The Tamoios Environmental Protection Area ( pt, Área de Proteção Ambiental de Tamoios) is an
environmental protection area of the state of
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It protects an area of coastal forests, mangroves, rocky shores and islands.
Location
The Tamoios Environmental Protection Area (APA) is in the municipality of
Angra dos Reis
Angra dos Reis (; Portuguese for ''cove'' or ''bay of the Kings'') is a Brazilian municipality located in the southern part of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The city is located by the sea and includes in its territory many offshore islands, the l ...
, Rio de Janeiro, in the region known as the Costa Verde.
The APA has a mainland portion covering the Marinah area, and an insular portion covering the
Ilha Grande and all other islands in the municipality of Angra dos Reis in the basins of Ilha Grande, Ribeira and Jacuacanga.
The APA extends across Angra dos Reis from the mouth of the
Mambucaba River, adjacent to the historic village of
Mambucaba, in the west on the boundary with the municipality of
Paraty to the boundary with the municipality of
Mangaratiba
Mangaratiba () is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Its population is 45,220 (2020) and its area is 352 km2.IBGE -
Part of the Sylvester Stallone film '' The Expendables'' was shot in the central part of the c ...
in the east.
It has an area of .
The boundaries contain , but only the land and islands are covered by the decree creating the APA.
The reserve protects extensive areas of mangroves, which are important as breeding areas for fish and shellfish.
There are also rocky coasts and
restinga
Restingas () are a distinct type of coastal tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest in eastern Brazil. They form on sandy, acidic, and nutrient-poor soils, and are characterized by medium-sized trees and shrubs adapted to the drier and nut ...
areas of great scenic beauty that are home to a rich variety of flora and fauna.
There are over 100 islands within the of Ilha Grande Bay.
Lack of regulation and control has allowed the marine ecosystem to degrade and lose biodiversity and landscape quality.
19 of the islands are part of the
Tamoios Ecological Station.
The APA contains the
Praia do Sul Biological Reserve
Praia (, Portuguese for "beach") is the capital and largest city of Cape Verde.[Ilha Grande State Park
The Ilha Grande State Park ( pt, Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande) is a state park in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Location
The Ilha Grande State Park is on the island of Ilha Grande off the south coast of Rio de Janeiro near the border wi ...]
.
The APA also includes of land that is not fully protected.
The Ilha Grande has been part of the
Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve
The Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve, or Mata Atlântica Biosphere Reserve (MABR, pt, Reserva da Biosfera da Mata Atlântica) is a biosphere reserve covering remnants of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, including fully protected and sustainable use ...
since 1992.
It is part of the
Bocaina Mosaic of conservation units.
History
The Tamoios Environmental Protection Area was created by decree 9.452 of the governor of Rio de Janeiro on 5 December 1982.
The decree was signed in 1986.
The purpose is to protect the natural environment of great scenic beauty, home to rare and endangered species, as well as ''
caiçaras
Caiçaras () are the traditional inhabitants of the coastal regions of the southeastern and southern Brazil. They form a distinct group of people, descended from Africans, indigenous people, and Europeans.
Their traditional way of life based on ...
'' communities integrated into these ecosystems.
The master plan was instituted on 1 July 1994.
Decree 41.921 of June 2009 authorized installation of new projects in the wildlife conservation area of the APA, where previously only renovation or expansion of existing buildings was allowed.
Since 2011 there has been discussion about creation by the state of an Ilha Grande Marine Environmental Protection Area to control and manage the marine environment.
The management plan was approved on 25 April 2013.
Notes
Sources
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{{authority control
1982 establishments in Brazil
Environmental protection areas of Brazil
Protected areas of Rio de Janeiro (state)
Angra dos Reis