The Telugu Cholas or Telugu Chodas ruled parts of present-day
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh (, abbr. AP) is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India. It is the seventh-largest state by area covering an area of and tenth-most populous state with 49,386,799 inhabitants. It is bordered by Telangana to the ...
between the sixth and the thirteenth century.
Velanati Chodas
Telugu Chodas of Velanadu (Velanati Chola) were one of the Telugu Choda families. Velanadu is located in the modern
Guntur
Guntur () is a city and the administrative headquarters of Guntur district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Guntur is spread across 168.49 km square and is the third-largest city in the state. It is situated to the west of the Ba ...
district. The chieftains who ruled over Velanadu came to be known as the Velanati Chodas. One of them, Rajendra Choda II had even assumed the title Durjayakulaprakara since Velanati Cholas belong to Durjaya clans. These Velanati chiefs were the subordinate allies of the Later Cholas of the south. They were entrusted with the responsibility of the governance of the Andhra region, which formed a part of the Chola kingdom in the between the tenth and early decades of the thirteenth century. Their capital was Dhanadapura (Dhannada) or Sanaduprolu, the modern Chandolu in the Guntur district initially then later they ruled from Vengi in West Godavari and Pithpuram in East Godavari Districts. Dhannada is also the site of the war between the
Cholas and the
Later Chalukyas when the Western Chalukya king Satyashraya invaded the Eastern Chalukyas, which was swiftly repulsed by the forces of
Rajendra Chola I
Rajendra Chola I (; Middle Tamil: Rājēntira Cōḻaṉ; Classical Sanskrit: Rājēndradēva Cōla; Old Malay: ''Raja Suran''; c. 971 CE – 1044 CE), often referred to as Rajendra the Great, and also known as Gangaikonda Chola (Middle Tamil ...
who helped the Eastern Chalukyas and the Velanadu Cholas with whom the Cholas had marital ties.
The Velanati Chiefs rose to prominence among the vassals of the Chalukyas of Vengi during the early days of
Kulothunga Chola I
Kulottunga I (;1025 CE - 1122 CE) also spelt Kulothunga (), was a Chola Emperor who reigned from 1070 CE to 1122 CE succeeding his cousin Athirajendra Chola. He also served as the Eastern Chalukya king from 1061 CE to 1118 CE, succeeding his ...
and served as the Later viceroys faithfully as their trusted lieutenants and generals. Finding his dominion dwindling, due to the ascendancy of the Kalyani Chalukyas in the Vengi country, Kulothunga Chola lent support to his loyal chieftains of Velanadu to bring the situation under control and rule over Vengi as his vassals. Evidence is available to the effect that five chieftains of Velanadu ruled over the country after which it was overrun by the Kakatiyas and became a part of their kingdom.
Velanati Chodas:
*
Gonka I
Gonka I was a Telugu king and the first of Velanati Chodas who ruled from 1076 to 1108.
Gonka I ruled as a vassal to Kulottunga I of Later Cholas of Gangaikonda Cholapuram, and his son Mammadi Varma, viceroy of Vengi. He fought as general in the ...
(1076–1108 )
*
Rajendra Choda I
Rajendra Choda I was a Telugu king and the second of Velanati Chodas who ruled from 1108 to 1132 AD.
Rajendra Choda I succeeded his father Gonka I as the chieftain and continued his allegiance to the Chola dynasty. He was defeated by Anantapa ...
(1108–1132 )
*
Gonka II
Gonka II was a Telugu king and the third of Velanati Chodas who ruled from 1132 to 1161.
Gonka II succeeded his father Rajendra Choda I. He was regarded as greatest among of all Chodas and also fought as general in earlier battles during his fa ...
(1132–1161 )
*
Rajendra Choda II
Rajendra Chola II was a Telugu king and the fourth of Velanati Chodas who ruled from 1161 to 1181 AD.
He succeeded his father Gonka II and his reign was full of rebellions from Nellore Chodas, Pottapi Chodas and Pakanadu Chodas. He lost to Rudr ...
(1161–1181 )
*
Gonka III
Gonka III was a Telugu king and the fifth of Velanati Chodas who ruled from 1181 to 1186.
