Telecommunications in Niger include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.

Radio and television

Radio broadcasting, Radio stations: * state-run TV station; 3 private TV stations provide a mix of local and foreign programming (2007);"Communications: Niger"
''World Factbook'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 28 January 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2014. * 5 AM, 6 FM, and 4 shortwave stations (2001). Receiver (radio), Radios: * 680,000 (1997); * 500,000 (1992). Television broadcasting, Television stations: state-run TV station; 3 private TV stations provide a mix of local and foreign programming (2007). Television sets: * 125,000 (1997); * 37,000 (1992). Because literacy levels in the country are low, radio is a key source for news and information. Radio France Internationale (RFI) is available in the capital, Niamey, and in the Maradi Region, Maradi and Zinder Region, Zinder regions. The BBC World Service broadcasts in the capital (100.4 FM).

Press freedom and control

The state controls much of the nation's broadcasting, though private radio stations have proliferated. The media regulatory body, the National Observatory on Communication, and the Independent Nigerien Media Observatory for Ethics, a voluntary media watchdog organization, help to maintain the media environment in Niger. The government maintains a 200 million CFA (~US$400,000) press support fund, established by law and available to all media, to encourage support for education, information, entertainment, and promoting democracy."Niger profile: Media"
''BBC News'', 24 January 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2014. Press freedom "improved considerably" after Mamadou Tandja was ousted as president in 2010. Media offences were decriminalised shortly afterwards. With the passage of the 2010 law protecting journalists from prosecution related to their work and Mahamadou Issoufou, President Issoufou's November 2011 endorsement of the Declaration of Table Mountain statement on press freedom in Africa (the first head of state to sign the statement), the country continues its efforts to improve press freedom. The Declaration of Table Mountain calls for the repeal of criminal defamation and "insult" laws and for moving freedom of the press, press freedom higher on the African agenda.

Telephones

Calling code: +227 List of international call prefixes, International call prefix: 00 Main lines: * 100,500 lines in use, 145th in the world (2012); * 24,000 lines in use, 186th in the world (2005)."Communications: Niger"
''World Factbook'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 10 February 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2009. Mobile cellular: * 5.4 million lines, 107th in the world (2012); * 900,000 lines, 139th in the world (2007). Telephone system: inadequate; small system of wire, radio telephone communications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern area of Niger; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 planned; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity remains only about 30 per 100 persons despite a rapidly increasing cellular subscribership base (2010); United Nations estimates placed telephone subscribers at 0.2 per hundred in 2000, rising to 2.5 per hundred in 2006.Niger country profile
World Statistics Pocketbook, United Nations Statistics Division, 2007. Communications satellite, Satellite earth stations: 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2010). List of international submarine communications cables, Communications cables: ACE (cable system), Africa Coast to Europe (ACE) via land links between Niger and the Atlantic coast.

Internet

Top-level domain: .ne, controlled by the parastatal telecom company, Niger Telecoms. List of countries by number of Internet users, Internet users: * 230,084 users, 150th in the world; 1.4% of the population, 205th in the world (2012).Calculated using penetration rate and population data fro
"Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2012"
, Population data, International Programs, U.S. Census Bureau, retrieved 26 June 2013"Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000–2012"
International Telecommunication Union (Geneva), June 2013, retrieved 22 June 2013 * 115,900 users, 155th in the world (2009); * 40,000 users, 173rd in the world (2006). List of countries by number of broadband Internet subscriptions, Fixed broadband: 3,596 subscriptions, 166th in the world; less than 0.05% of the population, 185th in the world (2012)."Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"
Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved on 29 June 2013. List of countries by number of broadband Internet subscriptions, Wireless broadband: Unknown (2012)."Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"
Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved on 29 June 2013. List of countries by number of Internet hosts, Internet hosts: * 454 hosts, 185th in the world (2012); * 216 hosts, 176th in the world (2008). List of countries by IPv4 address allocation, IPv4: 20,480 addresses allocated, less than 0.05% of the world total, 1.2 addresses per 1000 people (2012). The United Nations estimated that there were only 0.3 Internet users per 100 Nigeriens in 2006, up from less than 0.1 per 100 in 2000. As a point of reference, the Millennium Development Goal for least developed countries by 2015 is 8.2 Internet users per 100 population."Indicator 8.16, Internet users per 100 inhabitants: Niger"
Millennium Development Goals Indicators, United Nations Statistical Division. Retrieved 18 February 2009.

Internet censorship and surveillance

There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet or reports that the government monitors e-mail or Internet chat rooms. Although individuals and groups can engage in the peaceful expression of views via the Internet, few residents have access to it."Niger"
''Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012'', Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 22 March 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2014. The constitution and law provide for freedom of speech and freedom of the press, press, and the government generally respects these rights in practice. The constitution and law generally prohibit arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home, or correspondence, and the government generally respects these prohibitions.

References

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External links

Transports et télécoms (Statistical series)
, Institut National de la Statistique, Niger.
Does Digital Divide or Provide? The Impact of Cell Phones on Grain Markets in Niger
Jenny C. Aker, Center for Global Development, Tufts University, 1 October 2008.

(The Nigerian media landscape) , Djilali Benamrane, Afrik.com, 6 March 2002

Niger Information and Communications Technology Assessment
Yaovi Atohoun, Eileen Reynolds, Karl Stanzick, United States Education for Development and Democracy Initiative, 3 May 2001. {{Niger topics Telecommunications in Niger,