''Thapsia'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of air-breathing
land snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...
s,
terrestrial pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s in the subfamily
Sheldoniinae of the family
Urocyclidae
Urocyclidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, semi-slugs and land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicarionoidea, (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Some spec ...
.
[MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=996919 on 2022-09-24]
Distribution
Species in this genus are found in tropical western Africa, from
Senegal
Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤠(Senegaali); Arabic: السنغال ''As-Sinighal'') officially the Republic of Senegal,; Wolof: ''Réewum Senegaal''; Pulaar : 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤠ðž ...
to
Gabon
Gabon (; ; snq, Ngabu), officially the Gabonese Republic (french: République gabonaise), is a country on the west coast of Central Africa. Located on the equator, it is bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north ...
.
Description
Species attributed to the genus ''Thapsia''
sensu lato have shell diameters ranging from about 15 to 30 mm, with 5½-6½
whorls
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
Whorls in nature
File:Photograph and axial plane floral d ...
. These rather featureless dextral shells are characterized by a low
spire
A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires are ...
and their yellow to brown color. The spiral
sculpture
Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sc ...
of the postembryonic shell is slender. In some larger * The sculpture of the radial ribs is formed crosswise (like the letter X) or beadlike. The foot shows a long
caudal horn.
Species
''Thapsia'' was originally designated in 1860 by German zoologist
Johann Christian Albers as a
subgenus
In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.
In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between t ...
of ''Nanina''
Gray, 1834, non Risso, 1826.
This genus is a heterogeneous assemblage. Because the shell characters of this genus converge with those of the larger specimens of some closely related genera (''
Saphtia'' Winter, 2008,
''
Pseudosaphtia'' Winter, 2008
and ''
Vanmolia'' Winter, 2008
), the delimitation of * To ''Thapsia'' s.l. is difficult. There very few papers that describe the anatomical features of this genus.
Thapsia contains the following species:
* ''
Thapsia abyssinica
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: W ...
''
(Jickeli, 1873)
* ''
Thapsia aranea
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: ...
''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia bartaensis
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: W ...
''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia buchholzi
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: W ...
''
Bourguignat, 1885
* ''
Thapsia buraensis
''Thapsia buraensis'' is a species of air-breathing land snail or semi-slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia buraensis Verdcourt, 1982. Accessed through: Wo ...
''
Verdcourt, 1982
* ''
Thapsia cavernicola
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: W ...
''
d'Ailly, 1910
* ''
Thapsia cinnamomeozonata
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: W ...
''
Pilsbry, 1919
* ''
Thapsia columellaris
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: W ...
'
' (L. Pfeiffer, 1849)
* ''
Thapsia consobrina
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: W ...
''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia consueta
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: W ...
''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia conuloidea''
Preston, 1911
* ''
Thapsia curvatula
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: W ...
''
E. von Martens, 1897
* ''
Thapsia decepta''
E. A. Smith, 1899
* ''
Thapsia densesculpta
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: World ...
''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia depressior
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: Worl ...
''
(E. A. Smith, 1890)
* ''
Thapsia ebimimbangana''
Winter, 2008
* ''
Thapsia elgonensis''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia eminiana
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial animal, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Acce ...
''
(E. A. Smith, 1890)
* ''
Thapsia eremias
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: Wo ...
''
(Melvill & Ponsonby, 1896)
* ''
Thapsia eucosmia
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: Wo ...
''
Pilsbry, 1919
* ''
Thapsia exasperata''
Preston, 1910
* ''
Thapsia gereti''
Preston, 1910
* ''
Thapsia glomus
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: Worl ...
''
(E. von Martens, 1860)
* ''
Thapsia grandis
''Thapsia grandis'' is a species of air-breathing land snail or semi-slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia grandis Verdcourt, 1982. Accessed through: World R ...
''
Verdcourt, 1982
* ''
Thapsia hanningtoni''
(Smith, 1890)
* ''
Thapsia inclinans
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: Worl ...
''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia indecorata
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: World ...
''
(Gould, 1850)
* ''
Thapsia inflata''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia innocens''
Preston, 1910
* ''
Thapsia insimulans''
E. A. Smith, 1899
* ''
Thapsia insulsa
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: W ...
''
Preston, 1910
* ''
Thapsia iridescens''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia kampalaensis''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia karamwegasensis
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: World ...
''
Germain, 1923
* ''
Thapsia kibonotoensis''
d'Ailly, 1910
* ''
Thapsia kigeziensis''
(Preston, 1913)
* ''
Thapsia lasti''
(E. A. Smith, 1890)
* ''
Thapsia leroyi''
Grandidier, 1887
* ''
Thapsia magna''
Thiele, 1933
* ''
Thapsia majendooensis''
(Connolly, 1928)
* ''
Thapsia marsabitensis''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia masakaensis''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia masukuensis''
E. A. Smith, 1899
* ''
Thapsia microleuca
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: Wo ...
