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Taibe ( ar, الطيبة, Al-Taybeh; he, טַּיִּבָּה), meaning "The goodly", or colloquially al-Tayiba al-Zu'biyya (الطيبة الزعبية) after its main clan, is a
Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...
village in northeastern
Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
on the
Issachar Plateau The Issachar Plateau or Issachar Heights ( he, רמת יששכר, Ramat Yissaḫar/Ramot Yissaḫar) is a basalt plateau in the eastern part of Lower Galilee. It is bounded by the Tabor Stream in the north and the Harod Valley in the south an ...
. It falls under the jurisdiction of
Gilboa Regional Council Gilboa Regional Council ( he, מועצה אזורית הגלבוע, ''Mo'atza Azorit (ha)Gilbo'a'') is a regional council in northern Israel, located on the slopes of the Gilboa mountain range. There are more than 22,000 residents in 38 settlemen ...
. In it had a population of .


History

Remains from the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Crusader, and Mamluk periods have been found.Covello-Paran and Tepper, 2008
Et-Taiyiba
/ref>


Biblical identification

Historical geographer
Yeshayahu Press Yeshayahu Press (March 2, 1874 – June 11, 1955) was a prominent researcher of the land of Israel. He was born in Jerusalem, which his father, Haim Press, helped build. Givat Yeshayahu was named after him. He wrote ''Topographical-Historical En ...
thought the site to be the biblical
Hapharaim This is a list of places mentioned in the Bible, which do not have their own Wikipedia articles. See also the list of biblical places for locations which do have their own article. A Abana Abana, according to 2 Kings 5:12, was one of the "river ...
mentioned in in connection with the tribe of
Issachar Issachar () was, according to the Book of Genesis, the fifth of the six sons of Jacob and Leah (Jacob's ninth son), and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Issachar. However, some Biblical scholars view this as an eponymous metaphor providing ...
, by a reversion of its name from what sounded like ''Afrin'' ("demons") to a euphemistic sound (lit. "the goodly"), as was common in other Arabic place-names.


Bronze Age to Byzantine period

It has been proposed that Taibe was Tubi, listed among the places paying tribute to
Thutmose III Thutmose III (variously also spelt Tuthmosis or Thothmes), sometimes called Thutmose the Great, was the sixth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Officially, Thutmose III ruled Egypt for almost 54 years and his reign is usually dated from 28 ...
. North east of the village
sarcophagus A sarcophagus (plural sarcophagi or sarcophaguses) is a box-like funeral receptacle for a corpse, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried. The word ''sarcophagus'' comes from the Greek ...
remains have been found. This area apparently functioned as a graveyard during the
Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter ...
and
Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...
eras. In 2021, archaeologist announced the discovery of an engraved stone from the late
5th century The 5th century is the time period from 401 ( CDI) through 500 ( D) ''Anno Domini'' (AD) or Common Era (CE) in the Julian calendar. The 5th century is noted for being a period of migration and political instability throughout Eurasia. It saw the ...
from the frame of an entrance door of a church, with a mosaic
Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
inscription. The inscription reads “''
Christ Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label=Hebrew/Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament, names and titles), was ...
born of
Mary Mary may refer to: People * Mary (name), a feminine given name (includes a list of people with the name) Religious contexts * New Testament people named Mary, overview article linking to many of those below * Mary, mother of Jesus, also calle ...
."This work of the most God-fearing and pious bishop heodoius and the miserable Th
mas Mas, Más or MAS may refer to: Film and TV * Más y Menos, fictional superhero characters, from the Teen Titans animated television series * Más (Breaking Bad), "Más" (''Breaking Bad''), a season three episode of ''Breaking Bad'' Songs * Más ( ...
was built from the foundation. Whoever enters should pray for them''”. According to archaeologist Dr. Walid Atrash, Theodosius was one of the first Christian bishops and he served as the regional archbishop. This church was the first evidence of the Byzantine church’s existence in Taybeh.


Crusader period

During the Crusader period there was a castle here called (Le) Forbelet (in medieval Arabic: 'Afrabala).Pringle, 1997, p
104
/ref> It was probably
Hospitaller The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem ( la, Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller (), was a medieval and early modern Catholic Church, Catholic Military ord ...
and dependent on nearby Belvoir. Yaqut (1179–1229) noted about the village, which he called ''Afrabala'': "A place in the Jordan Ghaur (or low-land), near Baisan and
Tabariyyah Tiberias ( ; he, טְבֶרְיָה, ; ar, طبريا, Ṭabariyyā) is an Israeli city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. A major Jewish center during Late Antiquity, it has been considered since the 16th century one of Judaism's Fou ...
." In July 1182 the castle was the background of the pitched large-scale Battle of Forbelet between Baldwin IV and
Saladin Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadi () ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known by the epithet Saladin,, ; ku, سه‌لاحه‌دین, ; was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Hailing from an ethnic Kurdish family, he was the first of both Egypt and ...
. The castle was sacked by
Saladin Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadi () ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known by the epithet Saladin,, ; ku, سه‌لاحه‌دین, ; was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Hailing from an ethnic Kurdish family, he was the first of both Egypt and ...
in 1183, and occupied by the
Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
s besieging Belvoir in 1187-88. Parts of the castle
keep A keep (from the Middle English ''kype'') is a type of fortified tower built within castles during the Middle Ages by European nobility. Scholars have debated the scope of the word ''keep'', but usually consider it to refer to large towers in c ...
's basement still survive, as do other installations from the Crusader period. Recent excavations indicate that new buildings were constructed alongside the partially destroyed Crusader castle in
Mamluk Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ...
and Ottoman times.


Ottoman period

Taibe was incorporated into the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers under the name of ''Tayyibat al-Ism'' as being in the ''
Nahiya A nāḥiyah ( ar, , plural ''nawāḥī'' ), also nahiya or nahia, is a regional or local type of administrative division that usually consists of a number of villages or sometimes smaller towns. In Tajikistan, it is a second-level division w ...
'' of Shafa of the '' Liwa'' of
Lajjun Lajjun ( ar, اللجّون, ''al-Lajjūn'') was a large Palestinian Arab village in Mandatory Palestine, located northwest of Jenin and south of the remains of the biblical city of Megiddo. The Israeli kibbutz of Megiddo, Israel was built o ...
. It had a population of 13
Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
households and paid taxes on wheat, barley, summer crops, and goats or beehives; a total of 5,300
Akçe The ''akçe'' or ''akça'' (also spelled ''akche'', ''akcheh''; ota, آقچه; ) refers to a silver coin which was the chief monetary unit of the Ottoman Empire. The word itself evolved from the word "silver or silver money", this word is deri ...
.
Pierre Jacotin Pierre Jacotin (1765–1827) was the director of the survey for the ''Carte de l'Égypte (Description de l'Égypte)'', the first triangulation-based map of Egypt, Syria and Palestine. The maps were surveyed in 1799-1800 during the campaign in Eg ...
named the village ''Taibeh'' on his map from 1799. In 1870–1871 an Ottoman census listed the village as Tayiba-i Zu'bi, after its resident clan, in the ''
nahiya A nāḥiyah ( ar, , plural ''nawāḥī'' ), also nahiya or nahia, is a regional or local type of administrative division that usually consists of a number of villages or sometimes smaller towns. In Tajikistan, it is a second-level division w ...
'' (sub-district) of Shafa al-Shamali. In 1875, the French explorer
Victor Guérin Victor Guérin (15 September 1821 – 21 Septembe 1890) was a French intellectual, explorer and amateur archaeologist. He published books describing the geography, archeology and history of the areas he explored, which included Greece, Asia Mino ...
visited the village and described it as poor, but formerly an important city, while in 1882 the
Palestine Exploration Fund The Palestine Exploration Fund is a British society based in London. It was founded in 1865, shortly after the completion of the Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem, and is the oldest known organization in the world created specifically for the study ...
's ''Survey of Western Palestine'' described Taibe as: "A straggling village, of moderate size, lying on flat ground, and containing several good stone houses. There is one in the middle of the village, belonging to the Sheikh, which is larger than the rest."Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p
87
/ref>


British Mandate

In a
census A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating information about the members of a given population. This term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses incl ...
conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities, Taibeh had a population of 220, all Muslim,Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Baisan, p
31
/ref> while at the time of the 1931 census, At-Taiyiba had 43 occupied houses and a population of 186 Muslims.Mills, 1932, p
81
/ref> In the 1945 statistics Taibe had a population of 280 Muslims counted with 150 Jews at
Moledet Moledet ( he, מולדת, ''Homeland'') was a minor right-wing political party in Israel. History Moledet was established by Rehavam Ze'evi in 1988. It won two seats in the Knesset elections later that year, taken by Ze'evi and Yair Sprinzak. ...
)Department of Statistics, 1945, p
7
/ref> with 7,127
dunam A dunam ( Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: ; tr, dönüm; he, דונם), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area equivalent to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amount ...
s of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 7,103 dunams were used for cereals, while 22 dunams were built-up land.


State of Israel

Since 1948 Taibe has been part of the state of Israel. To mark Israel's 60th anniversary in 2008, the dome of the local mosque was painted in the Israeli colors, blue and white. Nearly all the residents of Taibe are members of the Zuabi family, one of the larger 48-Palestinian clans.Arab villagers in A-Taibeh struggle to be accepted as Israelis
Haaretz, 12 January 2011


See also

*
Arab localities in Israel Arab localities in Israel include all population centers with a 50% or higher Arab population in Israel. East Jerusalem and Golan Heights are not internationally recognized parts of Israel proper but have been included in this list. According to ...


References


Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
RHC Or vol. 4
1898,
Recueil des historiens des croisades {{italic title The ''Recueil des historiens des croisades'' (trans: ''Collection of the Historians of the Crusades'') is a major collection of several thousand medieval documents written during the Crusades. The documents were collected and publish ...
(p. 345, cf p. 303) * * *


External links


Welcome To Kh. al-Tayiba
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 9
IAAWikimedia commons
where it is listed as ''et Taiyibeh'' {{Crusader sites Arab villages in Israel Populated places established in 1920 Populated places in Northern District (Israel) Castles and fortifications of the Knights Hospitaller