Terenzio, Count Mamiani della Rovere (19 September 179921 May 1885) was an Italian writer, academic, diplomat and politician, and was committed to the cause of the unification of Italy under the Sardinian monarchy. He was one of the leading figures of

Liberal Catholicism Liberal Catholicism was a current of thought within the Catholic Church. It was influential in the 19th century and the first half of the 20th, especially in France. It is largely identified with French political theorists such as Felicité ...

Origins

He was born in

Pesaro Pesaro () is a city and ''comune'' in the Italian region of Marche, capital of the Province of Pesaro e Urbino, on the Adriatic Sea. According to the 2011 census, its population was 95,011, making it the second most populous city in the Marche, ...

in 1799 during the Napoleonic upheaval in territory that had since 1631 belonged to the Papal States, but had earlier in its history been dominated for a time by the clan Della Rovere. He himself became the last to hold the title Count of Sant'Angelo in Lizzola.

Political Involvement

He took part in the unrest at

Bologna Bologna (, , ; egl, label= Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different nat ...

(also part of the Papal States) in reaction to the election of

Pope Gregory XVI Pope Gregory XVI ( la, Gregorius XVI; it, Gregorio XVI; born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari; 18 September 1765 – 1 June 1846) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 February 1831 to his death in 1 June 1846. He h ...

in February 1831, and was elected deputy for Pesaro to the assembly, and subsequently appointed minister of the interior; but on the collapse of the revolutionary movement he was exiled. He did not return to Italy with the amnesty that was offered upon the accession of

Pope Pius IX Pope Pius IX ( it, Pio IX, ''Pio Nono''; born Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878, the longest verified papal reign. He was notable for convoking the First Vatican ...

in 1846, because he refused to sign the declaration of loyalty that was required as a condition of the amnesty. Pressure by the revolutionaries of 1848 forced the Pope to allow the Count to return to Rome to form a ministry on May 4, 1848, but he resigned later that year due to conflicts with the Pope. He subsequently retired to

Genoa Genoa ( ; it, Genova ; lij, Zêna ). is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the List of cities in Italy, sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits. As of the 2011 Italian ce ...

where he worked for

Italian unification The unification of Italy ( it, Unità d'Italia ), also known as the ''Risorgimento'' (, ; ), was the 19th-century political and social movement that resulted in the consolidation of different states of the Italian Peninsula into a single ...

, was elected deputy in 1856, and in 1860 became minister of education of the

Kingdom of Sardinia The Kingdom of Sardinia,The name of the state was originally Latin: , or when the kingdom was still considered to include Corsica. In Italian it is , in French , in Sardinian , and in Piedmontese . also referred to as the Kingdom of Savoy-S ...

under Cavour. In 1863 he was made minister (ambassador) of the recently declared

Kingdom of Italy The Kingdom of Italy ( it, Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to ...

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with ...

, and in 1865 to

Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...

, and later senator and councillor of state. He retires from diplomatic career in 1867. pp. 450

Academic Works

Meanwhile, he had founded at Genoa in 1849 the Academy of Philosophy, and in 1855 had been appointed professor of the history of

philosophy Philosophy (from , ) is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some ...

Turin Turin ( , Piedmontese language, Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital ...

; and he published several volumes, not only on philosophical and social subjects, but of poetry, among them ''Rinnovamento della filosofia antica italiana'' (1836), ''Teoria della Religione e dello slato'' (1869), ''Kant e l'ontologia'' (1879), ''Religione deli avenire'' (1880), ''Di un nuovo diritto europeo'' (1843, 1857). He died at

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

on 21 May 1885.

Legacy

On 15 August 1896, in connection with the solemn commemoration of Mamiani decreed by the city of

, the "11 September 1860"

Masonic Lodge A Masonic lodge, often termed a private lodge or constituent lodge, is the basic organisational unit of Freemasonry. It is also commonly used as a term for a building in which such a unit meets. Every new lodge must be warranted or chartered ...

made public his membership of

freemasonry Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities ...

and on 20 August that year had affixed to his monument a bronze crown with the wording "To Brother Terenzio Mamiani, the Freemasonry of Italy".V. Gnocchini, ''L'Italia dei Liberi Muratori'', Mimesis-Erasmo, Milano-Roma, 2005, pp.175-176. Another Monument to Terenzio Mamiani is located alongside the

Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, Rome Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, commonly known as Corso Vittorio, is a wide east–west thoroughfare that courses through Rome. It connects a bridge over the Tiber, Ponte Vittorio Emanuele II, to both the Via Torre Argentina and Via del Plebiscito. T ...

and via Acciaioli in central Rome.

Honors

Grand cordon of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mamiani, Terenzio 1799 births 1885 deaths People of the Papal States People from the Kingdom of Sardinia Italian revolutionaries Italian poets Italian Freemasons Italian male poets Italian philosophers People from Pesaro 19th-century poets 19th-century Italian male writers 19th-century diplomats Ambassadors of Italy to Greece Ambassadors of Italy to Switzerland Italian diplomats Recipients of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Kingdom of Italy) Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Kingdom of Sardinia) Deputies of Legislature V of the Kingdom of Sardinia Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy