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''Conus textile'', the textile cone or the cloth of gold cone is a venomous species of
Typical length of adults is about 9 cm to 10 cm (3.5 in to 3.9 in). The maximum shell length for this species is 15 cm (5.9 in). The color pattern of its shell resembles a cellular automaton named Rule 30. The color of the shell is yellowish brown, with undulating longitudinal lines of chocolate, interrupted by triangular white spaces. These last are irregularly disposed, but crowded at the shoulder, base and middle so as to form bands. The spire is similarly marked. The aperture is white.
Cloth-of-Gold (Full Screen, Please)
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. ii, 824 pp
* Bruguière, M. 1792. ''Encyclopédie Méthodique ou par ordre de matières.'' Histoire naturelle des vers. Paris : Panckoucke Vol. 1 i-xviii, 757 pp. * Röding, P.F. 1798. ''Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa.'' Hamburg : Trappii 199 pp. * Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M. 1810. ''Suite des espèces du genre Cône.'' Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 15: 263-286, 422-442 * Perry, G. 1811. ''Arcana, or The museum of natural history : containing the most recent discovered objects: embellished with coloured plates, and corresponding descriptions: with extracts relating to animals, and remarks of celebrated travellers; combining a general survey of nature''. London : James Stratford pl. XLIX-LXXXIV. * Swainson, W. 1840. ''A Treatise on Malacology or the Natural Classification of Shells and Shell-fish.'' London : Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans 419 pp. * Reeve, L.A. 1843. ''Monograph of the genus Conus''. pls 1-39 in Reeve, L.A. (ed.). Conchologica Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 1. * Kiener, L.C. 1845. ''Spécies général et Iconographie des coquilles vivantes, comprenant la collection du Muséum d'histoire Naturelle de Paris, la collection de Lamarck, celle du Prince Massena (appartenant maintenant a M. le Baron B. Delessert) et les découvertes récentes des voyageurs''. Paris : Rousseau et Baillière Vol. 2. * Gould, A.A. 1850. ''Shells collected by the United States Exploring Expedition under the command of Charles Wilkes''. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 3: 169-172 * Sowerby, G.B. 1857-1858. ''Monograph of the genus Conus''. 1-56, pls 1-24 in Thesaurus conchyliorum or monographs of genera of shells. London : Sowerby Vol. 3. * Sowerby, G.B. (3rd) 1882. ''Descriptions of new species of shells in the collection of Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill.'' Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882: 117-121 * Smith, E.A. 1891. ''On a collection of marine shells from Aden, with some remarks upon the relationship of the Molluscan Fauna of the Red Sea and the Mediterranean.'' Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891(3): 390-436 * Melvill, J.C. 1900. ''A revision of textile cones with description of C. cholmondeleyi n. sp.'' Journal of Conchology 9: 303-311 * Smith, E.A. 1903. ''Marine Mollusca.'' pp. 589–630, pls 35-36 in Gardiner, J.S. (ed). The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes. Being the account of work carried on and of the collections made by an expedition during the years 1899 and 1900. Cambridge : University Press Vol * Dautzenberg, P. 1932. ''Mollusques testacés marins de Madagascar.'' Journal de Conchyliologie 76(1): 5-119, pl. * Dautzenberg, P. 1937. ''Gastéropodes marins. 3-Famille Conidae'; Résultats Scientifiques du Voyage aux Indes Orientales Néerlandaises de LL. AA. RR. Le Prince et la Princesse Lé Belgique''. Mémoires du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 2(18): 284 pp, 3 pls * Fenaux 1943. ''Complément a l'étude de la faune malcologique de Paumotou.'' Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 835: 3 * Demond, J. 1957. ''Micronesian reef associated gastropods''. Pacific Science 11(3): 275-341, fig. 2, pl. 1 * Gillett, K. & McNeill, F. 1959. ''The Great Barrier Reef and Adjacent Isles: a comprehensive survey for visitor, naturalist and photographer''. Sydney : Coral Press 209 pp. * Wilson, B.R. & Gillett, K. 1971. ''Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters.'' Sydney : Reed Books 168 pp. * Hinton, A. 1972. ''Shells of New Guinea and the Central Indo-Pacific''. Milton : Jacaranda Press xviii 94 pp. * Salvat, B. & Rives, C. 1975. ''Coquillages de Polynésie.'' Tahiti : Papéete Les editions du pacifique, pp. 1–391. * Cernohorsky, W.O. 1978. ''Tropical Pacific Marine Shells''. Sydney : Pacific Publications 352 pp., 68 pls. * Kay, E.A. 1979. ''Hawaiian Marine Shells. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 4 : Mollusca.'' Honolulu, Hawaii : Bishop Museum Press Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication Vol. 64(4) 653 pp. * Motta, A.J. da 1983. ''Two new species of the genus Conus (Gastropoda: Conidae).'' Publicaçoes Ocasionais da Sociedade Portuguesa de Malacologia 2: 1-9 * Lauer, J. 1987. ''Tent marked cones; 4e partie.'' Rossiniana 36: 11-22 * Drivas, J. & M. Jay (1988). ''Coquillages de La Réunion et de l'île Maurice'' * Rossum, H.M. van 1990. ''A new cone from the coasts of Kenya (Indian Ocean) (Gastropoda: Conidae)''. La Conchiglia 22(250-252): 29-31 * Wilson, B. 1994. ''Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods.'' Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp. * Röckel, D., Korn, W. & Kohn, A.J. 1995. ''Manual of the Living Conidae. Volume 1: Indo-Pacific Region.'' Wiesbaden : Hemmen 517 pp. * Filmer R.M. (2001). ''A Catalogue of Nomenclature and Taxonomy in the Living Conidae 1758 - 1998''. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 388pp. * Branch, G.M. et al. (2002).'' Two Oceans''. 5th impression. David Philip, Cate Town & Johannesburg * Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). ''All Mollusca except Opisthobranchia''. In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp * Tucker J.K. (2009). ''Recent cone species database''. September 4, 2009 Edition * Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009) ''Systematic classification of Recent and fossil conoidean gastropods''. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 296 pp * * Lorenz, F., 2012. ''A new subspecies of Conidae from Mauritius (Gastropoda).'' Schriften zur Malakozoologie 27: 21-24
Holotype of ''Conus textile vaulberti'' in MNHN, Paris
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q1507512 textile Gastropods described in 1758 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
''Conus textile'', the textile cone or the cloth of gold cone is a venomous species of sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...
, a marine
Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean.
Marine or marines may refer to:
Ocean
* Maritime (disambiguation)
* Marine art
* Marine biology
* Marine debris
* Marine habitats
* Marine life
* Marine pollution
Military
* ...
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk in the family Conidae
Conidae, with the current common name of "cone snails", is a taxonomic family (previously subfamily) of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Conoidea.
The 2014 classification of the superfamily Conoidea, groups onl ...
, the cone snails, cone shells or cones. Textile cone snails live mostly in the Indian Ocean, along the eastern coast of Africa and around Australia.
Like all species within the genus ''Conus'', these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all. Based on a report in 2004, about 30 human deaths have been attributed to cone snails. In 2021, a teen nearly died after picking up a live textile cone.
List of synonyms
* ''Conus (Cylinder) textile'' Linnaeus, 1758 · accepted, alternate representation * ''Conus archiepiscopus'' Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 * ''Conus cholmondeleyi'' Melvill, 1900 * ''Conus communis'' Swainson, 1840 * ''Cylinder concatenatus'' Kiener, 1845 * ''Conus corbula'' G. B. Sowerby II, 1858 * ''Conus dilectus'' Gould, 1850 * ''Conus euetrios'' G. B. Sowerby III, 1882 * ''Conus eumitus'' Tomlin, 1926 * ''Conus panniculus'' Lamarck, 1810 * ''Conus reteaureum'' Perry, 1811 * ''Conus sirventi'' Fenaux, 1943 * ''Conus suzannae'' van Rossum, 1990 * ''Conus textile archiepiscopus'' Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 * ''Conus textile dahlakensis'' da Motta, 1982 * ''Conus textile'' var. ''euetrios'' G. B. Sowerby III * ''Conus textile'' var. ''loman'' Dautzenberg, 1937 * ''Conus textile'' var. ''ponderosa'' Dautzenberg, 1932 (invalid: junior homonym of ''Conus quercinus'' var. ''ponderosa'' G.B. Sowerby, 1858) * ''Conus textilinus'' ''Kiener, 1847'' (synonym of ''Conus textile archiepiscopus'') * ''Conus tigrinus'' G. B. Sowerby II, 1858 * ''Conus undulatus'' ightfoot 1786 * ''Conus verriculum'' Reeve, 1843 * ''Cucullus auratus'' Röding, 1798 * ''Cucullus auriger'' Röding, 1798 * ''Cucullus gloriamaris'' Röding, 1798 * ''Cylinder gloriamaris'' Perry, 1810 * ''Cylindrus panniculus'' Lamarck, 1810 * ''Cylindrus scriptus'' G. B. Sowerby II, 1858 * ''Cylindrus textile'' var. ''ponderosa'' Dautzenberg, 1932 * ''Cylindrus tigrinus'' G. B. Sowerby II, 1858 * ''Cylindrus verriculum'' Reeve, 1843 * ''Cylindrus aurelius'' Röding, 1798 * ''Cylindrus auriger'' Röding, 1798 * ''Cylindrus gloriamaris'' Röding, 1798 * ''Cylindrus textilis osullivani'' Iredale, 1931 * ''Cylindrus textilis'' * ''Cylinder textile'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Darioconus textilis'' * ''Darioconus textilis osullivani'' Iredale, 1931Subspecies