He succeeded his father Rajendra Choda II and he lost to Rudradeva II of Kakatiya
The Kakatiya dynasty (IAST: Kākatīya) was an Indian dynasty that ...
(1181–1186 )
*
Pruthviswara (1186–1207 )
Renati Cholas
The Telugu Cholas of Renadu (also called as Renati Cholas) ruled over Renadu region, the present day
Cuddapah
Kadapa (colonial spelled Cuddapah) is a city in the southern part of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located in the Rayalaseema region, and is the district headquarters of YSR Kadapa district. As of the 2022 Census of India, the city had a popula ...
district. They were originally independent, later forced to the suzerainty of the
Eastern Chalukyas. They used the Telugu language in their inscriptions of the sixth and eighth centuries. Such inscriptions have found near
Muddanur
Muddanur is a town in Kadapa district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Muddanur mandal of Jammalamadugu revenue division. Muddanur has its own train station connecting major cities.
Education
The primary and secondary sc ...
, and at
Gandikota
Gandikota is a village and historical fort on the right bank of the Penna river, 15 km from Jammalamadugu in Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The fort was the centre of power for various dynasties, such as the Kalyani Chalukyas, Pe ...
,
Jammalamadugu
Jammalamadugu is a Town in Municipality and Revenue Division in YSR Kadapa district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is in Jammalamadugu mandal of Jammalamadugu revenue division. It has many old historical sites and one of the top tou ...
and
Proddatur
Proddatur (1915) is a city in the YSR Kadapa District of Andhra Pradesh, located on the banks of the Penna River. The city is a municipality, and also the mandal headquarters of Proddatur mandal. It is the second-largest town in former Kadap ...
. The earliest of this family was Nandivarman (500 AD) who claimed descent from the family of
Karikala
Karikala ( ta, கரிகால சோழன்) was a Tamil Chola Emperor who ruled southern India. He is credited with the construction of the flood banks of the river Kaveri. He is recognised as the greatest of the Early Cholas.
Source ...
and the Kasyapa gotra. He had three sons Simhavishnu, Sundarananda and Dhananjaya, all of whom were ruling different territories simultaneously. The family seems to have had its origin in Erigal in the Tunmkur district, situated in the border between Pallava and Kadamba regions. Dhananjaya is described as Erigal-mutturaju and as ruling Renadu. In the first half of the seventh century, we find Punyakumara, a descendant of Nandivarman, ruling over Renadu and Hiranyarashtra. He too bears the title Erikal-mutturaju.
Pottapi Cholas
Telugu Chodas of Pottapi ruled the Cuddapah region after the fall of the Renati Cholas. Their inscriptions from 11th century are found in this area. It is also believed that they ruled over
Chittoor
Chittoor is a city and district headquarters in Chittoor district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is also the mandal and divisional headquarters of Chittoor mandal and Chittoor revenue division, respectively. The city has a popu ...
district, since
Dhurjati
Dhurjati (or ధూర్ఝటి) (c. 15th and 16th centuries, CE) was a Telugu poet in the court of the king Krishnadevaraya and was one of the '' astadiggajalu'' (Translated "Eight Mighty Elephants ") there.
Biography
He was born to Singam ...
of
Kalahasti
Srikalahasti is a holy town in Tirupati district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipality and the revenue division of Srikalahasti mandal & Srikalahasti revenue division. It is a part of Tirupati Urban Development Authority, ...
mentioned that he was from Pottapi region. Now Pottapi is a GramPanchayat of Nandalur mandal of Kadapa district. During the reign of
Vikrama Chola
Vikrama Chola, known as Kō Parakēsari Varman, was a 12th-century ruler (''r. c''. 1118–1135 CE''The Cōḷas.'' 62-63.) of the Chola Empire in southern India. He succeeded his father Kulothunga I (''r. c.'' 1070–1120 CE) to the throne.''The ...
, there was a feudatory called Madhurantaka Pottapi Chola who was the son of Siddharasa. The officer claimed descent from
Karikala
Karikala ( ta, கரிகால சோழன்) was a Tamil Chola Emperor who ruled southern India. He is credited with the construction of the flood banks of the river Kaveri. He is recognised as the greatest of the Early Cholas.
Source ...
in epigraphs (carana saroruha etc.).
Konidena Cholas
The Konidena Cholas were also a branch of the Renadu Cholas. Their capital was
Konidena
Konidena is a small village in Ballikurava mandal and Prakasam district of the state of Andhra Pradesh, India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by ...
(also called as Kotyadona) near
Narasaraopeta
Narasaraopet is a city and district headquarters of Palnadu District of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The town is a municipality and mandal headquarters of Narasaraopet mandal and Headquarters of Narasaraopet revenue division. The town also ...
in the Guntur district. They ruled over parts of
Palanadu
Palnadu is a region located in Palnadu district and covering a portion of Prakasam district in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is spread over the revenue divisions of Gurazala in Palnadu district and Markapur in Prakasam district.
History
The ...
in 11th and 12th centuries. Early kings Kannara Choda and Kama Choda were independent. Tribhuvana Malla Choda, son of Kama Choda, was a chieftain to Gonka II of
Velanati Chodas
Velanati Cholas were one of the Chola families who ruled over parts of the Andhra Pradesh in the 12th century. They were Vassals of Later Cholas and Western Chalukyas and ruled over the region of Kammanadu in modern Guntur district.
During i ...
. Nanni Choda, son of Tribhuvana Malla Choda declared independence again, but was soon defeated and forced to be vassals again by Gonka II. After the fall of Velanadu Cholas, they were forced to suzerainty by
Ganapatideva of
Kakatiyas.
Nannuru Chodas
Nannuru Cholas were another branch of Telugu Cholas in the region of
Pakanadu
Pakanadu is a region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is spread over the districts of Kadapa, Nellore and southern Prakasam. The coastal areas lying between Nellore and Krishna
Krishna (; sa, कृष्ण ) is a major ...
. The famous
Telugu
Telugu may refer to:
* Telugu language, a major Dravidian language of India
*Telugu people, an ethno-linguistic group of India
* Telugu script, used to write the Telugu language
** Telugu (Unicode block), a block of Telugu characters in Unicode
S ...
poet ''Kaviraja Sikhamani''
Nanne Choda belonged to this family. Not much is known of this clan and it is believed to have been a subordinate of
Vikramaditya VI
Vikramaditya VI (r. 1076 – 1126 CE) became the Western Chalukya King after deposing his elder brother Someshvara II, a political move he made by gaining the support of Chalukya vassals during the Chola invasion of Chalukya territory.Sen ...
of
Kalyani Chalukyas
The Western Chalukya Empire ruled most of the western Deccan, South India, between the 10th and 12th centuries. This Kannadiga dynasty is sometimes called the ''Kalyani Chalukya'' after its regal capital at Kalyani, today's Basavakalyan in the ...
.
Nellore Chodas
Nellore Chodas
Nellore Chodas (also known as Nellore Cholas) were one of the Telugu Chola families who ruled over parts of Andhra Pradesh in the 11th and 12th centuries. They were chieftains to Kakatiyas and Kalyani Chalukyas and ruled over the Nellore region ...
are Telugu Cholas who ruled from the city of Nellore in Andhra Pradesh.
Kunduru Chodas
Kunduru/Kanduru Chodas.
References
Sources
* {{cite book, last1=Sastri, first1=K.A. Nilakanta, author-link1=K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, title=A history of south India : from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar, date=1975, publisher=Oxford Univ. Press, location=Oxford, isbn=9780195606867, edition=4
* Durga Prasad, History of the Andhras up to 1565 A. D., P. G. PUBLISHERS, GUNTUR (1988)
* K.R.Subramanian, Buddhist Remains in Andhra and The History of Andhra
* Etukuri Balarama murthi, Andhrula Samkshiptha Charithra
* Paula Richman, Questioning Ramayana: A South Asian Tradition
Dynasties of India
Empires and kingdoms of India
Lists of Indian monarchs
Chola dynasty
History of Andhra Pradesh