Abū'l-Fath Tauke Mūhammad bin Salqām-Jahangīr Khan ( kk, Әбілфат Тәуке Мұхаммед бин Салқам-Жаһанғыр хан, ,

romanized Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics, is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and ...

: ''Äbılfat Täuke Mūhammed bin Salqam-Jahanğyr han'') (1635 – 1715, r. 1680 – 1715) ruled as a Kazakh khan of the

Kazakh Khanate The Kazakh Khanate ( kk, Қазақ Хандығы, , ), in eastern sources known as Ulus of the Kazakhs, Ulus of Jochi, Yurt of Urus, was a Kazakh state in Central Asia, successor of the Golden Horde existing from the 15th to 19th century, ...

. In 1652 after the death of his father

Jahangir Khan Jahangir Khan (Pashto/ ur, جهانگير خان born 10 December 1963) is a former World No. 1 professional Pakistani squash player. He won the World Open title six times , and the British Open title ten times (1982-1991). Jahangir Khan is w ...

, the ruler of

Jungars The Dzungar people (also written as Zunghar; from the Mongolian language, Mongolian words , meaning 'left hand') were the many Mongol Oirats, Oirat tribes who formed and maintained the Dzungar Khanate in the 17th and 18th centuries. Historically ...

Erdeni Batyr had dramatically increased his military pressure on the

in an attempt to conquer it. Eventually he died in 1670. Kaldan Boshakty replaced him (1670–1699, in some sources 1670–1697), who was later succeeded by Seban Rabtan (1699–1729). All through these invasions, a weak Kazakh ruler named Bahadur Khan had taken the throne. He was quickly deposed by the Kazakhs, allowing Tauke Muhammad to take the Kazakh throne. The hardest time for the Kazakhs started from 1698. When the Kazakhs divided their khanate into Juzes, maintaining unity became a complicated task. Tauke Muhammad, who remained the khan of all three Juzes, managed to keep the unity of Kazakhs, earning him the honorific title "''Shah-i-Turan''" (

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

for "King of

Turan Turan ( ae, Tūiriiānəm, pal, Tūrān; fa, توران, Turân, , "The Land of Tur") is a historical region in Central Asia. The term is of Iranian origin and may refer to a particular prehistoric human settlement, a historic geographical re ...

") like his father before him. In 1692 Tauke Muhammad connected with

Peter I of Russia Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...

. Eventually, the Russian Empire lowered the trade taxes (also known as ''bazh'' tax). In 1710 by uniting 3 juzes in the place Kuntobe (near the city of

Tashkent Tashkent (, uz, Toshkent, Тошкент/, ) (from russian: Ташкент), or Toshkent (; ), also historically known as Chach is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan. It is the most populous city in Central Asia, with a population of ...

), Tauke Muhammad fought Jungars in the place named Augyr and gained a victory. With Tauke Khan's death in 1715, the three "jüzes" of the Kazakh Khanate — the Great jüz, the Middle jüz and the Little jüz — were no longer able to pursue a unified political policy. Abu'l Khair Khan of the Little jüz was nominally the senior khan of the entire Kazakh Khanate, but in practice each jüz was ruled independently by its own khan.Viatkin, 154. Tauke Khan is also known for refining the Kazakh code of laws, and reissuing it under the title "Жеті Жарғі" (transliterated: "Jetı Jarğı" — "Seven Charters").

References

* *{{cite book, last1=Viatkin, first1=M. P., title=Batyr Srym, date=1947, publisher=Akademiia Nauk SSSR, location=Moscow *Kazakh Khanate is described in historical texts such as the Tarikh-i-Rashidi (1541–1545) by Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, and Zhamigi-at-Tavarikh (1598–1599) by Kadyrgali Kosynuli Zhalayir. Kazakh khans Kazakhstani Muslims

See also

References