* ''Conus textile neovicarius'' da Motta, 1982 * ''Conus textile vaulberti'' Lorenz, 2012 (Mauritius) * ''Conus textile archiepiscopus'' Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 : synonym of ''Conus textile'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Conus textile dahlakensis'' da Motta, 1982 : synonym of ''Conus textile'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Conus textile'' var. ''abbreviata'' Dautzenberg, 1937: synonym of '' Conus ammiralis'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Conus textile'' var. ''euetrios'' G. B. Sowerby III : synonym of ''Conus textile'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Conus textile'' var. ''loman'' Dautzenberg, 1937 : synonym of ''Conus textile'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Conus textile'' var. ''ponderosa'' Dautzenberg, 1932 : synonym of ''Conus textile'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Conus textile'' var. ''sulcata'' G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 : synonym of ''Conus retifer
''Conus retifer'', common name the netted cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Conidae, the Conus, cone snails and their allies.
Like all species within the genus ''Conus'', these snails ar ...
'' Menke, 1829
Shell description
Typical length of adults is about 9 cm to 10 cm (3.5 in to 3.9 in). The maximum shell length for this species is 15 cm (5.9 in). The color pattern of its shell resembles a cellular automaton named Rule 30. The color of the shell is yellowish brown, with undulating longitudinal lines of chocolate, interrupted by triangular white spaces. These last are irregularly disposed, but crowded at the shoulder, base and middle so as to form bands. The spire is similarly marked. The aperture is white.
Distribution
''C. textile'' lives in the waters of the Red Sea, the tropicalIndo-Pacific
The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth.
In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the ...
, off Australia ( New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland and Western Australia), New Zealand, the Indian Ocean from eastern Africa to Hawaii, and French Polynesia
)Territorial motto: ( en, "Great Tahiti of the Golden Haze")
, anthem =
, song_type = Regional anthem
, song = " Ia Ora 'O Tahiti Nui"
, image_map = French Polynesia on the globe (French Polynesia centered).svg
, map_alt = Location of Frenc ...
.
Ecology
Life cycle
The female lays several hundred eggs at a time, which hatch after about 16 or 17 days. After hatching, the larvae float around in the current for approximately 16 days. Afterward, they settle at the bottom of the ocean. By this point their length is about 1.5 mm (0.06 in).Feeding habits
''C. textile'' is acarnivorous
A carnivore , or meat-eater (Latin, ''caro'', genitive ''carnis'', meaning meat or "flesh" and ''vorare'' meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose food and energy requirements derive from animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other sof ...
species, and uses a radula
The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food ...
(a biological microscopic needle) to inject a conotoxin to kill its prey. ''C. textile'' eats snails. The proboscis, the tip of which holds the harpoon-like radular tooth, is capable of being extended to any part of its own shell. The living animal is a risk to any person handling it who has not taken proper care to protect exposed skin. Several human deaths have been attributed to this species.References
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. ii, 824 pp
* Bruguière, M. 1792. ''Encyclopédie Méthodique ou par ordre de matières.'' Histoire naturelle des vers. Paris : Panckoucke Vol. 1 i-xviii, 757 pp. * Röding, P.F. 1798. ''Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa.'' Hamburg : Trappii 199 pp. * Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M. 1810. ''Suite des espèces du genre Cône.'' Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 15: 263-286, 422-442 * Perry, G. 1811. ''Arcana, or The museum of natural history : containing the most recent discovered objects: embellished with coloured plates, and corresponding descriptions: with extracts relating to animals, and remarks of celebrated travellers; combining a general survey of nature''. London : James Stratford pl. XLIX-LXXXIV. * Swainson, W. 1840. ''A Treatise on Malacology or the Natural Classification of Shells and Shell-fish.'' London : Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans 419 pp. * Reeve, L.A. 1843. ''Monograph of the genus Conus''. pls 1-39 in Reeve, L.A. (ed.). Conchologica Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 1. * Kiener, L.C. 1845. ''Spécies général et Iconographie des coquilles vivantes, comprenant la collection du Muséum d'histoire Naturelle de Paris, la collection de Lamarck, celle du Prince Massena (appartenant maintenant a M. le Baron B. Delessert) et les découvertes récentes des voyageurs''. Paris : Rousseau et Baillière Vol. 2. * Gould, A.A. 1850. ''Shells collected by the United States Exploring Expedition under the command of Charles Wilkes''. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 3: 169-172 * Sowerby, G.B. 1857-1858. ''Monograph of the genus Conus''. 1-56, pls 1-24 in Thesaurus conchyliorum or monographs of genera of shells. London : Sowerby Vol. 3. * Sowerby, G.B. (3rd) 1882. ''Descriptions of new species of shells in the collection of Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill.'' Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882: 117-121 * Smith, E.A. 1891. ''On a collection of marine shells from Aden, with some remarks upon the relationship of the Molluscan Fauna of the Red Sea and the Mediterranean.'' Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891(3): 390-436 * Melvill, J.C. 1900. ''A revision of textile cones with description of C. cholmondeleyi n. sp.'' Journal of Conchology 9: 303-311 * Smith, E.A. 1903. ''Marine Mollusca.'' pp. 589–630, pls 35-36 in Gardiner, J.S. (ed). The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes. Being the account of work carried on and of the collections made by an expedition during the years 1899 and 1900. Cambridge : University Press Vol * Dautzenberg, P. 1932. ''Mollusques testacés marins de Madagascar.'' Journal de Conchyliologie 76(1): 5-119, pl. * Dautzenberg, P. 1937. ''Gastéropodes marins. 3-Famille Conidae'; Résultats Scientifiques du Voyage aux Indes Orientales Néerlandaises de LL. AA. RR. Le Prince et la Princesse Lé Belgique''. Mémoires du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 2(18): 284 pp, 3 pls * Fenaux 1943. ''Complément a l'étude de la faune malcologique de Paumotou.'' Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 835: 3 * Demond, J. 1957. ''Micronesian reef associated gastropods''. Pacific Science 11(3): 275-341, fig. 2, pl. 1 * Gillett, K. & McNeill, F. 1959. ''The Great Barrier Reef and Adjacent Isles: a comprehensive survey for visitor, naturalist and photographer''. Sydney : Coral Press 209 pp. * Wilson, B.R. & Gillett, K. 1971. ''Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters.'' Sydney : Reed Books 168 pp. * Hinton, A. 1972. ''Shells of New Guinea and the Central Indo-Pacific''. Milton : Jacaranda Press xviii 94 pp. * Salvat, B. & Rives, C. 1975. ''Coquillages de Polynésie.'' Tahiti : Papéete Les editions du pacifique, pp. 1–391. * Cernohorsky, W.O. 1978. ''Tropical Pacific Marine Shells''. Sydney : Pacific Publications 352 pp., 68 pls. * Kay, E.A. 1979. ''Hawaiian Marine Shells. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 4 : Mollusca.'' Honolulu, Hawaii : Bishop Museum Press Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication Vol. 64(4) 653 pp. * Motta, A.J. da 1983. ''Two new species of the genus Conus (Gastropoda: Conidae).'' Publicaçoes Ocasionais da Sociedade Portuguesa de Malacologia 2: 1-9 * Lauer, J. 1987. ''Tent marked cones; 4e partie.'' Rossiniana 36: 11-22 * Drivas, J. & M. Jay (1988). ''Coquillages de La Réunion et de l'île Maurice'' * Rossum, H.M. van 1990. ''A new cone from the coasts of Kenya (Indian Ocean) (Gastropoda: Conidae)''. La Conchiglia 22(250-252): 29-31 * Wilson, B. 1994. ''Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods.'' Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp. * Röckel, D., Korn, W. & Kohn, A.J. 1995. ''Manual of the Living Conidae. Volume 1: Indo-Pacific Region.'' Wiesbaden : Hemmen 517 pp. * Filmer R.M. (2001). ''A Catalogue of Nomenclature and Taxonomy in the Living Conidae 1758 - 1998''. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 388pp. * Branch, G.M. et al. (2002).'' Two Oceans''. 5th impression. David Philip, Cate Town & Johannesburg * Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). ''All Mollusca except Opisthobranchia''. In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp * Tucker J.K. (2009). ''Recent cone species database''. September 4, 2009 Edition * Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009) ''Systematic classification of Recent and fossil conoidean gastropods''. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 296 pp * * Lorenz, F., 2012. ''A new subspecies of Conidae from Mauritius (Gastropoda).'' Schriften zur Malakozoologie 27: 21-24
External links
* *Holotype of ''Conus textile vaulberti'' in MNHN, Paris
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q1507512 textile Gastropods described in 1758 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus