Thailand virus (THAIV) is a single-stranded, enveloped, negative-sense RNA
orthohantavirus
''Orthohantavirus'' is a genus of single-stranded, enveloped, negative-sense RNA viruses in the family '' Hantaviridae'' within the order ''Bunyavirales''. Members of this genus may be called orthohantaviruses or simply hantaviruses.
Orthohantav ...
.
Natural reservoir
THAIV was first isolated from rodents in two Thai provinces,
Nakhon Pathom Province and
Nakhon Ratchasima Province, in 1994. The
greater bandicoot rat
The greater bandicoot rat or Indian bandicoot rat (''Bandicota indica'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae found in Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam akist ...
(''Bandicota indica'') was found to be the primary reservoir for THAIV. Serological studies have revealed, but not confirmed, other rodents in Thailand as possible reservoirs, including the
black rat
The black rat (''Rattus rattus''), also known as the roof rat, ship rat, or house rat, is a common long-tailed rodent of the stereotypical rat genus ''Rattus'', in the subfamily Murinae. It likely originated in the Indian subcontinent, but is n ...
(''Rattus rattus''),
Polynesian rat
The Polynesian rat, Pacific rat or little rat (''Rattus exulans''), known to the Māori as ''kiore'', is the third most widespread species of rat in the world behind the brown rat and black rat. The Polynesian rat originated in Southeast Asia, a ...
(''R. exulans''),
brown rat
The brown rat (''Rattus norvegicus''), also known as the common rat, street rat, sewer rat, wharf rat, Hanover rat, Norway rat, Norwegian rat and Parisian rat, is a widespread species of common rat. One of the largest muroids, it is a brown o ...
(''R. norvegicus'') and
lesser rice-field rat (''R. losea'').
Virology
Thailand virus (THAIV) is genetically diverse from other hantaviruses. The L, M, and S nucleotide segments reveal its most recent ancestor in common to be the
Seoul virus
''Seoul orthohantavirus'' (SEOV) is a member of the ''Orthohantavirus'' family of rodent-borne viruses and is one of the 4 hantaviruses that are known to be able to cause Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).US Centers for Dise ...
(SEOV). However, four recently isolated THAIV strains from R.Rattus show genetic diversity between themselves and are distinct from SEOV in that they show
geographical cluster
A geographical cluster is a localized anomaly, usually an excess of something given the distribution or variation of something else. Often it is considered as an incidence rate
In epidemiology, incidence is a measure of the probability of oc ...
ing. This is a distinct feature of all hantaviruses, except for SEOV. The SEOV strains have been primarily isolated from R. norvegicus.
[Nemirov K, Vaheri A, Plyusnin A: Hantaviruses:co-evolution with natural hosts.Recent Res Devel Virol 2004, 6:201–228.]
See also
*
Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a group of clinically similar illnesses caused by species of hantaviruses. It is also known as Korean hemorrhagic fever and epidemic hemorrhagic fever. It is found in Europe, Asia, and Af ...
References
External links
CDC's Hantavirus Technical Information Index pageVirus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Bunyaviridae
{{Taxonbar, from=Q29002563
Hantaviridae
Zoonoses