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Tanganasoga is the main
El Hierro is a 278.5 km2 island, formed approx 1.2 million year agoJuan Carlos Carracedo, Simon Day: ''Canary Islands. Classic Geology in Europe 4.'' Harpenden, Terra, 2002, Page 2 after three successive eruptions, the island emerged from the ocean as a triangle of
There is evidence of at least three major gravitational landslides that have affected El Hierro in the last few hundred thousand years. The most recent of these was the 'El Golfo' landslide that occurred about 15 thousand years ago, involving collapse of the northern flank of the island. The landslide formed the El Golfo valley and created a debris avalanche with a volume of 150–180 km3.
Tanganasoga at the Global Volcanism ProjectArticle on the geology of the volcano
Volcanoes of the Canary Islands
volcano
A volcano is a rupture in the Crust (geology), crust of a Planet#Planetary-mass objects, planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and volcanic gas, gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
On Ear ...
of El Hierro
El Hierro, nicknamed ''Isla del Meridiano'' (the "Meridian Island"), is the second-smallest and farthest-south and -west of the Canary Islands (an autonomous community of Spain), in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa, with a populatio ...
's El Golfo area in the Canary Islands, consisting of a cinder cone. The volcano is part of a much larger shield volcano system.
The volcano
El Hierro is a 278.5 km2 island, formed approx 1.2 million year agoJuan Carlos Carracedo, Simon Day: ''Canary Islands. Classic Geology in Europe 4.'' Harpenden, Terra, 2002, Page 2 after three successive eruptions, the island emerged from the ocean as a triangle of basalt
Basalt (; ) is an aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the surface of a rocky planet or moon. More than 90 ...
ic dykes topped with a volcanic
A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates a ...
cone more than 2,000 metres high. With continued activity resulting in the island expanding to have the largest number of volcano
A volcano is a rupture in the Crust (geology), crust of a Planet#Planetary-mass objects, planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and volcanic gas, gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
On Ear ...
es in the Canaries (over 500 cones, another 300 covered by more recent deposits), together with approximately 70 caves and volcanic galleries, including the Cueva de Don Justo whose collection of channels is over 6 km in length. Landslides
Landslides, also known as landslips, are several forms of mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, deep-seated slope failures, mudflows, and debris flows. Landslides occur in a variety of environments, ...
have reduced the size and height of the island. Tanganasoga is now the main volcano on the island.
Landslides
There is evidence of at least three major gravitational landslides that have affected El Hierro in the last few hundred thousand years. The most recent of these was the 'El Golfo' landslide that occurred about 15 thousand years ago, involving collapse of the northern flank of the island. The landslide formed the El Golfo valley and created a debris avalanche with a volume of 150–180 km3. Turbidite
A turbidite is the geologic deposit of a turbidity current, which is a type of amalgamation of fluidal and sediment gravity flow responsible for distributing vast amounts of clastic sediment into the deep ocean.
Sequencing
Turbidites wer ...
deposits related to this landslide have been recognized in drill cores from the Agadir Basin to the north of the Canary Islands. Detailed analysis of these deposits suggests that the slope failure did not occur as a single event but a series of smaller failures over a period of hours or days. Local tsunami are likely to have been triggered by these landslides but no evidence has been found to confirm this. Tanganasoga formed near the top of the El Golfo landslide headwall, on the upper part of the north-facing scarp slope.
Recent volcanic activity
Perhaps as a mark of the island's relative isolation, only one eruption has ever been recorded on the island, from the Volcan de Lomo Negro vent of Tanganasoga in 1793. The eruption lasted a month. It is considered that the 2011-2012 El Hierro eruption at La Restinga in the southernmost part of the island is a vent of Tanganasoga. Swiftdeformation
Deformation can refer to:
* Deformation (engineering), changes in an object's shape or form due to the application of a force or forces.
** Deformation (physics), such changes considered and analyzed as displacements of continuum bodies.
* Defor ...
of Tanganasoga was recorded during the October 2011-March 2012 eruptive phase of this volcanic activity, and in June 2012 a new phase was heralded by earthquakes and rapid deformation upwards and outwards of Tanganasoga, indicating the deep-seated movement of magma below.
See also
* 2011-2012 El Hierro eruptionReferences
{{ReflistExternal links
Tanganasoga at the Global Volcanism Project
Volcanoes of the Canary Islands