Takuma Akuma Tanada (October 30, 1919 – January 4, 2018) was an American plant biologist who made several discoveries related to the effects of light radiation on plants, including his discovery of the

Tanada effect The Tanada effect refers to the adhesion of root tips to glass surfaces. It is believed to involve electric potentials. It is named for the scientist who first described the effect, Takuma Tanada. The phenomenon was observed while Dr. Tanada was r ...

. He conducted research at the

United States Department of Agriculture The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is the United States federal executive departments, federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, rural economic development, ...

and in 2011 was awarded a Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian award in the United States, for his assistance to the U.S. military in World War II. Tanada's was born in Hawaii in 1919 to Japanese immigrants. Tanada attended the University of Hawaii studying Botany, and received a B.S. in 1942, and a M.S. in 1944. Tanada and his brother Shigeo volunteered for the Army. Tanada said he was rejected when he initially tried to join the military after the attack on Pearl Harbor, but was drafted later in part due to being fluent in Japanese. He enlisted on June 21, 1944. He translated top-secret Japanese communications for the Military Intelligence Service and was promoted to technical sergeant. After World War II ended, Tanada became an administrator to import and manufacture fertilizer. Tanada was assigned to the United States Department of Agriculture, where he published works related to the effects of red and far-red light on plant roots. The photomorphogenic processes he discovered in relation to light spectrum on plant root adhesion became known as the

. He later discovered that the electric charge causing roots to stick to glass is generated by the trace element boron. Tanada married Toshiyo Shimizu on February 21, 1947 in

Yokohama, Japan is the second-largest city in Japan by population and the most populous municipality of Japan. It is the capital city and the most populous city in Kanagawa Prefecture, with a 2020 population of 3.8 million. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of To ...

.National Archives and Records Administration (NARA); Washington, D.C.; ''Marriage Reports in State Department Decimal Files, 1910-1949''; Record Group: ''59, General Records of the Department of State, 1763 - 2002''; Series ARC ID: ''2555709''; Series MLR Number: ''A1, Entry 3001''; Series Box Number: ''530''; File Number:''133'' Tanada retired to Napa with his wife in 1983 to be close to Juliet Tanada, their daughter, an optometry teacher at Berkeley. His wife died in 1986. In retirement Tanada was still growing a large fruit and vegetable garden in Browns Valley. He died in January 2018 at the age of 98.

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References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tanada, Takuma 1919 births 2018 deaths 21st-century American botanists American military personnel of Japanese descent University of Hawaiʻi alumni Military personnel from Hawaii Scientists from Hawaii