, conventional_long_name = Bekhanid Principality of Tümen , common_name = Tümen , era = Middle Ages , status = Principality , status_text =

Grand Duchy of Moscow The Grand Duchy of Moscow, Muscovite Russia, Muscovite Rus' or Grand Principality of Moscow (russian: Великое княжество Московское, Velikoye knyazhestvo Moskovskoye; also known in English simply as Muscovy from the Lati ...

protectorate since 1684 , empire = Golden Horde , government_type = Monarchy , year_start = 1388 , year_end = 1684 , image_flag = Golden Horde flag 1339.svg , flag_type = Flag during the reign of

Öz Beg Khan Öz is a Turkish surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Doğan Öz (1934–1978), Turkish prosecutor assassinated during his investigation of the Turkish deep state. * Emanuel Öz (born 1979), Swedish politician * Mehmet Öz Meh ...

as shown in Dulcert’s 1339 map (other sources claim that the Golden Horde was named for the yellow banner of the khan). , event_start = First mention of the principality , event_end = protectorate of Grand Duchy of Moscow , p1 = Mukhsha Ulus , flag_p1 = Golden Horde flag 1339.svg , image_coat = , s1 = Grand Duchy of Moscow , flag_s1 = Banner of Dmitry Donskoy.svg , s2 = Russian Empire , image_map = Південно-Східна Європа 1684.JPG , image_map_caption =

Mordvin Tatars Mordvin Tatars (russian: Мордовские татары, it, Tartari di Mordua) was a term used to refer to medieval nobility of Volga Tatar, Volga Finnic, and Burtas descent serving Grand Duchy of Moscow. History The term was used interchange ...

subject to Muscovy in 1684 , capital = Tümen( tt-Latn, Tümen kalası) , common_languages =

Turki Chagatai (چغتای, ''Čaġatāy''), also known as ''Turki'', Eastern Turkic, or Chagatai Turkic (''Čaġatāy türkīsi''), is an extinct Turkic literary language that was once widely spoken across Central Asia and remained the shared literar ...

(official),

Mazhar The ''mazhar'' ( ar, مزهر; plural ''mazāhar'', مزاهر) is a large, heavy tambourine used in Arabic music. The mazhar's frame is generally made out of wood. Its single head is considerably thicker than that of the ''riq'', its smaller c ...

Moksha ''Moksha'' (; sa, मोक्ष, '), also called ''vimoksha'', ''vimukti'' and ''mukti'', is a term in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism for various forms of emancipation, enlightenment, liberation, and release. In its soteriology, ...

, religion =

Paganism Paganism (from classical Latin ''pāgānus'' "rural", "rustic", later "civilian") is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christianity, early Christians for people in the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism, or ethnic religions ot ...

, currency = Dang, Pul, Soum,

Dirham The dirham, dirhem or dirhm ( ar, درهم) is a silver unit of currency historically and currently used by several Arab and Arab influenced states. The term has also been used as a related unit of mass. Unit of mass The dirham was a un ...

, leader1 = *Kegyes Ténes , year_leader1 = 1388 , title_leader = Prince (*Gyula) , today = Russian Federation , footnotes = The Temnikov Principality or Tümen Principality ( tt-Cyrl, Төмән ханлыгы, translit=Tümen xanlığı, mdf, Μουρουνζα, Murunza it, Tartari di Mordua, Mordvin Tatars), also known as Murunza (russian: Темниковская Мещёра, Temnikov Meschera) or the Bekhanid Principality of Tümen was a

and

principality in Eastern Mishar Yurt ( Temnikovsky and Kadomsky Uyezds). The state was closely allied with the

Etymology

tt-Cyrl, Төмән ханлыгы, translit=Tümen xanlığı and cu, темник means tümen commander and refers to the city founder Prince Tenish Kugushev or his immediate ancestors. Other scholars M. Safargaliev, P. Chermensky consider Temnikov second one in importance

ulus Ulus may refer to: Places *Ulus, Bartın, a district in Bartin Province, Turkey *Ulus, Ankara, an important quarter in central Ankara, Turkey **Ulus (Ankara Metro), an underground station of the Ankara Metro Other uses * ''Ulus'' (newspaper), a d ...

centre after

Mukhsha Mukhshi ( tt-Latn, Muxşa, , , , mdf, νορονσαστ, Noronshasht, IPA noronʲʃɑʃtʲ}, Turki: ﻥﺭﻥﺝﺍﻁ, Nurinjat IPA urinˈdʒɑt) was the capital city of Murunza and capital of Golden Horde in 14th century during the reig ...

since the etymology of the placename itself points at

Golden Horde The Golden Horde, self-designated as Ulug Ulus, 'Great State' in Turkic, was originally a Mongols, Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the fr ...

tümen commander's headquarters.

