was a after ''

Enpō (contemporarily written as 延寳) is the after '' Kanbun'' and before ''Tenna was a after ''Enpō'' and before '' Jōkyō.'' This period spanned the years from September 1681 through February 1684. The reigning emperor was . Change of er ...

'' and before ''

Jōkyō was a after '' Tenna'' and before ''Genroku.'' This period spanned the years from February 1684 through September 1688. The reigning emperors were and .Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du japon'' p. 415./ref> Change of era * ...

.'' This period spanned the years from September 1681 through February 1684. The reigning emperor was .

Change of era

* '': The new era name of ''Tenna'' (meaning "Heavenly Imperial Peace") was created to mark the 58th year of a cycle of the

Chinese zodiac The Chinese zodiac is a traditional classification scheme based on the lunar calendar that assigns an animal and its reputed attributes to each year in a repeating twelve-year cycle. Originating from China, the zodiac and its variations remain ...

. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Enpō'' 9, on the 29th day of the 9th month.

Events of the ''Tenna'' era

* 1681 (''Tenna 1''): In Edo, the investiture of

Tokugawa Tsunayoshi was the fifth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan. He was the younger brother of Tokugawa Ietsuna, as well as the son of Tokugawa Iemitsu, the grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu.Nussbaum, Louis-Fr ...

as the fifth ''

shōgun , officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamak ...

'' of the Edo bakufu. * February 5, 1681 (''Tenna 1, 28th day of the 12th month''): The Great ''Tenna'' Fire in Edo.Titsingh
p. 415.
/ref> * 1681 (''Tenna 2''): A famine afflicts Heian-kyō and the nearby areas. * March 3, 1683 (''Tenna 3, 5th day of the 2nd month''):

Yaoya Oshichi , literally "greengrocer Oshichi", was a daughter of the greengrocer Tarobei, who lived in the Hongō neighborhood of Edo at the beginning of the Edo period. She was burned at the stake for attempting to commit arson. The story (see below) becam ...

was burned at the stake for arson. * 1683 (''Tenna 3''): Tokugawa shogunate grants permission for

Mitsui is one of the largest ''keiretsu'' in Japan and one of the largest corporate groups in the world. The major companies of the group include Mitsui & Co. ( general trading company), Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, Nippon Paper Industries ...

money exchanges (''ryōgaeten'') to be established in Edo. * 1683 (''Tenna 4''): The assassination of

Hotta Masatoshi was a ''daimyō'' (feudal lord) in Shimōsa Province, and top government advisor and official in the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He served as '' rōjū'' (chief advisor) to ''shōgun'' Tokugawa Ietsuna from 1679–80, and as ''Tairō'' (head of ...

signals the end of government characterized by financial sobriety and stringency, and the beginning of a swing towards extravagance and the expansive spending policies of Tsunayoshi's chamberlains.Bodart-Bailey, Beatrice. (2006). ''The Dog Shogun: The Personality and Policies of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi'', p. 183.

Notes

References

* Bodart-Bailey, Beatrice. (2006). ''The Dog Shogun: The Personality and Policies of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi''. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ;
OCLC 470123491
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia''. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
OCLC 48943301
* Screech, Timon. (2006). ''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822''. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
OCLC 65177072
* Shinjō, Hiroshi. (1962). ''History of the Yen: 100 Years of Japanese Money-economy''. Kobe: Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kōbe University
OCLC 877519
* Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). '' Nihon Ōdai Ichiran''; ou
''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.
Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
OCLC 5850691

External links

* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar
– historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tenna Japanese eras 1680s in Japan