''
Verdcourt, 1982
* ''
Thapsia microsculpta
''Thapsia microsculpta'' is a species of air-breathing land snail or semi-slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Urocyclidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia microsculpta Verdcourt, 1982. Accessed through: Wo ...
''
Verdcourt, 1982
* ''
Thapsia millestriata''
(Preston, 1912)
* ''
Thapsia mime''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia mukandaensis''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia mukulensis''
Pilsbry, 1919
* ''
Thapsia multistriata''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia nemorum''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia nyikana''
E. A. Smith, 1899
* ''
Thapsia oleosa
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: Wo ...
''
(L. Pfeiffer, 1850)
* ''
Thapsia oscitans''
Connolly, 1925
* ''
Thapsia pallidior
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: World ...
''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia paucispirata''
Thiele, 1933
* ''
Thapsia pinguis
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: Wo ...
''
(Krauss, 1848)
* ''
Thapsia pompholyx
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: Worl ...
''
Pilsbry, 1919
* ''
Thapsia punctata''
Thiele, 1933
* ''
Thapsia radiata
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: Wo ...
''
d'Ailly, 1910
* ''
Thapsia rosenbergi
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: World ...
''
Preston, 1909
* ''
Thapsia rufescens''
Pilsbry, 1919
* ''
Thapsia rufocincta''
(Connolly, 1941)
* ''
Thapsia rutshuruensis''
Pilsbry, 1919
* †''
Thapsia senutae''
Pickford, 2019
* ''
Thapsia silvaepluviosae''
d'Ailly, 1910
* ''
Thapsia simulata''
E. A. Smith, 1899
* ''
Thapsia snelli''
Connolly, 1925 [https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1056994459 Thapsia snelli]
* ''
Thapsia stanleyvillensis
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial animal, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Acce ...
''
Pilsbry, 1919
* ''
Thapsia submixta''
Germain, 1935
* ''
Thapsia tribulationis
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: Wo ...
''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia tricolor
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial animal, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Acce ...
''
(Connolly, 1925)
* ''
Thapsia troglodytes''
(Morelet, 1848) - the
type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...
, originally described as ''Helix troglodytes''
Morelet, 1848
* ''
Thapsia uluguruensis''
Verdcourt, 1982
* ''
Thapsia unguinosa
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: World ...
''
Pollonera, 1898
* ''
Thapsia urguessensis''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia usambarensis''
Verdcourt, 1982
* ''
Thapsia usitata''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia vernhouti''
(Preston, 1913)
* ''
Thapsia vestii
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: World ...
''
(Jickeli, 1873)
* ''
Thapsia wieringai
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: Worl ...
''
de Winter, 2008
* ''
Thapsia woodhousei
''Thapsia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sheldoniinae of the family Urocyclidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Thapsia E. von Martens, 1860. Accessed through: Wo ...
''
(Preston, 1914)
* ''
Thapsia yalaensis''
Germain, 1923
* ''
Thapsia zambiensis''
Pilsbry, 1919
Synonyms
* ''Thapsia calamechroa''
(Jonas, 1843): synonym of ''
Saphtia calamechroa''
(Jonas, 1843) (superseded combination)
* ''Thapsia calamichroa''
(Jonas, 1843): synonym of ''
Saphtia calamechroa''
(Jonas, 1843) (invalid; incorrect subsequent spelling)
* ''Thapsia chrysosticta''
(Morelet, 1867): synonym of ''
Apothapsia thomensis''
(Dohrn, 1866)
* ''Thapsia euriomphala''
Bourguignat, 1883: synonym of ''Thapsia abyssinica''
(Jickeli, 1873)
* ''Thapsia germaini''
Connolly, 1925: synonym of ''
Apothapsia thomensis''
(Dohrn, 1866)
* ''Thapsia gerstenbrandti''
(Preston, 1914): synonym of ''Thapsia elgonensis''
(Preston, 1914) (junior synonym)
* ''Thapsia mixta''
E. A. Smith, 1899: synonym of ''Thapsia pinguis''
(Krauss, 1848)
* ''Thapsia rumrutiensis''
Preston, 1911: synonym of ''
Afroguppya rumrutiensis
''Afroguppya'' is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Euconulidae
Euconulidae is a taxonomic family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Trochomorphoidea. ...
''
(Preston, 1911) (original combination)
* ''Thapsia sjoestedti''
d'Ailly, 1896: synonym of ''
Vanmolia sjoestedti''
(d'Ailly, 1896) (original combination)
* ''Thapsia thomensis''
(Dohrn, 1866): synonym of ''
Apothapsia thomensis''
(Dohrn, 1866)
References
* Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16th, 2017.
External links
Albers, J. C. & Martens, E. von. (1860). Die Heliceen nach natürlicher Verwandtschaft systematisch geordnet von Joh. Christ. Albers. Ed. 2. Pp. i-xviii, 1-359. Leipzig: EngelmanWinter, A. J. de. (2008). Redefinition of Thapsia Albers, 1860, and description of three more helicarionoid genera from western Africa (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora). Zoologische Mededelingen 82(41): 441–477
{{Commons category
Urocyclidae