History

The principality was established by Prince Bekhan in

1388 Year 1388 ( MCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * February – The entire court of Richard II of England are convicted of treason b ...

. Principality later expanded and comprised territories between

Oka Oka or OKA may refer to: Cars * Oka (automobile), a small car designed by AvtoVAZ and produced by ZMA and SeAZ * OKA 4wd, a large 4-wheel-drive vehicle made in Western Australia by OKA Military * 2B1 Oka, Soviet 420 mm self-propelled mor ...

- Tsena-

Sura A ''surah'' (; ar, سورة, sūrah, , ), is the equivalent of "chapter" in the Qur'an. There are 114 ''surahs'' in the Quran, each divided into '' ayats'' (verses). The chapters or ''surahs'' are of unequal length; the shortest surah ('' Al-K ...

interfluve in ( Northern, Western and Eastern Mokshaland). Temnikov,

Kadom Kadom ( mdf, Кадом, Kadom, russian: Ка́дом) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Kadomsky District of Ryazan Oblast, Russia, located on the Moksha River from Ryazan Ryazan ( rus, Ряз ...

, Sacony and Andreev townlet had been destroyed during the period of

Muscovy Muscovy is an alternative name for the Grand Duchy of Moscow (1263–1547) and the Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721). It may also refer to: *Muscovy Company, an English trading company chartered in 1555 * Muscovy duck (''Cairina moschata'') and Domes ...

and

Ryazan Principality The Grand Duchy of Ryazan (1078–1521) was a duchy with the capital in Old Ryazan (destroyed by the Mongol Empire in 1237), and then in Pereyaslavl Ryazansky, which later became the modern-day city of Ryazan. It originally split off from the Ch ...

raids in first decades of 15th century and later rebuilt in new cites. It was confirmed by archeological findings in

1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Ja ...

Genetics

Members at

FamilyTreeDNA FamilyTreeDNA is a division of Gene by Gene, a commercial genetic testing company based in Houston, Texas. FamilyTreeDNA offers analysis of autosomal DNA, Y-DNA, and mitochondrial DNA to individuals for genealogical purpose. With a database of ...

tracing royal descent to Prince Bekhan of the Temnikov Principality, are grouped as (07

Tatar The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different

Princes - Bekhanids) in the Russian Nobility DNA project. All members belong to

Y-haplogroup In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non- recombining portions of DNA from the male-specific Y chromosome (called Y-DNA). Many people within a haplogroup share similar numbers of ...

J2b-L283 > Y12000.

Tümen Princes

* Kugushevs - Mishar dynasty * Rasts -

dynasty (sometimes mistakenly referred to as "Siberian" since Tümen and

Tyumen Tyumen ( ; rus, Тюмень, p=tʲʉˈmʲenʲ, a=Ru-Tyumen.ogg) is the administrative center and largest city of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is situated just east of the Ural Mountains, along the Tura River. Fueled by the Russian oil and gas indu ...

were mixed Djagfar Tarikhy mentioned Rasts as ''Seber Princes'', which means "of

or Hungarian descent" Mentioned in Russian sources as Mordvin Princes

Administration

The Principality was divided into belyaks.

Population

The land was inhabited mainly by

Mokshas The Mokshas (also ''Mokshans'', ''Moksha people'', in ) comprise a Mordvinian ethnic group belonging to the Volgaic branch of the Finno-Ugric peoples. They live in the Russian Federation, mostly near the Volga River and the Moksha River, a tri ...

Mishars The Mishar Tatars (endonyms: мишәрләр, мишәр татарлары, mişärlär, mişär tatarları) form a subgroup of the Volga Tatars, indigenous to Mordovia, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, and Chuvashia in the Russian Federation. They ...

and

Erzyas Erzyas or Erzya people ( myv, Эрзят, ''Erźat'') are one of the Mordvin peoples. Famous people of Erzya descent * Purgaz * Stepan Erzia, Russian sculptor * Nadezhda Kadysheva, Russian singer * Vasily Chapayev, Bolshevik commander * Valeri ...

. Some Burtases resettled to Northern Mokshaland, and would be mentioned in later Russian documents as ''Posop Tatars'' since they served as prince's army bread suppliers and paid ''bread tax''. pp. 43–48.

References

Sources

* * * * * * *

External links

* * * {{refend Golden Horde Mongol rump states Tatar states Volga Finns Moksha people Lists of princes Former principalities Historical Turkic states States and territories established in 1388 States and territories disestablished in 1526