winner
*
Nate White
Nathaniel ("Nate") Ridgway White was an award-winning journalist known for his business and financial reporting at ''The Christian Science Monitor''. He received the second and third Gerald Loeb Awards for Newspapers, the most prestigious award ...
,
Gerald Loeb Newspaper Award winner
*
Colin Woodard
Colin Woodard (born December 3, 1968''Woodard, Colin 1968–'' In: ''Contemporary Authors'', Gale, 2008) is an American journalist and writer, known for his books '' American Nations: A History of the Eleven Rival Regional Cultures of North America ...
, correspondent
*
Paul Wohl
Paul Wohl (1901 – April 2, 1985) was a German-born journalist and political commentator.
Background
Paul Wohl was born in 1901 in Berlin.
Career
In 1938, Wohl came to the United States as a correspondent for Czechoslovak newspapers. He ...
, longtime political commentator
Awards
''Monitor'' staff have been the recipients of seven
Pulitzer Prize
The Pulitzer Prize () is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine, online journalism, literature, and musical composition within the United States. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of Joseph Pulitzer, who had made h ...
s for their work on the Monitor:
*
1950,
Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting
This Pulitzer Prize has been awarded since 1942 for a distinguished example of reporting on international affairs, including United Nations correspondence. In its first six years (1942–1947), it was called the Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic R ...
: Edmund Stevens, for his series of 43 articles written over a three-year residence in Moscow entitled, "This Is Russia Uncensored".
*
1967,
Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting
This Pulitzer Prize has been awarded since 1942 for a distinguished example of reporting on international affairs, including United Nations correspondence. In its first six years (1942–1947), it was called the Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic R ...
:
R. John Hughes, For his thorough reporting of Indonesia's attempted
Transition to the New Order
Indonesia's transition to the New Order in the mid-1960s ousted the country's first president, Sukarno, after 22 years in the position. One of the most tumultuous periods in the country's modern history, it was the commencement of Suharto's ...
in 1965 and the purge that followed in 1965–66.
*
1968,
Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting
This Pulitzer Prize has been awarded since 1942 for a distinguished example of reporting on national affairs in the United States. In its first six years (1942–1947), it was called the Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic Reporting – National.
Li ...
: Howard James, for his series of articles, ''Crisis in the Courts''.
*
1969,
Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting
This Pulitzer Prize has been awarded since 1942 for a distinguished example of reporting on national affairs in the United States. In its first six years (1942–1947), it was called the Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic Reporting – National.
Li ...
:
Robert Cahn
Robert Wolfgang Cahn Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (9 September 1924 – 9 April 2007) was a British metallurgy, metallurgist whose contributions to physical metallurgy centred on the properties of dislocations. Cahn developed a successful mo ...
, for his inquiry into the future of the United States'
national parks
A national park is a natural park in use for conservation purposes, created and protected by national governments. Often it is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state declares or owns. Although individua ...
and the methods that may help to preserve them.
*
1978,
Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards
The Pulitzer Prize jury has the option of awarding special citations and awards where they consider necessary.
Prizes for the award vary. The Pulitzer Prize Board has stated that the Special Citations given to George Gershwin, Thelonious Monk, J ...
, Journalism:
Richard Strout
Richard Lee Strout (March 14, 1898 – August 19, 1990) was an American journalist and commentator. He was national correspondent for the ''Christian Science Monitor'' from 1923 and he wrote the "TRB from Washington" column for ''The New Republic ...
, for distinguished commentary from Washington over many years as staff correspondent for The ''
Christian Science Monitor
Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρισ ...
'' and contributor to ''
The New Republic
''The New Republic'' is an American magazine of commentary on politics, contemporary culture, and the arts. Founded in 1914 by several leaders of the progressive movement, it attempted to find a balance between "a liberalism centered in hum ...
''.
*
1996,
Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting
This Pulitzer Prize has been awarded since 1942 for a distinguished example of reporting on international affairs, including United Nations correspondence. In its first six years (1942–1947), it was called the Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic R ...
:
David Rohde
David Stephenson Rohde (born August 7, 1967) is an American author and investigative journalist who currently serves as the online news director for ''The New Yorker''. While a reporter for ''The Christian Science Monitor'', he won the Pulitzer ...
, for his persistent on-site reporting of
the slaughter of thousands of Bosnian Muslims in the
Srebrenica Genocide
The Srebrenica massacre ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Masakr u Srebrenici, Масакр у Сребреници), also known as the Srebrenica genocide ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Genocid u Srebrenici, Геноцид у Сребрен ...
.
*
2002,
Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning
The Pulitzer Prize for Illustrated Reporting and Commentary is one of the fourteen Pulitzer Prizes that is annually awarded for journalism in the United States. It is the successor to the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning awarded from 1922 t ...
:
Clay Bennett
References
Further reading
*
Canham, Erwin D. (1958)
''Commitment to Freedom: The Story of the Christian Science Monitor'' Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.
*
Merrill, John C. and Fisher, Harold A. (1980).
The world's great dailies: profiles of fifty newspapers'. Hastings House. pp. 96–103.
*
Christian Science Publishing Society
The Christian Science Publishing Society was established in 1898 by Mary Baker Eddy and is the publishing arm of The First Church of Christ, Scientist in Boston, Massachusetts.
Origin and purpose
The Christian Science Publishing Society and ...
(1988). ''The First 80 Years: The Christian Science Monitor''. Boston, MA: CSPS.
* Bridge, Susan (1998).
Monitoring the News: The Brilliant Launch and Sudden Collapse of the Monitor Channel'. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe.
* Strout, Lawrence N. (1999). ''Covering McCarthyism: how the 'Christian Science Monitor' handled Joseph R. McCarthy, 1950-1954''. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
* Fuller, Linda K. (2011).
The Christian Science Monitor: An Evolving Experiment in Journalism'. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.
* Collins, Keith S. (2012). ''The Christian Science Monitor: Its History, Mission, and People''. Nebbadoon Press.
External links
*
*
About the ''Monitor''Locations of Reading Rooms selling the Monitor Weekly*
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Christian Science Monitor, The
Christian Science
Christian Science in Massachusetts
International newspapers
National newspapers published in the United States
Newspapers published in Boston
Newspapers established in 1908
1908 establishments in Massachusetts
Christian newspapers
Online newspapers with defunct print editions
Pulitzer Prize-winning newspapers
Weekly newspapers published in the United States